Microbiology Exam 5 Immunology Part II
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Exam review for Immunology Part II for microbioloy
- 1.* Strategy of Adaptive Immune Response* First response to a particular antigen is called a primary respone
- A.
May take a week or more to develop
- B.
Termed secondary response
- C.
Eliminates extracellular pathogens
- D.
Eliminates intracellular pathogens
- 2.*Strategy of Adaptive Immne Response* Immune system remembers pathogen on subsequent exposure (enhanced immune response)
- A.
May take a week or more to develop
- B.
Termed secondary response
- C.
Eliminates extracellular pathogens
- D.
Eliminates intracellular pathogens
- 3.*Strategy of Adaptive Immune Response* Adaptive immunity divided into...Humoral immunity (antibody mediated)
- A.
May take a week or more to develop
- B.
Termed secondary response
- C.
Eliminates extracellular pathogens
- D.
Eliminates intracellular pathogens
- 4.*Strategy of Adaptive Immne Response* Adaptive immunity divided into Cellular immunity (T cell mediated)
- A.
May take a week or more to develop
- B.
Termed sequence response
- C.
Eliminates extracellular pathogens
- D.
Eliminates intracellular pathogens
- 5.T or FHumoral Immunity is mediated by B lymphocytes
- A.
T
- B.
F
- 6.T or FHumoral immunity is developed in the bone marrow
- A.
T
- B.
F
- 7.T or F B cells carry multiple B cell receptors (BCRs) membrane- bound derivative fo the Ab it is programmed to make.
- A.
T
- B.
F
- 8.T or FB cells may be triggered to proliferate into plasma cells
- A.
False
- B.
True
- 9.Plasma cells produce ___________
- A.
Bodies
- B.
Antibodies
- C.
B cells
- D.
Antigens
- 10.T or F Antibodies are produced when antigen binds BCR
- A.
False
- B.
True
- 11.T or FSome B cells produce memory cells
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 12.*Strategy of Adaptive Immune Response* Cellular immunity
- A.
Mediated by B lymphocytes ( B cells)
- B.
Mediated by T lymphocytes (T Cell)
- 13.Cellular immunity
- A.
Matures in thymus
- B.
Develops in bone marrow
- 14.*Strategy of Adaptive Immune Response* T or F cellular immnity: two predominant subsets are cytotoxic (CD8*) T cells, and helper (CD4*) T cells.
- A.
False
- B.
True
- 15.*Strategy of Adaptive Immune Response* Cellular immunity : T cell receptors (TCR)
- A.
Membrane-bound derivative of the Ab it is programmed to make
- B.
Triggered to proliferate into plasma cells
- C.
Help with antigen recognition
- D.
Produce memory cells
- 16.
- A.
To concentrade Ag from all parts of the body into a few lymphoid organs
- B.
To circulate lymphocytes through lymphod organs so that antigen can interact with rate Ag-specific cells
- C.
To carry products of the immune response (Ab and effector cells) to the bloodstream and tissue
- D.
All of the Above
- E.
None of the above
- 17.Lymphoid system includes...
- A.
Lymphatic vessels
- B.
Primary lymphoid organs
- C.
Secondary lymphoid organs
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
- 18.
- A.
A-1, D-2, C-3, B-4
- B.
A-3, D-4, C-1, B-2
- C.
A-2, D-1, C-4, B-3
- D.
A-4, D-3, C-2, B-1
- 19.* Anatomy of the Lymphoid System* T or FLymphatic vessels- Lymph travels through vessels to lymph nodes
- A.
False
- B.
True
- 20.* Anatomy of the Lymphoid System* Lymphatic vessel...
- A.
Bone Marrow and thymus are primary lymphoid organs, location where stem cells destined to become B and T cells mature (acquire BCRs or TCRs)
- B.
Carry lymph to body tissues, lymph formed as a result of body's circulatory system, extracellular fluid that bathes tissues; contains tissue products, antigens, Abs and cells (predominantly lymphyocytes)
- C.
Secondary lymphoid organs sites where lymphocytes gather to encounter antigens; organs include
- 21.* Anatomy of the Lymphoid System* Primary lymphoid organs...
