Drugs That Affect Autonomic Nervous System! Trivia Quiz

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    Pregangleonic neurons use:

    • Acetylcholine
    • Phenoxybenzamine
    • Epineherine
    • Norepinepherine
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About This Quiz

The autonomic nervous system is a control system that is charged with the fight or flight mechanism or the body. This system is in charge of regulating involuntary body functions. How much do you understand how this system meets its functions? Take up the question below and get to see if you may need more revision time. All the best!

Drugs That Affect Autonomic Nervous System! Trivia Quiz - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Adrenergic receptors are associated with...

    • Acetylcholine

    • Sympathetic Division

    • Parasympathetic Division

    • Pregangleonic Neurons

    Correct Answer
    A. Sympathetic Division
    Explanation
    Adrenergic receptors are associated with the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic division is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, which prepares the body for intense physical activity or stress. Adrenergic receptors are activated by the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, which is released by sympathetic neurons. These receptors play a role in increasing heart rate, constricting blood vessels, and mobilizing energy stores, among other effects. Therefore, the correct answer is the sympathetic division.

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  • 3. 

    TRUE or FALSE: Nicotinic receptors are found in autonomic ganglia, Neuromuscular junction and the adrenal medulla.

    • TRUE

    • FALSE

    Correct Answer
    A. TRUE
    Explanation
    Nicotinic receptors are indeed found in autonomic ganglia, neuromuscular junctions, and the adrenal medulla. These receptors are a type of cholinergic receptor that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. In autonomic ganglia, nicotinic receptors mediate the transmission of signals between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons. At the neuromuscular junction, they are responsible for the transmission of signals from motor neurons to skeletal muscles. In the adrenal medulla, nicotinic receptors play a role in the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Therefore, the statement is true.

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  • 4. 

    What receptor/s do Labetolol and Carvedilol act on?

    • Muscarinic Receptors

    • Alpha and Beta Receptors

    • Nicotinic Receptors

    • Muscarinic and Adrenergic Receptors

    Correct Answer
    A. Alpha and Beta Receptors
    Explanation
    Labetolol and Carvedilol are both non-selective beta blockers with additional alpha-blocking activity. This means that they act on both alpha and beta receptors. By blocking these receptors, they reduce the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline, leading to a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. This makes them effective in treating conditions such as hypertension and heart failure.

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  • 5. 

    Postgangleonic neurons consist of 2 divisions. What are they?

    • Cholinergic & Sympathetic Divisions

    • Sympathetic & Parasympathetic Divisions

    • Cholinergic & Autonomic Divisions

    • Parasympathetic & Adrenergic Divisions

    Correct Answer
    A. Sympathetic & Parasympathetic Divisions
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Sympathetic & Parasympathetic Divisions. Postganglionic neurons are part of the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions. The autonomic nervous system is divided into two main divisions: the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division. The sympathetic division is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, while the parasympathetic division is responsible for the "rest and digest" response. Therefore, the correct answer is Sympathetic & Parasympathetic Divisions.

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  • 6. 

    TRUE or FALSE: Ephedrine stimulates the release of norepinepherine

    • TRUE

    • FALSE

    Correct Answer
    A. TRUE
    Explanation
    Ephedrine is a medication that acts as a sympathomimetic agent, meaning it stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. One of the effects of this stimulation is the release of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter and hormone involved in the body's stress response. Therefore, it can be concluded that ephedrine does indeed stimulate the release of norepinephrine, making the answer TRUE.

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  • 7. 

    What is Pilocarpine used to treat?

    • Urinary retention

    • Glaucoma

    • Tachycardia

    • Asthma

    Correct Answer
    A. Glaucoma
    Explanation
    Pilocarpine is a medication commonly used to treat glaucoma. Glaucoma is a condition that causes increased pressure in the eye, which can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. Pilocarpine works by reducing the pressure in the eye and improving the flow of fluid out of the eye, thus helping to manage and prevent further damage caused by glaucoma. It is not used to treat urinary retention, tachycardia, or asthma.

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  • 8. 

    What type of drug is Atropine?

