Immunology Quizzes Online & Trivia

Which of the following is NOT a structural chain in class I MHC? A. Alpha1 B. Alpha2 C. Alpha3 D. Beta1 E. Beta2

2 E,2 B 5C 6A 7D 8B 9E 10 D 11B 12B

B cells recognize certain antigens (through B cell receptor) and mature and develop into specialized forms that produce any of the five classes of immhuoglobulins capable of rapid & efficient neutralization of antigens.T cells also recognize certain antigens (through T cell receptor) in association with certain molecules and respond to antigens by releasing chemical substances that promote protective biological processes.T cells also over help to B cells.

Correct answer is option E Class III MHC genes have immune related functions. These genes encode for some complement proteins, cytokines and heat shock proteins. The MHC class III genes have the highest gene density but some of the genes are not involve in the immune systems. Class I MHC molecules are found on all nucleated cells in the body and the bind to CD 8+ T cells. The MHC I gene encodes for CD 8+ T cells. Class II MHC molecules are found on antigen presenting cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells. These cells bind to CD 4+ T cells. The MHC II gene encodes for CD4+ T cells.

Macrophages are the type of Antigen Presenting Cells (APC) that are critical in the uptake and presentation of antigen to T cells. APC are specialized cells that show the antigen complex on their surfaces with major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). Macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells are termed “professional APC” as they present antigen to helper T cells. Macrophages are stimulated by interferon-gamma, which is secreted by T cell. This, in turn, causes the expression of MHC class II on the surface of macrophages and the secretion of many costimulatory molecules. Macrophages can engulf and phagocytose fragments of antigen and present them to helper T cells.

The C5 convertase in classical pathway of complement is C4b2a3b notC4b2b3b

Release of histamine and other mediators is supposed to be the correct answer.

The answer to this is D. There are moments when this should be thoroughly checked especially if it would be used for those who would get donors. For example, one person might be getting a kidney and it would seem that they are a good match but through testing, it would show that the two antigens do not match. The more that the antigens are not matching with each other, the higher the risk of placing that organ in a person. The body will most likely reject and attack the organ. It may end up with the organ not functioning as well as it should.

The major antibody class elicited during the primary immune response is immunoglobulin M, (IgM). IgM is the secondary response happens when an antigen comes in contact with the immune system for the first time. During this period of time, the immune system has to learn to recognize the antigen and how to make an antibody against and eventually produce memory lymphocytes. The secondary immune response occurs when the second time the person is exposed to the same antigen. Immunological memory is established, and the immune system can produce antibodies.

1. Surface membrane immunoglobulins are present on B cells.

The Bence-Jones protein is similar to L-chains. When you check this out, this is actually the way that it looks like. This is something that can be found in the urine that will determine if the person has multiple myeloma. Those who have this condition can get abnormal amounts of Bence-Jones protein in their urine. Take note that multiple myeloma is a condition that is considered to be treatable but this is not a curable type of cancer. There are different therapies that can be done in order to treat it but there is no guarantee that it will ever go away. There are some who are able to live longer due to chemotherapy and stem cell therapy.

The correct answer to this question is E (drugs A and C). Dose-response data are typically graphed with the dose or dose function on the x-axis and the measured effect on the y-axis. Because a drug effect is a function of dose and time, such a graph depicts the dose-response relationship independent of time. Measured effects are frequently recorded as maxima at time of peak effect or under steady-state conditions. Drug effects may be quantified at the level of molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, or organism. Graphing dose-response curves of drugs studied under identical conditions can help compare the pharmacologic profiles of the drugs.