Renal And Endocrine Clinmed

22 Questions | By Day4517 | Last updated: Mar 19, 2022 | Total Attempts: 275

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Renal, endocrine

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1.

Which of the following is not a finding in acute renal failure?
- A.
  
  Elevated BUN and creatinine
- B.
  
  Asterixis
- C.
  
  Hypokalemia
- D.
  
  Anion gap metabolic acidosis
- E.
  
  Clotting disorders
2.

Which is the most common cause of acute renal failure?
- A.
  
  Prerenal azotemia
- B.
  
  Acute tubular necrosis
- C.
  
  Interstitial nephritis
- D.
  
  Glomerulonephritis
3.

Which of the following is associated with hyperglycemia and mannitol administration?
- A.
  
  Isotonic hyponatremia
- B.
  
  Hypertonic hyponatremia
- C.
  
  Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia
- D.
  
  Hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia
- E.
  
  Hypovolemic hypertonic hyponatremia
4.

Which of the following is treated with isotonic saline?
- A.
  
  Isotonic hyponatremia
- B.
  
  Euvolemic hyponatremia
- C.
  
  Hypervolemic hyponatremia
- D.
  
  Hypovolemic hypernatremia
5.

What is the most common cause of hypokalemia?
- A.
  
  Acidosis
- B.
  
  Infectious diarrhea
- C.
  
  Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
- D.
  
  Mineralcorticoid deficiency
- E.
  
  Trauma
6.

Treating hyperkalemia with intravenous calcium can cause which of the following?
- A.
  
  Digitalis toxicity
- B.
  
  Cerebral edema
- C.
  
  Immediate death
- D.
  
  Osteitis fibrosa cystica
7.

What is the most common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients?
- A.
  
  Hyperkalemia
- B.
  
  Hypocalcemia
- C.
  
  Hypernatremia
- D.
  
  Hyponatremia
8.

Which electrolyte disturbance manifests with early signs of lethargy, irritability, and weakness and late symptoms of hyperthermia, delirium, seizures and coma?
- A.
  
  Hypokalemia
- B.
  
  Hyperkalemia
- C.
  
  Hypernatremia
- D.
  
  Hyponatremia
9.

Which of the following ECG changes suggests hypokalemia?
- A.
  
  Peaked T waves
- B.
  
  Biphasic QRS-T complexes
- C.
  
  PR interval prolongation
- D.
  
  Prominent U waves
10.

Which is a cause of hyperkalemia?
- A.
  
  Infectious diarrhea
- B.
  
  Trauma
- C.
  
  Acidosis
- D.
  
  Alkaolsis
- E.
  
  Aldosterone increases
11.

Which electrolyte is usually ignored in the calculation of anion gap?
- A.
  
  Potassium
- B.
  
  Chloride
- C.
  
  Sodium
- D.
  
  Bicarbonate
12.

Which is a cause of anion gap metabolic acidosis?
- A.
  
  Spironolactone
- B.
  
  Licorice
- C.
  
  Uretero-pelvic shunt
- D.
  
  Rhabdomyolysis
13.

Which of the following is not a cause of euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia?
- A.
  
  Hyperglycemia
- B.
  
  Endurance exercise
- C.
  
  SIADH
- D.
  
  Use of thiazide diuretics
- E.
  
  Beer potomania
14.

Which is a cause of increased anion gap acidosis?
- A.
  
  Hemorrhagic shock
- B.
  
  Alcoholic ketoacidosis
- C.
  
  Posthypocapnia
- D.
  
  Uremia
- E.
  
  Diabetic ketoacidosis
15.

Which is false of alkalosis?
- A.
  
  It is more commonly saline responsive
- B.
  
  Mild forms are generally well tolerated
- C.
  
  It may be accompanied by low potassium
- D.
  
  Symptoms include asterixis and myoclonus
- E.
  
  It can be treated with NSS and discontinuance of diuretics
16.

What is the most common cause of glomerulonephritis?
- A.
  
  Pseudomonas
- B.
  
  E.coli
- C.
  
  Group A strep
- D.
  
  Drugs
- E.
  
  Viruses
17.

Which of the following conditions is associated with dense subepithelial deposits or "humps?"
- A.
  
  Postinfectious glomerulonephritis
- B.
  
  IgA nephropathy
- C.
  
  Henoch-Schonlein purpura
- D.
  
  Goodpasture's syndrome
- E.
  
  Minimal change disease
18.

Which is associated with anti-GBM antibodies?
- A.
  
  IgA nephropathy
- B.
  
  Goodpasture's syndrome
- C.
  
  Henoch-Schonlein purpura
- D.
  
  Minimal change disease
- E.
  
  Membranous nephropathy
19.

Which of the following is associated with foot process effacement on electron microscopy?
- A.
  
  Goodpasture's syndrome
- B.
  
  Henoch-Schonlein purpura
- C.
  
  Minimal change disease
- D.
  
  Membranous nephropathy
- E.
  
  IgA nephropathy
20.

Which of the following is associated with membranous nephropathy?
- A.
  
  Spike and dome pattern on biopsy
- B.
  
  Most commonly seen in children
- C.
  
  Cola-colored urine
- D.
  
  Peripheral edema
- E.
  
  Arthralgias
21.

What is the most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism?
- A.
  
  Adrenal hyperplasia
- B.
  
  Corticosteroid use
- C.
  
  Adrenal adenoma
22.

What is a cause of secondary central diabetes insipidus?
- A.
  
  Destruction of vasopressin by a circulating enzyme during pregnancy
- B.
  
  Defect in the kidney tubules that interferes with water absorption
- C.
  
  Amyloidosis
- D.
  
  Pituitary stalk tumor
- E.
  
  Lithium use