    • Adrenergic Agonist

    • Cholinergic Antagonist

    • Adrenergic Antagonist

    • Cholinergic Agonist

    Correct Answer
    A. Cholinergic Antagonist
    Explanation
    Atropine is classified as a cholinergic antagonist because it blocks the actions of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at cholinergic receptors. It inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to an increase in heart rate, dilation of pupils, and relaxation of smooth muscles. It is commonly used to treat bradycardia, dilate pupils during eye exams, and reduce secretions during surgery.

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  • 9. 

    What receptor/s does Propranolol act on?

    • Beta 1 & 2

    • Alpha 1 & 2

    • Beta 2 & 3

    • Alpha 1 & Beta 2

    Correct Answer
    A. Beta 1 & 2
    Explanation
    Propranolol acts on both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors. Beta 1 receptors are predominantly found in the heart and are responsible for increasing heart rate and contractility. Beta 2 receptors are mainly located in the smooth muscles of the bronchi, blood vessels, and uterus, and their activation causes relaxation and dilation. Propranolol's blockade of these receptors leads to a decrease in heart rate and contractility, as well as constriction of blood vessels and bronchial smooth muscles.

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  • 10. 

    How many muscarinic receptor types are there?

    • 7

    • 4

    • 6

    • 5

    Correct Answer
    A. 5
    Explanation
    There are five muscarinic receptor types.

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  • 11. 

    What does the beta 1 effect produce?

    • Decrease in force of contraction of the heart

    • Increase in force of contraction of the heart

    • Bronchoconstriction

    • Relaxation of Smooth Muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. Increase in force of contraction of the heart
    Explanation
    The beta 1 effect refers to the stimulation of beta 1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. When these receptors are activated, it leads to an increase in the force of contraction of the heart. This means that the heart muscle contracts more forcefully, resulting in a stronger heartbeat. This effect is important in increasing cardiac output and maintaining adequate blood flow throughout the body.

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  • 12. 

    TRUE or FALSE: Epinepherine produces the alpha 1 and beta 1/2 effects

    • TRUE

    • FALSE

    Correct Answer
    A. TRUE
    Explanation
    Epinephrine is a hormone and neurotransmitter that can bind to both alpha 1 and beta 1/2 adrenergic receptors. When it binds to alpha 1 receptors, it produces vasoconstriction, which leads to increased blood pressure. When it binds to beta 1 receptors, it increases heart rate and contractility, while binding to beta 2 receptors causes bronchodilation and relaxation of smooth muscles in blood vessels. Therefore, it is correct to say that epinephrine produces both the alpha 1 and beta 1/2 effects.

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  • 13. 

    What receptors are involved in the Parasympathetic division?

    • Adrenergic Receptors

    • Ligand Gated Receptors

    • Cholinergic Receptors

    • Norepinepherine Receptors

    Correct Answer
    A. Cholinergic Receptors
    Explanation
    The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily involved in rest and digest activities. Cholinergic receptors are the receptors involved in this division. These receptors are activated by acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter released by the parasympathetic nerves. Activation of cholinergic receptors leads to various responses such as slowing of heart rate, constriction of pupils, and increased digestive activity. Adrenergic receptors, on the other hand, are involved in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. They are activated by norepinephrine, which is released by sympathetic nerves.

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  • 14. 

    What does the alpha 1 effect produce?

    • Bronchodilation

    • Vasodilation

    • Vasoconstriction

    • Smooth Muscle Relaxation

    Correct Answer
    A. Vasoconstriction
    Explanation
    The alpha 1 effect produces vasoconstriction. This means that it causes the blood vessels to constrict or narrow, leading to an increase in blood pressure. Vasoconstriction is a normal physiological response that can occur in various situations, such as during stress or to regulate blood flow to certain organs.

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  • 15. 

    TRUE or FALSE: Phentolamine is a reversible drug.

    • TRUE

    • FALSE

    Correct Answer
    A. TRUE
    Explanation
    Phentolamine is a reversible drug because it acts as a competitive antagonist at alpha-adrenergic receptors, meaning it can bind to these receptors and block the effects of other substances that would normally activate them. This blockade is reversible, as the drug can be displaced from the receptor, allowing normal receptor function to resume.

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  • 16. 