- A.
Carry lymph to body tissues, lymph formed as resutl of body's circulatory system, extracellular fluid that bathes tissues; contains tissue products, antignes, Abs and cells (predominantly lymphocytes)
- B.
Sites where lymphocytes gather to encounter antigens
- C.
Bone marrow and thymus are primary lymphoid organs, location where stem cells destined to become B and T cells mature (acquire BCRs or TCRs)
- 22.* Anatomy of the Lymphoid System* Secondary lymphoid organs
- A.
Sites where lymphocytes gather to encounter antigens
- B.
Bone marrow and thymus are primary lymphoid organs, location where stem cells destined to become B and T cells mature (acquire BCRs to TCRs)
- C.
Carry lymph to body tissues, lymph formed as result of body's circulatory system, extracellular fluid that bathes tissues; contains tissue products, antigens, Abs and cells (predominantly lymphocytes)
- 23.*Anatomy of the Lymphoid System* Primary lymphoid organs" cells mature in bone marrow (prior to birth in fetal liver) "
- A.
T cells
- B.
B cells
- 24.Anatomy of the Lymphoid SystemPrimary of the lymphoid organs " ... cells mature in thymus"
- A.
T cells
- B.
B cells
- 25.* Anatomy of the Lymphoid System* Primary lymphoid organsT or F"In a Primary lymphoid organs once mature, cells leave primary lymphoid organs and migrate to secondary lymphoid organs where they wait to encounter antigen"
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 26.* Anatomy of the Lymphoid System* Secondary lymphoid organs, sites where lymphocytes gather to encounter antigens; organs include.
- A.
Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, Adenoids, Appendix
- B.
Lymph nodes, lungs, tonsils, heart, liver
- C.
Lymph nodes, spleen, lungs, adenoids, appendix
- D.
Lymph nodes, tonsils, small intestine, adenoids, appendix
- 27.* Anatomy of the Lymphoid System* Secondary lymphoid organs" allows for initiation of immune response from nearly any place in body"
- A.
Lymph nodes
- B.
Organs situated strategically
- C.
Spleen
- 28.* Anatomy of the Lymphoid System* Secondary lymphoid organs" highly efficient and trapping antigen that enters thorough lymphatics"
- A.
Lymph nodes
- B.
Spleen
- C.
Organs situated strategically
- 29.* Anatomy of the Lymphoid System* Secondary lymphoid organs" Trapping and concentrating foreign substances carried in the blood"
- A.
Lymph nodes
- B.
Spleen
- C.
Organs situated strategically
- 30.*Nature of Antibody*Protective outcomes of antibody-antigen binding " prevents toxin/virus from interacting with cell"
- A.
Neutralization
- B.
Immobilization and prevention of adherence
- C.
Agglutination and precipitation
- 31.*Nature of Antibody*Protective outcomes of antibody-antigen binding" Clumping of bacteria cells by specific antibody"
- A.
Neutralization
- B.
Immobilization and Prevention of adherence
- C.
Agglutination and precipitation
- 32.*Nature of Antibody*Protective outcomes of antibody-antigen binding" Antibody bonding to cellular structures to interfere with function"
- A.
Neutralization
- B.
Immobilization and prevention of adhere
- C.
Agglutination and precipitation
- 33.*Nature of Antibody*Protective outcomes of antibody antigen binding" Coating of bacteria with antibody to enhance phagocytosis"
- A.
Complement activation
- B.
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
- C.
Opsonization
- 34.*Nature of Antibody*Protective outcomes of antibody antigen binding" Antibody binding triggers classical pathway"
- A.
Complement activation
- B.
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
- C.
Opsonization
- 35.*Nature of Antibody*Protective outcomes of antibody antigen binding" Multiple antibodies bind a cell which becomes target for certain cells"
- A.
Complement activation
- B.
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
- C.
Opsonization
- 36.*Nature of Antibody* What are the five classes of Ab?
- A.
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD,IgE
- B.
IgM, IgK, igA, IgD, IgE
- C.
IgM, IgK IgU, IgD, IgE
- D.
