Chapter 5: Defining, Measuring, & Managing Stress
- 1.The peripheral nervous system is divided into two parts:
- A.
The afferent & efferent branches
- B.
The spinal cord & brain
- C.
The spinal cord and parasympathetic nervous system
- D.
The somatic and autonomic nervous systems
- 2.Activation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system produces ___ in heart rate, and activation of the parasympathetic division produces ___.
- A.
Increases...additional increases in heart rate
- B.
Increases...decreases in heart rate
- C.
Decreases...increases in blood pressure
- D.
Decreases...additional decresases in heart rate
- 3.The two principal neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are
- A.
Serotonin and dopamine
- B.
Acetylcholine and norepinephrine
- C.
Epinephrine and dopamine
- D.
The same as the principle neurotransmitters of the central nervous system
- 4.The endocrine system consists of
- A.
A system of ductless glands within the brain & spinal cord
- B.
A system of ducted glands in the digestive system
- C.
A system of both ducted and ductless glands oriented towards reproduction
- D.
A system of ductless glands distributed throughout the body
- 5.Which chemical substances of the endocrine system serve functions similar to the neurotransmitters of the nervous system?
- A.
Lymph nodes
- B.
Hormones
- C.
Arterioles
- D.
Efferents
- 6.The adrenal glands are an important part of the ___ system.
- A.
Cardiovascular
- B.
Nervous
- C.
Endocrine
- D.
Digestive
- 7.During periods of extreme stress, the ___ helps mobilize the body's resources for the "fight or flight" response.
- A.
Somatic nervous system
- B.
Sympathetic nervous system
- C.
Parasympathetic nervous system
- D.
Digestive system
- 8.The person(s) who proposed the view of stress as a nonspecific response was
- A.
Selye
- B.
Lazarus
- C.
Meichenbaum
- D.
Dohrenwend
- 9.Which of these is NOT a stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome?
- A.
Resistance stage
- B.
Illness stage
- C.
Exhaustion stage
- D.
Alarm stage
- 10.One criticism of Selye's theory of stress is that it emphasizes the ___ factors but largely ignores the influence of ___ factors.
- A.
External...internal
- B.
Physical...psychological
- C.
Psychological...physical
- D.
Retrograde...proactive
- 11.Lazaru's view of stress emphasizes
- A.
Emotional factors
- B.
Cognitive mediation
- C.
The General Adaptation Syndrome
- D.
The physiological bases of stress
- 12.Lazarus and Folkman viewed life events as
- A.
Benign-positive
- B.
Threatening
- C.
Challenging
- D.
Any of these
- 13.According to Lazarus, a person who loses her job but seees the prospect of finding a new job as a challenge would be
- A.
More vulnerable to stress than someone who saw the event as a threat
- B.
More likely to reappraise the situation than someone who saw the event as a threat
- C.
Less vulnerable to stress than someone who saw the event as a threat
- D.
Unrealistic and less capable of coping with the sitution than someone who saw the situation more realistically.
- 14.Several methods have been used to measure stress, but the approach taken by most health psychologists is
- A.
Self-report scales
- B.
Performance tests
- C.
Physiological tests
- D.
Estimates by close associaties
- 15.The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) assumes that
- A.
Daily events are more crucial than major life events
- B.
Change in life adjustment is the key factor in measuring stress
- C.
Only desirable events are valid predictors of stress
- D.
Positive life events tend to reduce stress
- 16.The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
- A.
Consists of 105 items that people have experienced during the past week
- B.
Measures changes in coping responses, as well as daily hassles and major life events
- C.
Measures events in people's lives that they perceive as unpredictable and uncontrollable
- D.
Measures events in people's lives that they see as being controllabe
- 17.The revised Hassles and Uplifts Scale
- A.
Asks people to rate everyday events either positively or negatively
- B.
Is longer and more complex than the original Hassles Scale
- C.
Is less able to predict headaches than the SRRS
- D.
Shows that the number of hassles is more important than the severity of hassles
- 18.Stressful events that are so powerful that they affect large numbers of people fit into the category of
- A.
Life events
- B.
Cataclysmic events
- C.
Daily hassles
- D.
Unintentional events
- 19.Eric Graig used the term ___ to refer to the many sources of environmental stressors that affect city living.
- A.
Congestion
- B.
Urban press
- C.
Urban stress
- D.
Meta-stress
- 20.The "environment of poverty"
- A.
Is more common for members of ethnic minorities than for Whites
- B.
Combines crowding, pollution, and fear of crime
- C.
Affects fewer people now than 15 years ogo
- D.
Both a & b
- 21.The experience of discrimination
- A.
Has been linked to health problems, including cardiovascular disease
- B.
Creates stress but has little ability to harm physical health
- C.
Creates stress, which harms physical health but has little ability to produce psychological distress
- D.
Occurs mostly in the workplace rather than in the community
- 22.The benefits of marriage ___ in terms of health; ___.
- A.
Are not equal...women benefit more than men
- B.
Are not equal...men benefit more than women
- C.
Are almost equal...college-educated women have an advantage, but other women do no
- D.
Are equal...men and women benefit equally
- 23.Erin is worried about her grade in a psychology class. To receive her best grade, Erin has decided to make and follow a study schedule. Folkman and Lazarus would call this appraoch
- A.
Danger control
- B.
Emotion-focused coping
- C.
Problem-focused coping
- D.
Reappraisal
- 24.Stress inoculation
- A.
Attempts to train people to control nervous system functioning
- B.
Views stress as part of the external environment
- C.
Uses a combination of cognitive and behavioral techniques to cope with stress
- D.
Teaches a variety of relaxation techniques
- 25.Emotional expression such as crying, throwing objects, and yelling has
- A.
Reduced the rate of asthma
- B.
Lowered blood pressure
- C.
Produced fewer visits to the doctor's office
- D.
None of these
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Sample QuestionHow often do you feel nervous or stressed?
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