The afferent & efferent branches
The spinal cord & brain
The spinal cord and parasympathetic nervous system
The somatic and autonomic nervous systems
Increases...additional increases in heart rate
Increases...decreases in heart rate
Decreases...increases in blood pressure
Decreases...additional decresases in heart rate
Serotonin and dopamine
Acetylcholine and norepinephrine
Epinephrine and dopamine
The same as the principle neurotransmitters of the central nervous system
A system of ductless glands within the brain & spinal cord
A system of ducted glands in the digestive system
A system of both ducted and ductless glands oriented towards reproduction
A system of ductless glands distributed throughout the body
Lymph nodes
Hormones
Arterioles
Efferents
Cardiovascular
Nervous
Endocrine
Digestive
Somatic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Digestive system
Selye
Lazarus
Meichenbaum
Dohrenwend
Resistance stage
Illness stage
Exhaustion stage
Alarm stage
External...internal
Physical...psychological
Psychological...physical
Retrograde...proactive
Emotional factors
Cognitive mediation
The General Adaptation Syndrome
The physiological bases of stress
Benign-positive
Threatening
Challenging
Any of these
More vulnerable to stress than someone who saw the event as a threat
More likely to reappraise the situation than someone who saw the event as a threat
Less vulnerable to stress than someone who saw the event as a threat
Unrealistic and less capable of coping with the sitution than someone who saw the situation more realistically.
Self-report scales
Performance tests
Physiological tests
Estimates by close associaties
Daily events are more crucial than major life events
Change in life adjustment is the key factor in measuring stress
Only desirable events are valid predictors of stress
Positive life events tend to reduce stress
Consists of 105 items that people have experienced during the past week
Measures changes in coping responses, as well as daily hassles and major life events
Measures events in people's lives that they perceive as unpredictable and uncontrollable
Measures events in people's lives that they see as being controllabe
Asks people to rate everyday events either positively or negatively
Is longer and more complex than the original Hassles Scale
Is less able to predict headaches than the SRRS
Shows that the number of hassles is more important than the severity of hassles
Life events
Cataclysmic events
Daily hassles
Unintentional events
Congestion
Urban press
Urban stress
Meta-stress
Is more common for members of ethnic minorities than for Whites
Combines crowding, pollution, and fear of crime
Affects fewer people now than 15 years ogo
Both a & b
Has been linked to health problems, including cardiovascular disease
Creates stress but has little ability to harm physical health
Creates stress, which harms physical health but has little ability to produce psychological distress
Occurs mostly in the workplace rather than in the community
Are not equal...women benefit more than men
Are not equal...men benefit more than women
Are almost equal...college-educated women have an advantage, but other women do no
Are equal...men and women benefit equally
Danger control
Emotion-focused coping
Problem-focused coping
Reappraisal
Attempts to train people to control nervous system functioning
Views stress as part of the external environment
Uses a combination of cognitive and behavioral techniques to cope with stress
Teaches a variety of relaxation techniques
Reduced the rate of asthma
Lowered blood pressure
Produced fewer visits to the doctor's office
None of these