Pa229/Pa211 Organizational Dynamics Module Quiz
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
1. What is the purpose of an institution?
- A.
Appointed to fulfil a social role
- B.
To form groups
- C.
To create a basic assumption group
Correct Answer
A. Appointed to fulfil a social roleExplanation
An institution is appointed to fulfill a social role. This means that institutions are established to serve a specific purpose or function within society. They are created to meet the needs and demands of the community, whether it be providing education, healthcare, governance, or any other essential service. Institutions play a crucial role in maintaining social order, promoting stability, and addressing societal issues. They are responsible for upholding and enforcing laws, regulations, and norms that govern behavior and ensure the well-being of individuals and the community as a whole.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Who wrote “individual psychology is at the same time social psychology”?
- A.
William McDougall
- B.
Sigmund Freud
- C.
Wilfred Bion
Correct Answer
B. Sigmund FreudExplanation
Sigmund Freud wrote the statement "individual psychology is at the same time social psychology." This suggests that Freud believed that individual psychology and social psychology are interconnected and cannot be separated.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What are three characteristics of a crowd according to Le Bon?
- A.
Believability, Fragility, Inflexibility
- B.
Irrationality, Invincibility, Suggestibility
- C.
Sensitivity, Powerlessness, Anxiety
Correct Answer
B. Irrationality, Invincibility, SuggestibilityExplanation
According to Le Bon, three characteristics of a crowd are irrationality, invincibility, and suggestibility. This means that when individuals are part of a crowd, they tend to act in irrational ways, often making decisions that they wouldn't make as individuals. They may also feel a sense of invincibility, leading them to take risks or engage in dangerous behaviors. Additionally, crowds are highly suggestible, meaning that they are easily influenced by the opinions and actions of others within the group.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Who wrote “Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego” (1921)
- A.
Sigmund Freud
- B.
Wilfred Bion
- C.
Anna Freud
Correct Answer
A. Sigmund FreudExplanation
Sigmund Freud is the correct answer because he wrote "Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego" in 1921. This book explores the dynamics of group behavior and the role of the ego in group dynamics. Freud is well-known for his contributions to psychoanalysis and his theories on the unconscious mind.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What is a common tie which creates group cohesiveness according to Freud?
- A.
Introjective identification with the leader
- B.
Projective identification on a single member
- C.
Transference to other group members
Correct Answer
A. Introjective identification with the leaderExplanation
Freud believed that introjective identification with the leader is a common tie that creates group cohesiveness. This means that group members identify with and internalize the qualities and values of the leader, which helps to bind the group together. This identification with the leader can create a sense of unity and shared purpose among group members, leading to increased cohesiveness within the group.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What is “Systems Theory”?
- A.
A technical term for understanding mechanisms in a factory setting.
- B.
Understanding an individual’s psyche.
- C.
Looks at the interdependence of individuals in a group.
Correct Answer
C. Looks at the interdependence of individuals in a group.Explanation
Systems Theory is a concept that examines the interdependence of individuals within a group. It recognizes that individuals within a system are interconnected and that their actions and behaviors affect one another. This theory focuses on understanding the relationships and dynamics between individuals, rather than solely focusing on individual behavior or the workings of a factory.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What is an Open System?
- A.
A system which does not allow for any form of exchange with its environment.
- B.
A system that anyone can join
- C.
A system which depends on exchange with its environment for its survival and development
Correct Answer
C. A system which depends on exchange with its environment for its survival and developmentExplanation
An open system is a system that depends on exchange with its environment for its survival and development. This means that the system interacts with and receives inputs from its surroundings, and in turn, it outputs or gives back something to the environment. The exchange of resources, information, or energy with the environment is crucial for the system to function and thrive.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What are the features of a primary task?
- A.
Governed by the unconscious forces of a group
- B.
Reality (principle) facing and adaptive to the external environment
- C.
Wish fulfilling and pleasure (principle) driven
Correct Answer
B. Reality (principle) facing and adaptive to the external environmentExplanation
The features of a primary task include being reality facing and adaptive to the external environment. This means that the task is focused on dealing with the actual situation at hand and being able to adjust and respond to changes in the external environment. This is in contrast to being governed by unconscious forces of a group or being wish fulfilling and pleasure driven, which are not necessarily characteristics of a primary task.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Where did Bion conduct his famous “experiments” on groups?
- A.
Battlefields
- B.
Southfields
- C.
Northfields
Correct Answer
C. NorthfieldsExplanation
Bion conducted his famous "experiments" on groups in Northfields.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What are the three key features of a work group according to Bion?
- A.
Work on an overt task, operate at a conscious level, focused on reality
- B.
Avoid the task, driven by the pleasure principle, focused on reality
- C.
Focused on growth, operate at an unconscious level, led by a single individual.
Correct Answer
A. Work on an overt task, operate at a conscious level, focused on realityExplanation
According to Bion, the three key features of a work group are that they work on an overt task, operate at a conscious level, and are focused on reality. This means that the group is actively engaged in completing a specific task, they are aware of their actions and decisions, and they are focused on the actual circumstances and facts of the situation. This suggests that Bion believes that a successful work group is one that is actively working towards a goal, is aware of their actions, and is grounded in the reality of the situation.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Good Enough Mothering is a concept developed by Donald Winnicott
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Good Enough Mothering is indeed a concept developed by Donald Winnicott. Winnicott was a British pediatrician and psychoanalyst who introduced the idea of the "good enough mother" in his work. He believed that a mother does not need to be perfect but rather needs to provide "good enough" care for their child's development. This concept emphasizes the importance of a nurturing and responsive environment for a child's well-being.Rate this question:
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- 12.
