Ch 04 Health, Wellness, Illness and Disability

Self-image refers to how an individual perceives themselves, including their beliefs, attitudes, and opinions about their own abilities, appearance, and personality. It is a subjective view that a person holds about themselves, which can greatly influence their self-esteem and behavior. Therefore, the statement that self-image is the individual's perception of themselves is true.

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease. This means that being healthy goes beyond not having any specific illness or disease. It encompasses various aspects of an individual's well-being, including their physical fitness, mental clarity, emotional stability, and social connections. Therefore, health cannot be defined solely by the absence of bacteria, cancer, or viruses, but rather by the overall balance and harmony of a person's physical and mental state.

Changes in sexual function can have a significant impact on individuals, both physically and emotionally. These changes can lead to feelings of frustration, dissatisfaction, and even distress. Sexual function is an important aspect of many people's lives, and any alterations or difficulties in this area can greatly affect their overall well-being and quality of life. Therefore, it is true that changes in sexual function greatly affect some people.

Some individuals believe that their spiritual well-being is strongly connected to their religious beliefs and practices. Religion often provides a framework for understanding the purpose and meaning of life, offering guidance on moral values and principles. Engaging in religious rituals, attending religious services, and participating in religious communities can contribute to a sense of spiritual fulfillment and overall well-being. Therefore, for these individuals, spiritual health and religion are closely intertwined.

Emotional health is one of the five dimensions of health because it refers to the ability to understand and manage one's emotions in a healthy and balanced way. It involves being aware of and expressing emotions appropriately, as well as having the skills to cope with stress and adversity. Emotional health is essential for overall well-being and can impact other dimensions of health such as physical and social health.

The term discrimination refers to the unfair treatment of individuals based on their physical characteristics, health history, or group membership. This can involve prejudiced actions or decisions that negatively impact certain individuals or groups. Discrimination can occur in various contexts, such as employment, education, housing, or public services. It is a form of bias that disregards the equal rights and dignity of individuals, perpetuating inequality and social injustice.

Illness refers to the state of being unwell or having a disease, which can affect both physical and mental health. Therefore, it is accurate to say that illness is the loss of physical or mental health.

An acute illness refers to a condition that appears suddenly and lasts for a short time. This means that the symptoms of the illness develop rapidly and the duration of the illness is relatively brief. It is important to note that an acute illness is different from a chronic or progressive illness, which develops slowly over time and may result in long-term disability. Additionally, an acute illness is not synonymous with influenza, as influenza is just one example of an acute illness among many others.

Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors that characterize a particular group of people. It plays a significant role in shaping an individual's health beliefs and practices. Cultural factors such as religious beliefs, dietary preferences, traditional healing practices, and attitudes towards healthcare providers can all influence how a person perceives and manages their health. Understanding an individual's cultural background can help healthcare professionals provide more culturally sensitive and effective care.

The correct answer is that cognitive health is achieved by keeping the mind active and creative throughout life. This means that engaging in activities that stimulate the brain, such as puzzles, reading, and learning new skills, can help maintain cognitive function and overall brain health. It emphasizes the importance of lifelong learning and mental stimulation in promoting cognitive well-being.

Shamans are believed to possess special powers that can aid in the healing process. These powers are often associated with spiritual or supernatural abilities that shamans use to connect with the spiritual realm and bring about healing for individuals. This belief in the special powers of shamans is a common aspect of many indigenous cultures and traditional healing practices.

Health was previously defined as the absence of disease. This means that if a person did not have any illnesses or medical conditions, they were considered to be healthy. This definition focused solely on the physical aspect of health and did not take into account other factors such as mental well-being or social functioning. It implied that as long as a person was not sick, they were considered to be in good health. However, this definition is limited as it does not encompass the broader concept of health, which includes physical, mental, and social well-being.

A social support system is not a common reaction to a newly diagnosed illness or a recently acquired disability. When individuals receive such news, they typically experience denial, anger, and depression. Denial is a defense mechanism where individuals refuse to accept the reality of their situation. Anger is a common emotional response to the loss or change that comes with the illness or disability. Depression is also common as individuals may feel overwhelmed, sad, or hopeless. However, a social support system is not a reaction but rather a resource that can help individuals cope with their illness or disability.