IgA,IgU, IgO, IgE, IgK
- 37.*Nature of Antibody* " First Ab to respond to infection, 5-13% Ab in circulation, structure pentamer (five monomer units joined together at the constant region, primarily involved in control of bloodstream infections), found on the surface of B lymphocytes as a monomer, most efficient at elicting "classical" complement cascade (highest affinity for complement), Effective in agglutination and precipitation reactions, only class produced immune responses to T-independent Ags, Only Ab that can be formed by the fetus if infected in utero (production begin after birth)
- A.
IgE
- B.
IgM
- C.
IgG
- D.
IgA
- E.
IgD
- 38.*Nature of Antibody* " Dominant Ab in circulation -80 -85% Ab in circulation, structure = monomer, only Ab that can cross the placenta (also protects baby after birth due to long half-life (~ 21 days]), present in colostrum (first breast milk produced after birth), intestinal tract of babies can absorb... The antibody of memeory!!!, Also induces "classical" complement activation (highest avidity)"
- A.
IgE
- B.
IgM
- C.
IgG
- D.
IgA
- E.
IgD
- 39.*Nature of Antibody* "Most abundant produced, 10-13% of Ab in circulation but majority is secreted from (sigA) important in mucosal immunity, GI, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts, found in secretions, breast milk (protects babies form intestinal pathogens), mucous, tears and saliva, structure: monomer in serum, dimer in secretions, monomer connected by J chain, ferried across epithelia by poly lg receptor, secretory component protects antibody from proteolytic enzymes"
- A.
IgE
- B.
IgM
- C.
IgG
- D.
IgA
- E.
IgD
- 40.*Nature of Antibody* < 1% of total Ab in circulation, structure = monomer, maturation of antibody response
- A.
IgE
- B.
IgM
- C.
IgG
- D.
IgA
- E.
IgD
- 41.*Nature of Antibody* " barely detectable in circulation, bound by FcRs of mast cells and basophils, structure = monomer"
- A.
IgE
- B.
IgM
- C.
IgG
- D.
IgA
- E.
IgD
- 42.*Clonal Selection of Lymphocytes*Lymphocyte characteristics include" Have not fully developed their antigen specific receptor"
- A.
Naive
- B.
Effectors
- C.
Immature
- D.
Memory lymphocytes
- E.
Activated
- 43.*Clonal Selection of Lymphocytes*Lymphocyte characteristics include"Have antigen receptor but have not encountered antigen"
- A.
Naive
- B.
Effectors
- C.
Immature
- D.
Memory lymphocytes
- E.
Activated
- 44.*Clonal Selection of Lymphocytes*Lymphocyte characteristics include" able to proliferate, have bound antigen"
- A.
Naive
- B.
Effectors
- C.
Immature
- D.
Memory lymphocytes
- E.
Activated
- 45.*Clonal Selection of Lymphocytes*Lymphocyte characteristics include" Descendents of activated lymphocytes, able to produce specific cytokines, plasma cells, T helper and cytotoxic T cells effector cells"
- A.
Naive
- B.
Effectors
- C.
Immature
- D.
Memory lymphocytes
- E.
Activated
- 46.*Clonal Selection of Lymphocytes*Lymphocyte characteristics include" Long-lived descendents of activated lymphocytes memory cells responsible for speed and effectiveness of secondary response (remember antigen on subsequent exposure)"
- A.
Naive
- B.
Effectors
- C.
Immature
- D.
Memory lymphocytes
- E.
Activated
- 47.* B Lymphocyte and Antibody Response* -Characteristic of primary response"Overtime, some B cells undergo changes enhancing immune response including..."
- A.
Affinity maturation
- B.
Class switching
- C.
Formation of memory cell
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
- 48.* B lymphocyte and Antibody Response *" B cells that bind antigen most tightly and for the longest duration are most likely to proliferate; others undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death), antigens displayed to B cells by follicular dendritic cells (different from dendritic cells discussed earlier), form of natural selection, occurs among proliferating B cells, Fine tunes quality of response with respect of specificity"
- A.
Class switching
- B.
