Immunology Quiz Questions And Answers
Are you ready for an immunology quiz? Immunology is a branch of biology that deals with the study of the immune systems of all living organisms. It is an expansive science and is still being studied extensively. Immunology is the reason why vaccines exist, and it is one of the essential veins of biology. The following quiz covers some basic concepts of this subject. So take the quiz and find out.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include macrophages and dendritic cells, which are found in lymphoid tissues and the____. These are critical in the uptake and presentation of antigens to T cells.
- A.
Liver
- B.
Kidney
- C.
Bone
- D.
Skin
Correct Answer
D. SkinExplanation
APCs, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, are found in lymphoid tissues and the skin. They play a crucial role in capturing and presenting antigens to T cells, which is essential for the immune response. The skin is the largest organ in the body and acts as a physical barrier against pathogens. It contains a large number of APCs that constantly survey the environment for potential antigens. When they encounter antigens, they capture and process them, presenting them to T cells to initiate an immune response. Therefore, the skin is an important site for antigen presentation and immune surveillance.Rate this question:
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- 2.
How many doses of the Hepatitis B vaccine (5µg HBsAg in 0.5mL intramuscular) are required to reach a protective level of antibody?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
- E.
5
Correct Answer
C. 3Explanation
To reach a protective level of antibody, it is typically recommended to administer three doses of the Hepatitis B vaccine. Each dose contains 5µg of HBsAg in 0.5mL intramuscular. Therefore, a total of three doses are required to ensure sufficient protection against Hepatitis B.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Match the following innate immune system cell types with their function: Macrophages
- A.
Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms, antigen presentation
- B.
Lysis of some virally infected cells
- C.
Killing parasites
- D.
Release of histamine and other mediators
- E.
Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms
Correct Answer
A. Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms, antigen presentationExplanation
Macrophages are a type of innate immune system cell that are responsible for phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms, meaning they engulf and destroy pathogens. They also play a role in antigen presentation, which is the process of displaying antigens to activate the adaptive immune response. This allows the immune system to recognize and respond to specific pathogens.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Match the following innate immune system cell types with their function: Tissue mast cells
- A.
Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms, antigen presentation
- B.
Lysis of some virally infected cells
- C.
Killing parasites
- D.
Release of histamine and other mediators
- E.
Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms
Correct Answer
D. Release of histamine and other mediatorsExplanation
Tissue mast cells play a key role in the inflammatory response by releasing histamine and other mediators, which are involved in inflammation and allergic reactions. This function helps initiate the immune response to various pathogens and allergens.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Match the following innate immune system cell types with their function: Natural killer cells
- A.
Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms, antigen presentation
- B.
Lysis of some virally infected cells
- C.
Killing parasites
- D.
Release of histamine and other mediators
- E.
Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms
Correct Answer
B. Lysis of some virally infected cellsExplanation
Natural killer cells are a type of innate immune system cell that is responsible for the lysis (destruction) of some virally infected cells. They recognize and kill cells that are infected with viruses, helping to prevent the spread of the infection. This is an important function of the innate immune system in defending the body against viral infections.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Match the following innate immune system cell types with their function: Neutrophils
- A.
Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms, antigen presentation
- B.
Lysis of some virally infected cells
- C.
Killing parasites
- D.
Release of histamine and other mediators
- E.
Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms
Correct Answer
E. Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanismsExplanation
Neutrophils are a type of innate immune system cell that are responsible for phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms. They engulf and destroy pathogens through phagocytosis, which involves engulfing the pathogens and breaking them down. Neutrophils also release bacteriocidal substances to kill the pathogens. This function helps to eliminate and control infections in the body.Rate this question:
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- 7.
T cells are made in the____ and complete their differentiation in the____.
- A.
Spleen; Thyroid
- B.
Spleen; Thymus
- C.
Bone marrow; Thyroid
- D.
Bone marrow; Thymus
- E.
Bone marrow; Thalamus
Correct Answer
D. Bone marrow; ThymusExplanation
T cells, a type of white blood cell involved in immune responses, are produced in the bone marrow and then migrate to the thymus gland to complete their differentiation. The bone marrow is responsible for the initial production of T cell precursors, while the thymus provides the necessary environment for their maturation and development into functional T cells.Rate this question:
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- 8.
In a resting lymphocyte, B cells and T cells can be distinguished from each other via a simple blood smear.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
In a resting lymphocyte, B cells and T cells cannot be distinguished from each other via a simple blood smear. Both B cells and T cells look similar in appearance and cannot be differentiated based on their morphology alone. Additional tests, such as flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry, are required to accurately distinguish between B cells and T cells.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR), and is also known as a cytotoxic T cell (CTL)?
- A.
Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+)
- B.
Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+)
- C.
Plasma cells (activated B cells)
- D.
None of these
Correct Answer
B. Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+)Explanation
CD8+ is a transmembrane glycoprotein that acts as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR) on cytotoxic T cells. It plays a crucial role in the activation of T cells and the immune response. CD8+ binds to major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules on antigen-presenting cells, which allows the TCR to recognize and respond to specific antigens. This interaction enhances the binding affinity between the T cell and the target cell, leading to the activation of cytotoxic T cells and the destruction of infected or abnormal cells.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following produce large amounts of antibodies (Igs) and differentiate upon stimulation from CD4+ cells?