    What receptor/s do the following drugs act on?PrazosinTerazosinDoxazosinTamusulosin

    • Alpha 1

    • Beta 1

    • Alpha 1 & Beta 1

    • Beta 2 & Alpha 1

    Correct Answer
    A. Alpha 1
    Explanation
    The given drugs, Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin, and Tamusulosin, act on the Alpha 1 receptors. These receptors are found in various tissues and organs, including blood vessels and smooth muscles of the prostate gland and bladder. By blocking the Alpha 1 receptors, these drugs help relax the smooth muscles, leading to vasodilation and improved urine flow in the case of Tamusulosin. Therefore, the correct answer is Alpha 1.

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  • 17. 

    Where are Muscarinic 2 receptors found?

    • GIT

    • Myocardium

    • Pancreas

    • Liver

    Correct Answer
    A. Myocardium
    Explanation
    Muscarinic 2 receptors are found in the myocardium. These receptors are a subtype of muscarinic receptors, which are part of the parasympathetic nervous system. The myocardium refers to the muscular tissue of the heart. Activation of muscarinic 2 receptors in the myocardium leads to a decrease in heart rate and contractility, as well as other effects such as vasodilation. Therefore, the presence of muscarinic 2 receptors in the myocardium allows for regulation of cardiac function by the parasympathetic nervous system.

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  • 18. 

    Epinepherine is what type of drug?

    • Cholinergic agonist

    • Non-selective adrenergic agonist

    • Alpha agonist

    • Indirect acting cholinergic antagonist

    Correct Answer
    A. Non-selective adrenergic agonist
    Explanation
    Epinephrine is classified as a non-selective adrenergic agonist because it acts on both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. It stimulates these receptors, leading to various physiological responses such as increased heart rate, bronchodilation, and vasoconstriction. Its non-selective nature means that it binds to and activates both alpha and beta receptors, producing a wide range of effects throughout the body.

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  • 19. 

    What type of drug is norepinepherine?

    • Alpha selective agonist

    • Non-selective adrenergic agonist

    • Beta selective agonist

    • Cholinergic antagonist

    Correct Answer
    A. Non-selective adrenergic agonist
    Explanation
    Norepinephrine is classified as a non-selective adrenergic agonist. This means that it activates both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors in the body. Adrenergic agonists mimic the effects of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, which is involved in the "fight or flight" response. As a non-selective agonist, norepinephrine can have a wide range of effects on various organs and tissues that have alpha and beta receptors.

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  • 20. 

    Clonidine is what type of drug?

    • Alpha agonist

    • Beta Agonist

    • Muscarinic Antagonist

    • Nicotinic Agonist

    Correct Answer
    A. Alpha agonist
    Explanation
    Clonidine is classified as an alpha agonist because it acts on alpha receptors in the body. Alpha agonists stimulate these receptors, leading to various effects such as reduced blood pressure and decreased sympathetic nervous system activity. Clonidine specifically targets alpha-2 receptors, resulting in the inhibition of norepinephrine release, which ultimately leads to its antihypertensive and sedative effects.

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  • 21. 

    What type of drug is Propranolol?

    • Adrenergic Agonist

    • Non-selective Cholinergic Antagonist

    • Non-selective Adrenergic Antagonist

    • Cholinergic Agonist

    Correct Answer
    A. Non-selective Adrenergic Antagonist
    Explanation
    Propranolol is classified as a non-selective adrenergic antagonist. This means that it blocks the effects of adrenaline and other stress hormones on both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. By doing so, it reduces heart rate and blood pressure, making it useful in the treatment of conditions such as hypertension, angina, and certain cardiac arrhythmias. Propranolol does not have any cholinergic agonist or antagonist properties, making those options incorrect.

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  • 22. 

    What type of drugs are the following?AtenololMetroprololEsmolol

    • Non-selective Adrenergic Antagonists

    • Beta Selective Antagonists

    • Alpha Agonists

    • Non-selective Adrenergic Agonists

    Correct Answer
    A. Beta Selective Antagonists
    Explanation
    Atenolol, Metroprolol, and Esmolol are all beta selective antagonists. These drugs specifically block the beta receptors in the body, which are responsible for the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline. By blocking these receptors, beta selective antagonists reduce the heart rate, lower blood pressure, and decrease the workload on the heart. They are commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias.