People with strong emotional health exhibit self-control. This means they have the ability to regulate their emotions and behaviors, allowing them to make rational decisions and resist impulsive actions. They are able to manage stress effectively and maintain a sense of calm and composure in challenging situations. This self-control also extends to other areas of their lives, such as managing their time, finances, and relationships. Overall, exhibiting self-control is a characteristic of emotionally healthy individuals who are able to navigate life's ups and downs with resilience and maturity.

Persistent illness refers to a medical condition that lasts for a long period of time and does not easily go away. It is characterized by slow progression, meaning that the symptoms worsen gradually over time. Unlike acute illnesses, which have a sudden onset and often resolve quickly, persistent illnesses require ongoing management and treatment. Therefore, the statement "It is a slow, progressive illness" accurately describes the nature of persistent illnesses.

Making all the decisions on behalf of the client is not less stressful for them. In fact, it can be quite overwhelming and disempowering for the client to have no say in the decisions that affect their own life. It is important to involve the client in the decision-making process, allowing them to express their preferences and make choices based on their own values and needs. This promotes autonomy, respect, and a sense of control for the client, ultimately reducing their stress levels.

Health is a continuum because it exists on a spectrum, ranging from optimal health or wellness to extreme ill health. This means that individuals can fall anywhere along this continuum, with some experiencing good health and others facing significant health challenges. The concept of a continuum emphasizes that health is not a binary state but rather a complex and dynamic concept that can vary for different individuals at different times.

The correct answer is "An informal network of people who help each other or others." A social support system refers to a network of individuals who provide assistance, emotional support, and resources to one another or to those in need. It is not limited to formal organizations or professional healthcare teams, but rather encompasses the collective support and care that individuals offer within their social circles or communities.

Holism refers to the approach of providing care to a person considering their physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual well-being. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of these aspects and recognizes that addressing one aspect can have an impact on the others. By adopting a holistic approach, healthcare providers aim to provide comprehensive care that takes into account the individual's unique needs and experiences. This approach recognizes that individuals are more than just their physical bodies and that their overall health and well-being are influenced by various factors.

The correct answer is Environmental. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines environmental health as all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person and all the related factors impacting behaviors. This includes factors such as air and water quality, exposure to pollutants, and the built environment. Environmental health focuses on how these external factors can affect human health and wellbeing.

The five dimensions of health are physical health, emotional health, social health, cognitive health, and spiritual health. Physical health refers to the overall well-being of the body, including fitness, nutrition, and disease prevention. Emotional health relates to the ability to manage and express emotions in a healthy way. Social health involves maintaining positive relationships and connections with others. Cognitive health refers to mental processes such as learning, memory, and problem-solving. Spiritual health encompasses beliefs, values, and a sense of purpose or meaning in life. Financial health, religious health, and other dimensions mentioned in the question are not considered as the five dimensions of health.

Choosing athletes for a team can be seen as a form of discrimination against those who are not chosen because it involves selecting certain individuals based on their skills, abilities, and qualifications while excluding others. This selection process can lead to feelings of exclusion and inequality among those who are not selected, thus demonstrating discrimination.

People's responses to illness and disability vary. This means that individuals react differently when faced with illness or disability. Some may feel depressed, while others may be in denial. It is incorrect to assume that almost all people with illnesses or disabilities are depressed or in denial, as their responses can differ greatly.

The regular use of seatbelts is the factor that best contributes to good physical health. Seatbelts are designed to protect individuals in the event of a car accident by restraining them and preventing them from being thrown forward. By wearing seatbelts, individuals can significantly reduce the risk of severe injuries or even death. Therefore, regularly using seatbelts is crucial for maintaining good physical health and ensuring safety while traveling in a vehicle.

In the 1800s, good health was believed to be the absence of disease. During this time, medical knowledge and understanding were limited, and the focus was primarily on preventing and treating illnesses. The concept of well-being in all dimensions of life, optimal wellness, and physical, emotional, and social well-being were not widely recognized or understood at that time. The prevailing belief was that as long as a person was free from illness, they were considered to be in good health.