- A.
Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+)
- B.
Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+)
- C.
Plasma cells (activated B cells)
- D.
None of these
Correct Answer
C. Plasma cells (activated B cells)Explanation
Plasma cells (activated B cells) produce large amounts of antibodies (Igs) and differentiate upon stimulation from CD4+ cells. CD4+ cells play a crucial role in activating B cells and promoting antibody production. CD8+ cells are primarily involved in cytotoxic immune responses and do not produce antibodies. Hence, the correct answer is plasma cells (activated B cells).Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper cells, regulatory T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells?
- A.
Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+)
- B.
Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+)
- C.
Plasma cells (activated B cells)
- D.
None of these
Correct Answer
A. Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+)Explanation
CD4 is a glycoprotein that is expressed on the surface of T helper cells, regulatory T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It plays a crucial role in the immune response by binding to major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules on antigen-presenting cells. This interaction helps in the activation of T cells and the initiation of an immune response. CD4 is also the primary receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), allowing the virus to enter and infect CD4+ T cells. Therefore, CD4 is an important marker for identifying and studying these immune cell populations.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Match the following innate immune system cell types with their function: Eosinophils
- A.
Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms, antigen presentation
- B.
Lysis of some virally infected cells
- C.
Killing parasites
- D.
Release of histamine and other mediators
- E.
Phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms
Correct Answer
C. Killing parasitesExplanation
Eosinophils are a type of innate immune system cell that are primarily responsible for killing parasites. They do this by releasing toxic granules that target and kill parasites. Eosinophils are not involved in phagocytosis and bacteriocidal mechanisms like other immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages. They also do not play a role in lysing virally infected cells. Instead, eosinophils are specifically specialized in combating parasitic infections. Additionally, eosinophils can also release histamine and other mediators, which can contribute to allergic reactions and inflammation.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Match the stage of an adaptive (acquired) immune response with the description: Proliferation of cells with matching receptors
- A.
Cognitive phase
- B.
Activation phase
- C.
Effector phase
- D.
None of these
Correct Answer
B. Activation phaseExplanation
The activation phase of an adaptive immune response refers to the stage where immune cells, such as T and B cells, are activated upon encountering an antigen. During this phase, these cells undergo proliferation, meaning they multiply in number, to generate a larger population of cells with matching receptors. This increased cell population allows for a more effective immune response against the antigen. The cognitive phase refers to the initial recognition and processing of the antigen, while the effector phase involves the elimination of the antigen. "None of these" is not the correct answer as it does not match any of the stages described.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Match the stage of an adaptive (acquired) immune response with the description: Eventual elimination of antigen
- A.
Cognitive phase
- B.
Activation phase
- C.
Effector phase
- D.
None of these
Correct Answer
C. Effector phaseExplanation
The effector phase of an adaptive immune response is characterized by the eventual elimination of the antigen. During this phase, the immune system responds to the presence of the antigen by producing specific antibodies and activating immune cells to directly attack and eliminate the antigen. This phase is crucial in effectively clearing the infection or eliminating the foreign substance from the body.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies from____ and is involved in the elimination of____ pathogens. Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by____ and is involved in the elimination of____ pathogens.
- A.
B lymphocytes; Intracellular; T lymphocytes; Extracellular
- B.
B lymphocytes; Extracellular; T lymphocytes; Intracellular
- C.
T lymphocytes; Intracellular; B lymphocytes; Extracellular
- D.
T lymphocytes; Extracellular; B lymphocytes; Intracellular
Correct Answer
B. B lymphocytes; Extracellular; T lymphocytes; IntracellularExplanation
Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies produced by B lymphocytes and is involved in the elimination of extracellular pathogens. Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by T lymphocytes and is involved in the elimination of intracellular pathogens.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Match the stage of an adaptive (acquired) immune response with the description: Recognition of antigen
- A.
Cognitive phase
- B.
Activation phase
- C.
Effector phase
- D.
None of these
Correct Answer
A. Cognitive phaseExplanation
The cognitive phase of an adaptive immune response refers to the initial recognition of antigens by immune cells. During this phase, immune cells such as B cells and T cells encounter antigens and begin to process and present them to other immune cells. This recognition is crucial for the immune system to initiate a targeted response against the specific antigen.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following is NOT a major feature (characteristic) of the adaptive immune system?
- A.
Specificity
- B.
Diversity
- C.
Memory
- D.
Improvement
- E.
Speed
Correct Answer
E. SpeedExplanation
Speed is not a major feature of the adaptive immune system. The adaptive immune system is known for its specificity, diversity, memory, and ability to improve over time. However, speed is not considered a primary characteristic of the adaptive immune system. While the adaptive immune response can be efficient and effective, it is generally slower compared to the innate immune response, which provides immediate, non-specific defense against pathogens.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What stage of an adaptive immune response involves secretion of antibody from a large plasma cell with extensive endoplasmic reticulum?'