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  • 23. 

    What type of drugs are Labetolol and Carvedilol?

    • Non-selective Adrenergic Agonists

    • Non-selective Cholinergic Antagonists

    • Non-selective Adrenergic Antagonists

    • Non-selective Cholinergic Agonists

    Correct Answer
    A. Non-selective Adrenergic Antagonists
    Explanation
    Labetolol and Carvedilol are classified as non-selective adrenergic antagonists. This means that they block the action of adrenergic receptors, which are responsible for the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline. By blocking these receptors, Labetolol and Carvedilol reduce the effects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation, resulting in decreased heart rate and blood pressure. They are commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension and heart failure.

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  • 24. 

    TRUE or FALSE: Guanethidine blocks the release of norepinepherine.

    • TRUE

    • FALSE

    Correct Answer
    A. TRUE
    Explanation
    Guanethidine is a medication that blocks the release of norepinephrine from nerve endings. This action helps to lower blood pressure by preventing the release of this neurotransmitter, which is involved in regulating blood vessel constriction. Therefore, the statement that guanethidine blocks the release of norepinephrine is true.

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  • 25. 

    What type of drugs are Timolol and Nadolol?

    • Non-selective Adrenergic Agonists

    • Cholinergic Agonists

    • Non-selective Cholinergic Agonists

    • Non-selective Adrenergic Antagonists

    Correct Answer
    A. Non-selective Adrenergic Antagonists
    Explanation
    Timolol and Nadolol are both non-selective adrenergic antagonists. This means that they block the action of adrenergic receptors, specifically the beta-adrenergic receptors. By blocking these receptors, they reduce the effects of adrenaline and other adrenergic neurotransmitters, leading to a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. Non-selective adrenergic antagonists are commonly used in the treatment of conditions such as hypertension, angina, and glaucoma.

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  • 26. 

    What type of drug is Scopolamine?

    • Cholinergic Antagonist

    • Anticholinesterase

    • Adrenergic Agonist

    • Organophosphorous Anticholinesterase

    Correct Answer
    A. Cholinergic Antagonist
    Explanation
    Scopolamine is classified as a cholinergic antagonist. Cholinergic antagonists block the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in various bodily functions including muscle contractions, heart rate, and cognition. By inhibiting the effects of acetylcholine, scopolamine can produce a range of effects such as reducing saliva and mucus production, dilating pupils, and causing sedation. This classification is based on the drug's mechanism of action and its ability to block the cholinergic receptors in the body.

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  • 27. 

    TRUE or FALSE: Nicotine, Hexamethonium and Trimethaphan compete with ACh at parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia.

    • TRUE

    • FALSE

    Correct Answer
    A. TRUE
    Explanation
    Nicotine, Hexamethonium, and Trimethaphan are all known to compete with acetylcholine (ACh) at both parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia. This means that they can bind to the same receptors as ACh and interfere with its normal function. As a result, they can affect the transmission of signals in both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, the statement that Nicotine, Hexamethonium, and Trimethaphan compete with ACh at parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia is true.

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  • 28. 

    The 2 types of cholinergic receptors are:

    • Nicotinic and Alpha 1

    • Beta 3 and Muscarinic

    • Muscarinic and Epinepherine

    • G-protein coupled and Ligand Gated

    Correct Answer
    A. G-protein coupled and Ligand Gated
    Explanation
    The correct answer is G-protein coupled and Ligand Gated. Cholinergic receptors are classified into two types based on their mechanism of action. G-protein coupled receptors are a type of cell surface receptor that activate intracellular signaling pathways through interaction with G-proteins. Ligand-gated ion channels, on the other hand, are ion channels that open or close in response to binding of a specific neurotransmitter or ligand. Cholinergic receptors can be found in both types, with different subtypes of receptors exhibiting different properties and functions.

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  • 29. 

    What type of drug is Dopamine?