In Van Buskirk W. & McGrath D. (1999) ‘Organizational Cultures as Holding Environments: A Psychodynamic Look at Organizational Symbolism’, they write about CWEP as a holding environment which featured transitional objects. Which of these is a transitional object for the students at the college?
- A.
Teddies, Dummies and Blankets
- B.
A good organisational system, a closed system, and writing assignments
- C.
Good quality feedback, alumni led community college classes and the presence of the college itself.
Correct Answer
C. Good quality feedback, alumni led community college classes and the presence of the college itself.Explanation
The correct answer is "Good quality feedback, alumni led community college classes and the presence of the college itself." This answer is correct because in the article, Van Buskirk and McGrath discuss the concept of a holding environment and how it features transitional objects. In the context of the question, the transitional objects for the students at the college would be the good quality feedback, alumni led community college classes, and the presence of the college itself. These factors provide support, guidance, and a sense of belonging for the students, making them transitional objects that help them navigate and transition through their college experience.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which two of these are ego defences according to Anna Freud?
- A.
The depressive position and the paranoid schizoid position
- B.
Regression and Sublimation
- C.
Transference and Countertransference
Correct Answer
B. Regression and SublimationExplanation
Anna Freud, the daughter of Sigmund Freud, identified several ego defenses, which are strategies used by the ego to protect itself from anxiety. Regression is one of these defenses, where an individual reverts to an earlier stage of development to cope with stress. Sublimation is another defense, where unacceptable impulses or desires are channeled into socially acceptable behaviors. The depressive position and the paranoid schizoid position are not ego defenses according to Anna Freud.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Who wrote “The functioning of social systems as a defence against anxiety: a report on a study of the nursing service of a general hospital” (1959)
- A.
Isabel Menzies Lyth
- B.
Wilfred Bion
- C.
Gordon Lawrence
Correct Answer
A. Isabel Menzies LythExplanation
The correct answer is Isabel Menzies Lyth.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is a “wicked problem”?
- A.
Something which is inherently evil
- B.
Involves complexity and multiple variables, which can be worked through with a strategy and solid leadership.
- C.
Has a structure and can be resolved with a well thought through plan, led by a manager.
Correct Answer
B. Involves complexity and multiple variables, which can be worked through with a strategy and solid leadership.Explanation
A "wicked problem" refers to a complex issue that involves multiple variables and is difficult to solve. It cannot be resolved with a simple plan or by a manager alone. Instead, it requires a strategy and solid leadership to navigate through the complexities and find a solution.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Who conducted the famous conformity studies?
- A.
Solomon Asch
- B.
Stanley Milgram
- C.
Philip Zimbardo
Correct Answer
A. Solomon AschExplanation
Solomon Asch conducted the famous conformity studies. These studies aimed to understand how social pressure influences individuals to conform to group opinions or behaviors. Asch's experiments involved participants who were shown lines of different lengths and asked to choose the line that matched a standard line. The catch was that the majority of the participants were confederates who purposely gave incorrect answers, leading the real participant to conform and also give the wrong answer. Asch's research highlighted the powerful impact of social influence on individual behavior and the tendency to conform to group norms.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of these describes the features of the depressive position?
- A.
Splitting, grief, idealisation
- B.
Ambivalence, loss, guilt and reparation
- C.
Satisfaction, pleasure principle, perfection
Correct Answer
B. Ambivalence, loss, guilt and reparationExplanation
The features of the depressive position include ambivalence, loss, guilt, and reparation. In this position, individuals experience conflicting emotions towards others, feel a sense of loss or mourning, experience guilt for their aggressive or destructive impulses, and seek to repair or make amends for any harm caused. This is in contrast to the earlier stage of splitting, where individuals see others as either all good or all bad, and the stage of idealization, where individuals have unrealistic and perfect expectations.Rate this question:
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- 18.
How many biases does Richardson write about in her chapter ‘The Contribution of Systemic Thinking and Practice’ (2003)
- A.
5
- B.
7
- C.
9
Correct Answer
B. 7Explanation
In Richardson's chapter "The Contribution of Systemic Thinking and Practice" (2003), she discusses seven biases. The exact biases are not mentioned in the question, but based on the information provided, the correct answer is 7.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Bion's basic assumption groups are Dependency, Pairing and ________
Correct Answer
Fight or FlightExplanation
The given answer, "Fight or Flight," is not a correct completion for the blank in the question. Bion's basic assumption groups are Dependency, Pairing, and Fight or Flight is not one of the basic assumption groups proposed by Bion. Therefore, the correct answer is not Fight or Flight.Rate this question:
- 20.
The additional basic assumption coined by Turquet (1974) is called ________
Correct Answer
One-nessExplanation
Turquet (1974) coined the term "One-ness" as an additional basic assumption. This assumption suggests that individuals within a group or organization should work together as a unified entity, with a shared sense of purpose and goals. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration, cooperation, and synergy among team members to achieve collective success. The concept of One-ness highlights the need for unity and cohesion within a group, promoting a harmonious working environment and enhancing overall productivity.Rate this question:
- 21.
The fifth basic assumption coined by Lawrence, Bain and Gould (1996) is called ________
Correct Answer
Me-nessExplanation
The fifth basic assumption coined by Lawrence, Bain and Gould (1996) is called "Me-ness". This term refers to the belief that individuals have a unique and distinct sense of self, separate from others. It encompasses the idea that each person has their own thoughts, feelings, and experiences that shape their identity. Me-ness highlights the importance of recognizing and respecting individual differences and perspectives in understanding human behavior and interactions.Rate this question:
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