- A.
Cognitive phase
- B.
Activation phase
- C.
Effector phase
- D.
None of these
Correct Answer
C. Effector phaseExplanation
The effector phase of an adaptive immune response involves the secretion of antibodies from large plasma cells that have extensive endoplasmic reticulum. During this phase, the immune system is actively fighting against the pathogen or antigen, and the antibodies produced by the plasma cells help to neutralize or eliminate the foreign invader. This is different from the cognitive and activation phases, which involve the recognition and initiation of the immune response, respectively. Therefore, the correct answer is the effector phase.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following types of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is critical in the uptake and presentation of antigen to T cells?
- A.
Macrophage
- B.
Dendritic cell
- C.
B cell
- D.
None of these
Correct Answer
B. Dendritic cellExplanation
Dendritic cells are critical in the uptake and presentation of antigens to T cells. They are specialized APCs that capture and process antigens, and then present them to T cells to initiate an immune response. Dendritic cells have a unique ability to efficiently capture antigens from their surroundings and present them to T cells, making them a crucial link between innate and adaptive immunity. Macrophages and B cells also have antigen-presenting capabilities, but dendritic cells are particularly specialized for this function.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following types of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) has immunoglobulin that functions as a receptor, then the antigen is internalized, degraded, and presented to T cells?
- A.
Macrophage
- B.
Dendritic cell
- C.
B cell
- D.
None of these
Correct Answer
C. B cellExplanation
B cells are a type of antigen-presenting cell (APC) that have immunoglobulin receptors on their surface. When a B cell encounters an antigen that matches its specific receptor, the antigen is internalized, degraded, and presented to T cells. This process allows for the activation of T cells and the initiation of an immune response. Macrophages and dendritic cells also function as APCs, but they do not have immunoglobulin receptors on their surface. Therefore, the correct answer is B cell.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which of the following types of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is specialized for degradation and presentation of particulate antigens to T cells?
- A.
Macrophage
- B.
Dendritic cell
- C.
B cell
- D.
None of these
Correct Answer
A. MacrophageExplanation
Macrophages are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have the ability to phagocytose (engulf) and degrade particulate antigens. They can then present the degraded antigens on their cell surface using major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to activate T cells. Macrophages are found in various tissues and play a crucial role in the immune response by recognizing and eliminating foreign particles or pathogens. Dendritic cells and B cells also have antigen-presenting capabilities, but they are not specifically specialized for degradation and presentation of particulate antigens like macrophages.Rate this question:
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.jpg "Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include macrophages and dendritic cells, which are found in lymphoid tissues and the____. These are critical in the uptake and presentation of antigens to T cells.")
(35).jpg "How many doses of the Hepatitis B vaccine (5µg HBsAg in 0.5mL intramuscular) are required to reach a protective level of antibody?")
(32).jpg "Match the following innate immune system cell types with their function: Macrophages")
(37).jpg "Match the following innate immune system cell types with their function: Tissue mast cells")
(31).jpg "Match the following innate immune system cell types with their function: Natural killer cells")
(35).jpg "Match the following innate immune system cell types with their function: Neutrophils")
(26).jpg "T cells are made in the____ and complete their differentiation in the____.")
(30).jpg "In a resting lymphocyte, B cells and T cells can be distinguished from each other via a simple blood smear.")
(23).jpg "Which of the following is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR), and is also known as a cytotoxic T cell (CTL)?")
(24).jpg "Which of the following produce large amounts of antibodies (Igs) and differentiate
upon stimulation from CD4+ cells?")
(25).jpg "Which of the following is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper cells,
regulatory T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells?")
(35).jpg "Match the following innate immune system cell types with their function: Eosinophils")
(22).jpg "Match the stage of an adaptive (acquired) immune response with the description: Proliferation of cells with matching receptors")
(27).jpg "Match the stage of an adaptive (acquired) immune response with the description: Eventual elimination of antigen")
(40).jpg "Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies from____ and is involved in the elimination of____ pathogens. Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by____ and is involved in the elimination of____ pathogens.")
(24).jpg "Match the stage of an adaptive (acquired) immune response with the description: Recognition of antigen")
(33).jpg "Which of the following is NOT a major feature (characteristic) of the adaptive immune system?")
(27).jpg "What stage of an adaptive immune response involves secretion of antibody from a large plasma cell with extensive endoplasmic reticulum?'")
(25).jpg "Which of the following types of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is critical in the uptake and presentation of antigen to T cells?")
(23).jpg "Which of the following types of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) has immunoglobulin that functions as a receptor, then the antigen is internalized, degraded, and presented to T cells?")
(26).jpg "Which of the following types of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is specialized for
degradation and presentation of particulate antigens to T cells?")
UHS ,TSMC, MCQ , Immunology for Medical Lab year 3 semester 2,
UHS ,TSMC, MCQ , Immunology for Medical Lab year 3 semester 2,
Immunology #4 - Antibody Structure and Diversity (part 2)
Immunology #4 - Antibody Structure and Diversity (part 2)
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