    • Non-selective Adrenergic Agonist

    • Beta selective agonist

    • Muscarinic Antagonist

    • Nicotinic Agonist

    Correct Answer
    A. Non-selective Adrenergic Agonist
    Explanation
    Dopamine is a neurotransmitter and a catecholamine that acts as a non-selective adrenergic agonist. It stimulates both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, resulting in various physiological effects such as increased heart rate, vasoconstriction, and increased blood pressure. Dopamine is commonly used in medical settings to treat conditions such as low blood pressure and heart failure.

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  • 30. 

    What receptor/s does Isoproterenol act on?

    • Beta 2 & 3

    • Alpha 1

    • Beta 1 & 2

    • Alpha 1 & 2

    Correct Answer
    A. Beta 1 & 2
    Explanation
    Isoproterenol acts on beta 1 and beta 2 receptors. Beta 1 receptors are primarily found in the heart and are responsible for increasing heart rate and contractility. Beta 2 receptors are found in the smooth muscles of the bronchi, blood vessels, and uterus, and their activation leads to relaxation of these muscles. Therefore, Isoproterenol's action on both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors results in increased heart rate and contractility, as well as relaxation of bronchial and vascular smooth muscles.

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  • 31. 

    What receptor/s do Albuterol and Metaproterenol act on?

    • Beta 2

    • Alpha 1

    • Alpha 2

    • Beta 3 & 2

    Correct Answer
    A. Beta 2
    Explanation
    Albuterol and Metaproterenol act on the Beta 2 receptors. These receptors are found in the smooth muscles of the bronchioles in the lungs. Activation of the Beta 2 receptors causes relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscles, leading to bronchodilation and improved airflow in conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). By specifically targeting the Beta 2 receptors, Albuterol and Metaproterenol help to relieve bronchoconstriction and alleviate respiratory symptoms.

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  • 32. 

    What type of drug is Bethanechol?

    • Adrenergic Agonist

    • Cholinergic Antagonist

    • Adrenergic Antagonist

    • Cholinergic Agonist

    Correct Answer
    A. Cholinergic Agonist
    Explanation
    Bethanechol is classified as a cholinergic agonist. This means that it stimulates the cholinergic receptors in the body, specifically the muscarinic receptors, leading to increased cholinergic activity. Cholinergic agonists mimic the effects of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that is involved in various bodily functions such as muscle contraction, regulation of heart rate, digestion, and bladder control. Bethanechol is commonly used to treat urinary retention by promoting bladder emptying through the activation of cholinergic receptors in the bladder.

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  • 33. 

    What type of drug is Pilocarpine?

    • Cholinergic Antagonist

    • Adrenergic Agonist

    • Cholinergic Agonist

    • Adrenergic Antagonist

    Correct Answer
    A. Cholinergic Agonist
    Explanation
    Pilocarpine is classified as a cholinergic agonist. Cholinergic agonists are drugs that mimic the effects of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in the nervous system. Pilocarpine specifically activates cholinergic receptors, leading to increased stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. This can result in various effects such as increased salivation, sweating, and constriction of the pupils.

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  • 34. 

    Many cholinergic agonist drugs have adverse affects which can be remembered as 'DUMBELS'; What does the 'DUM" stand for? There may be more than one correct answer.

    • Diarrhoea

    • Urination

    • Miosis (contraction of pupil)

    • Uptake of Iron

    • Drooling

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Diarrhoea
    A. Urination
    A. Miosis (contraction of pupil)
    Explanation
    The 'DUM' in 'DUMBELS' stands for Diarrhoea, Urination, and Miosis (contraction of pupil). These are adverse effects commonly associated with cholinergic agonist drugs. Cholinergic agonists stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to increased gastrointestinal motility and secretion, increased bladder contraction and urination, and constriction of the pupil. These effects can be remembered using the acronym 'DUMBELS'.

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  • 35. 

    What are Phenylepherine and Methoxamine most commonly used to treat?

    • Nasal congestion

    • Hypertension

    • Blurred Vision

    • Constipation

    Correct Answer
    A. Nasal congestion
    Explanation
    Phenylephrine and Methoxamine are most commonly used to treat nasal congestion. These medications work by constricting the blood vessels in the nasal passages, reducing swelling and congestion. They are often found in over-the-counter decongestant medications and can provide temporary relief from symptoms such as a stuffy or runny nose.