A holistic approach to health takes into account the whole person, considering not only their physical health but also their mental, emotional, and social well-being. It recognizes that health is influenced by various factors and seeks to address all aspects of a person's life to promote overall well-being. This approach emphasizes the interconnectedness of different aspects of health and aims to provide comprehensive care that addresses the individual as a whole.

The term "prognosis" refers to the expected course of recovery based on the usual outcome of an illness. It involves predicting the likely outcome of the illness, including the chances of recovery, potential complications, and the overall outlook for the patient. Therefore, "prognosis" is the correct answer as it directly relates to the expected course of recovery based on the usual outcome of the illness.

Biology and genetic endowment are one of the key determinants of health because they influence an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases, their physical characteristics, and their overall health status. Genetic factors can play a significant role in determining a person's risk for developing certain conditions, such as heart disease or cancer. Additionally, biological factors such as age, sex, and hormonal changes can also impact an individual's health. Understanding and addressing these biological and genetic factors is essential in promoting and maintaining good health.

The correct answer is "Complete physical, mental and social well-being, Well-being in all dimensions of one's life, Not just the absence of disease or infirmity." This answer reflects the definition of health as provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to the WHO, health is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, but it encompasses a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. It emphasizes the importance of well-being in all aspects of one's life, not just the absence of illness.

Optimal health is not a change or loss associated with illness and disability because it refers to the state of being in good physical and mental condition. Illness and disability may affect various aspects of a person's life, such as sexual function, work life, and self-image, but they do not necessarily imply a complete loss of optimal health.

Language can convey negative or demeaning images of people, especially those who have disabilities. The words and phrases we choose to use can perpetuate stereotypes and reinforce discrimination. By using derogatory language or terms that belittle individuals with disabilities, we contribute to a harmful and exclusionary environment. It is important to be mindful of the language we use and strive for inclusive and respectful communication.

Common reactions to illness or disability can include fear and anxiety, as individuals may be worried about their health and uncertain about the future. Sadness and grief are also common emotions, as individuals may mourn the loss of their previous abilities or the impact that the illness or disability has on their life. Depression can also occur, as individuals may experience feelings of hopelessness or a loss of interest in activities. Denial is another common reaction, as individuals may struggle to accept their illness or disability. Finally, anger can arise as individuals may feel frustrated or resentful towards their situation.

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A social support system refers to an informal group of people who provide assistance and emotional support to one another. It is not a formal group, as mentioned in the question. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

The factors listed in the answer all contribute to a person's experience of illness or disability. The nature of the illness or condition can greatly impact the individual's physical and emotional well-being. Age and level of physical fitness also play a role in how a person copes with illness or disability. The amount of pain and discomfort experienced can greatly affect their quality of life. The prognosis, or expected outcome of the illness, can also influence their experience. Additionally, emotional, social, cognitive, and spiritual health, as well as personality and ability to cope with difficulties, culture, and the presence or absence of emotional, social, and financial support, all contribute to how a person experiences illness or disability.

A person's culture can influence health by causing poor working conditions. This is because certain cultural beliefs or practices may prioritize productivity over the well-being of individuals, leading to unsafe or unhealthy working conditions. For example, in some cultures, long working hours or lack of breaks may be considered normal or even expected, which can negatively impact a person's physical and mental health. Additionally, cultural norms regarding gender roles or discrimination may also contribute to unequal access to safe and healthy working environments.

Illness and disability can bring about various changes and losses in a person's life. These include changes in routine, work life, and family life, as the individual may need to adjust their daily activities and responsibilities. There may also be changes in sexual function, as certain conditions can affect a person's physical abilities or desire. Additionally, there can be a loss of independence and dignity, as the individual may require assistance or accommodations to carry out daily tasks. These changes can also impact one's self-image and result in a loss of intellect, as some conditions may affect cognitive abilities.

Factors that contribute to physical health include following a nutritious diet, exercising regularly, living in a smoke-free environment, drinking alcohol moderately or not at all, having a good night's sleep, following safety practices, and seeking medical attention when needed. These factors promote overall well-being, maintain a healthy weight, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, improve cardiovascular health, boost the immune system, and ensure proper rest and recovery for the body. Additionally, practicing safe sex at all times can also contribute to physical health by preventing the transmission of sexually transmitted infections.