Affinity Maturation
- C.
Formation of memory cells
- 49.* B lymphocyte and Ab Response *" B cells initially programmed to differentiate into plasma cells, plasma cells secrete IgM antibodies, helper T cells produce cytokines, some B cells switch programming, differentiate to plasma cells that secrete other classes of antibodies, commonly lgG (circulating), B cells residing in MALT switch to IgA"
- A.
Class switching
- B.
Affinity Maturation
- C.
Formation of memory cells
- 50.* B lymphocyte and Antibody Response *"B cells that have undergone class switching, produce IgG antibody (IgG is antibody of memory), IgG antibody can circulate in body for years allowing protection against specific antigens, memory lymphocytes are responsible for speed and effectiveness of secondary response"
- A.
Class switching
- B.
Affinity maturation
- C.
Formation of memory cells
- 51.* Antibody Diversity*(not enough DNA for separate genes encoding each antibody)Diversity involves " Maturing B cell selects 3 segments, -V-D-J "
- A.
Gene Rearrangement
- B.
Combinatorial Associations
- C.
Imprecise Joining
- 52.* Antibody Diversity*(not enough DNA for separate genes encoding each antibody)Diversity involves "Nucleotides deleted or added"
- A.
Gene Rearrangement
- B.
Combinatorial Associations
- C.
Imprecise Joining
- 53.* Antibody Diversity*(not enough DNA for separate genes encoding each antibody)Diversity involves " Specific groupings of light and heavy chains"
- A.
Gene Rearrangement
- B.
Combinatorial Associations
- C.
Imprecise Joining
- 54.* B Lymphocyte and Antibody Response*" Activate B cells without helper T cells, carbohydrates and lipids, B cell receptors bind antigen simultaneously, leads to B cell activation, some polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), immune systems of young children (~ 2yr) respond poorly "
- A.
T- dependent antigens
- B.
T- independent antigens
- 55.* B Lymphocyte and Antibody Response*" Compounds that evoke an immune response only with aid of T helper cells (protein Ags)"
- A.
T-dependent antigens
- B.
T-independent antigens
- 56.* T lymphocytes Antigen Recognition and Response* General Characteristics - During antigen presentation, antigen cradled in grove of major histocompatability complex molecule (MHC molecule).... Types of MHC
- A.
MHC class I
- B.
MHC class II
- C.
MHC class III
- D.
All of the above is correct
- E.
Only A and b are correct
- 57.* T lymphocytes Antigen Recognition and Response* General Characteristics - During antigen presentation, antigen cradled in grove of major histocompatability complex molecule (MHC molecule)." Bind exogenous antigen"
- A.
MHC class I
- B.
MHC class II
- 58.* T lymphocytes Antigen Recognition and Response* General Characteristics - During antigen presentation, antigen cradled in grove of major histocompatability complex molecule (MHC molecule)."Binds endogenous antigen"
- A.
MHC class I
- B.
MHC class II
- 59.*T lymphocytes*Antigen Recognition and Response -General Characteristics - Tow major functional T cell populations "Proliferate and differentiate to destroy infected or cancerous "self" cells and in graft rejection, have CD8 marker, recognize MHC class I"
- A.
Helper T cells (orchestrate immune response)
- B.
Cytotoxic T cells
- 60.*T lymphocytes*Antigen Recognition and Response -General Characteristics - Tow major functional T cell populations " Multiply and develop into cells that activate cell mediated immune responses and macrophages (Th1-type) and humoral (B cells) response (Th2-type), Stimulate other T cells, Have CD4 marker, recognize antigen displayed by MHC class II"
- A.
Helper T cells (orchestrate immune response)
- B.
Cytotoxic T cells
- 61.*Negative Selection of "self" reactive T cells"- Occurs in thymus "Only those T cells that recognized MHC is "positively" selected, TCR recognizes a peptide: MHC complex
- A.
Positive Selection
- B.
Negative Selection
- 62.*Negative Selection of "self" reactive T cells"- Occurs in thymus "T cells that recognize "self" antigens are negatively selected"
- A.
Positive selection
- B.
Negative Selection
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