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  • 36. 

    TRUE or FALSE: Phenoxybenzamine is an irreversible drug.

    • TRUE

    • FALSE

    Correct Answer
    A. TRUE
    Explanation
    Phenoxybenzamine is an irreversible drug because it forms a covalent bond with its target receptor, resulting in a long-lasting effect. Once the drug binds to the receptor, it cannot be easily reversed or removed, leading to a prolonged pharmacological action. This characteristic distinguishes it from reversible drugs, which can bind and unbind from their target receptors more readily.

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  • 37. 

    TRUE or FALSE: Neostigmine has poor oral absorption and CNS action is absent.

    • TRUE

    • FALSE

    Correct Answer
    A. TRUE
    Explanation
    Neostigmine is a medication used to treat myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disorder. It is administered through injection or intravenous infusion because it has poor oral absorption. Additionally, neostigmine does not have any significant central nervous system (CNS) action. Therefore, the statement that neostigmine has poor oral absorption and CNS action is absent is true.

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  • 38. 

    Epinepherine treats what?

    • Cancer

    • Bronchospasm

    • Urinary Retention

    • Hypertesion

    Correct Answer
    A. Bronchospasm
    Explanation
    Epinephrine is a medication commonly used to treat bronchospasm, a condition characterized by the constriction of the airways in the lungs. It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, allowing for easier breathing. Epinephrine is often used in the treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory conditions. It is not used to treat cancer, urinary retention, or hypertension.

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  • 39. 

    What receptor/s do Phenylepherine and Methoxamine act on?

    • Alpha 1 ONLY

    • Beta 2 ONLY

    • Alpha 1 & Beta 3

    • Alpha 1 & Beta 2

    Correct Answer
    A. Alpha 1 ONLY
    Explanation
    Phenylephrine and Methoxamine act on the Alpha 1 receptors only. These receptors are found in various tissues, including blood vessels and smooth muscles. Activation of the Alpha 1 receptors leads to vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure. Therefore, these drugs are commonly used as nasal decongestants and to treat low blood pressure. They do not act on Beta 2 or Beta 3 receptors, which have different functions in the body.

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  • 40. 

    Carbachol is what type of drug?

    • Adrenergic Agonist

    • Adrenergic Antagonist

    • Cholinergic Antagonist

    • Cholinergic Agonist

    Correct Answer
    A. Cholinergic Agonist
    Explanation
    Carbachol is classified as a cholinergic agonist because it acts by stimulating cholinergic receptors. Cholinergic agonists mimic the action of acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting signals in the parasympathetic nervous system. Carbachol specifically activates both muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors, leading to various physiological effects such as increased smooth muscle contraction and decreased heart rate.

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  • 41. 

    Norepinepherine produces...

    • Vasodilation

    • Vasoconstriction

    • Hypotension

    • Shock

    Correct Answer
    A. Vasoconstriction
    Explanation
    Norepinephrine produces vasoconstriction. This means that it causes the blood vessels to constrict or narrow, leading to a decrease in the diameter of the blood vessels. This constriction increases the resistance to blood flow, which in turn increases blood pressure. Vasoconstriction is an important physiological response that helps regulate blood pressure and maintain adequate blood flow to vital organs.

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  • 42. 

    What receptor/s does Phentolamine act on?

    • Alpha 1

    • Alpha 1 & 2

    • Beta 3

    • Beta 3 & 1

    Correct Answer
    A. Alpha 1 & 2
    Explanation
    Phentolamine acts on both alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors. Alpha 1 receptors are found in smooth muscle, including blood vessels, and their activation causes vasoconstriction. Alpha 2 receptors are also found in smooth muscle, but their activation leads to vasodilation. Phentolamine blocks both types of receptors, resulting in vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.

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  • 43. 

    What type of drug is Dobutamine?

    • Cholinergic Agonist

    • Cholinergic Antagonist

    • Beat agonist

    • Alpha antagonist

    Correct Answer
    A. Beat agonist
    Explanation
    Dobutamine is classified as a beta agonist. Beta agonists are drugs that stimulate beta adrenergic receptors, which are present in various tissues and organs throughout the body. Dobutamine specifically targets beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, leading to increased heart rate and contractility. This drug is commonly used in medical settings to improve cardiac output in conditions such as heart failure or during certain surgical procedures.

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  • 44. 

    What effect does Dobutamine produce?

    • Negative chronotropic and inotropic effects

    • Decrease lacrimal secretions

    • Increase Gastric secretions

    • Positive chronotropic and inotropic effects

    Correct Answer
    A. Positive chronotropic and inotropic effects
    Explanation
    Dobutamine produces positive chronotropic and inotropic effects. This means that it increases the heart rate (chronotropic effect) and strengthens the force of the heart's contractions (inotropic effect). This can be beneficial in certain medical conditions where the heart is not pumping effectively, such as heart failure or cardiogenic shock. Dobutamine helps to improve cardiac output and increase blood flow to the body's tissues.

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  • 45. 

    What type of drug is Methacholine?

    • Cholinergic Agonist

    • Adrenergic Agonist

    • Cholinergic Antagonist

    • Cholinergic Antagonist

    Correct Answer
    A. Cholinergic Agonist
    Explanation
    Methacholine is classified as a cholinergic agonist. Cholinergic agonists are drugs that mimic the effects of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that activates cholinergic receptors in the body. Methacholine specifically stimulates muscarinic receptors, which are found in smooth muscle tissues of the airways. By activating these receptors, methacholine causes bronchoconstriction, making it useful in diagnostic tests for asthma. Cholinergic agonists are also used in the treatment of certain conditions such as urinary retention and gastrointestinal disorders.

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  • 46. 

    What type of drug are Parathion and Malathion?

    • Anticholinesterases

    • Adrenergic Agonists

    • Oragnophosphorous Anticholinesterases

    • Cholinergic Agonists

    Correct Answer
    A. Oragnophosphorous Anticholinesterases
    Explanation
    Parathion and Malathion are classified as Organophosphorous Anticholinesterases. These drugs inhibit the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. By inhibiting this enzyme, Parathion and Malathion increase the levels of acetylcholine in the body, leading to excessive stimulation of cholinergic receptors. This can result in a range of effects, including muscle spasms, respiratory distress, and even paralysis. Therefore, the correct answer is Organophosphorous Anticholinesterases.

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  • 47. 

    What type of drug are the following:TubocurarinePancuroniumAtracurium

    • Cholinergic Antagonists

    • Adrenergic Agonists

    • Cholinergic Agonists

    • Adrenergic Antagonists

    Correct Answer
    A. Cholinergic Antagonists
    Explanation
    Tubocurarine, Pancuronium, and Atracurium are all examples of neuromuscular blocking agents, which are used to induce muscle relaxation during surgery. These drugs work by blocking the action of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, which prevents muscle contraction. Therefore, they are classified as cholinergic antagonists.

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  • 48. 

    Where are Muscarinic receptors found?

    • Liver

    • Smooth Muscle

    • Autonomic Ganglia

    • Neuromuscular Junction

    Correct Answer
    A. Smooth Muscle
    Explanation
    Muscarinic receptors are found in smooth muscle. Muscarinic receptors are a type of acetylcholine receptor that is activated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. These receptors are primarily located in smooth muscle tissues, which are found in various organs such as the digestive system, respiratory system, and urinary system. Activation of muscarinic receptors in smooth muscle leads to smooth muscle contraction, which plays a crucial role in various physiological processes such as digestion, respiration, and bladder control.

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  • 49. 

    What receptor does Clonidine act on?

    • Alpha 1

    • Alpha 2

    • Beta 2

    • Beta 1

    Correct Answer
    A. Alpha 2
    Explanation
    Clonidine acts on the Alpha 2 receptor.

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Amanda Nwachukwu |Pharm(D) |
Clinical Pharmacist
Amanda Nwachukwu, holding a Doctorate in Pharmacy from Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, adeptly simplifies complex medical concepts into accessible content. With clinical proficiency, she ensures optimal patient care, while her adept medical writing skills facilitate comprehension and accessibility of healthcare information.

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  • Jul 16, 2024
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