St. Gabe's Practice Science Test Chapter 2 - Observing States Of Matter

Elements and compounds are the two main types of substances. Elements are the simplest form of matter and cannot be broken down into simpler substances. They are made up of only one type of atom. Compounds, on the other hand, are made up of two or more different elements chemically combined together. Alternate spellings refer to different ways of spelling a word, which is not relevant to the classification of matter as substances. Therefore, the correct answer is Elements, not Alternate spellings.

The element represented by the symbol "He" is Helium. Helium is a noble gas with atomic number 2 and is the second lightest element in the periodic table. It is colorless, odorless, and non-toxic. Helium is commonly used in balloons, airships, and as a coolant in various scientific and medical applications.

Scientists record their observations when studying matter and its changes. This involves carefully observing and documenting the characteristics, behavior, and properties of the matter being studied. Additionally, scientists may also record alternate spellings of certain terms or names to ensure accuracy and consistency in their research.

The symbol "H" represents the element Hydrogen.

Capital "O"

The given correct answer for this question is "precious, alternate spellings." This is because some elements, especially metals like gold, are considered valuable and highly esteemed, hence the term "precious." Additionally, the phrase "alternate spellings" suggests that there might be different ways to spell or write the word "precious" in this context.

The common compound salt is known as sodium chloride, which is made up of the elements sodium and chlorine. Sodium is a highly reactive metal, while chlorine is a highly reactive non-metal. When sodium reacts with chlorine, they form an ionic bond and combine to form sodium chloride, which is commonly known as table salt.

The change of state from a liquid to a solid is called freezing. This process occurs when the temperature of a substance decreases below its freezing point, causing the particles to slow down and arrange themselves into a solid structure. Freezing is the opposite of melting, where a solid changes into a liquid state.

Scientists use chemical symbols and alternate spellings to save time and space. Chemical symbols are abbreviated representations of elements, allowing scientists to quickly and easily refer to specific elements in their research and communication. Alternate spellings may be used to represent complex chemical compounds or molecules in a more concise manner. By using these methods, scientists can convey information efficiently and effectively without the need for lengthy descriptions or explanations.

Energy can be defined as the capacity or ability to bring about change. This change can often involve movement, and it requires energy to make objects move. Additionally, energy is also necessary to alter the speed at which something is moving. Therefore, the statement that one definition of energy is the ability to cause change, and that change often involves movement, and it takes energy to make something move, is true.

Gases are matter that do not have a definite volume or shape. Unlike solids and liquids, gases can expand and fill the entire space available to them. The particles in a gas are highly spaced apart and move freely, making them able to flow and diffuse easily. Therefore, gases can take the shape and volume of their container, or if left unconfined, they can disperse and occupy the entire space.

See page B31

The process described in the question, where a solid substance changes into a liquid state, is known as melting.

A liquid is matter than has a definite volume but no definite shape. Liquids take the shape of their containers. Page B29

Condensation is the correct answer because it refers to the change of state from a gas to a liquid. When a gas cools down, it loses energy and its particles slow down, causing them to come closer together. This results in the formation of liquid droplets, which is known as condensation. This process commonly occurs when warm, moist air comes into contact with a cold surface, such as when water vapor in the air condenses on a cold glass.

The particles that make up matter are TOO SMALL to be seen even with a POWERFUL MICROSCOPE.

A chemical formula is a group of symbols that show the kind and number of each element in a single unit of a compound. It provides a concise representation of the elements present in a compound and their relative proportions. By using chemical formulas, scientists can easily communicate and understand the composition of different compounds.

Particles in gas are FARTHER APART and move FASTER than particles in solids or liquids. As the particles move, they SPREAD OUT in all directions, FILLING their container.

The correct answer is "the smallest part of an element that has the properties of that element." An atom is the basic unit of matter and consists of a nucleus (containing protons and neutrons) surrounded by electrons. Atoms are the building blocks of all elements and retain the unique properties of the element they belong to.

A chemical symbol is a representation of an element using one or two letters. It is a shorthand way to identify and communicate the name of an element. Chemical symbols are based on the element's name or its Latin name, making it easier to write and refer to elements in scientific contexts. They are widely used in chemistry and other scientific fields to denote specific elements in formulas, equations, and periodic tables.

The foumula shows that a water molecule is made up of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

The early scientists concluded that all matter is made of tiny bits or particles. This conclusion was reached based on their observations and experiments, which showed that matter could be broken down into smaller and smaller pieces. They hypothesized that these tiny bits or particles were the building blocks of all matter. This idea laid the foundation for the development of the atomic theory and our understanding of the composition of matter.

Iodine is represented by the symbol "I" on the periodic table.

A compound is a type of matter that consists of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together. Unlike mixtures, where the components can be physically separated, compounds cannot be easily separated into their individual elements. Similarly, a solution is a homogeneous mixture, but it does not necessarily involve the combination of elements. Therefore, the correct answer is compound.

The formula C6 H12 O6 represents the molecular formula of fructose. In this formula, the numbers 6, 12, and 6 represent the number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, respectively, present in a single molecule of fructose. By adding these numbers together, we get a total of 24 atoms in a fructose molecule.

Gold is valuable because it is rare. Gold is not easily found or abundant in nature, which makes it a scarce resource. The limited supply of gold creates a high demand for it, driving up its value in the market. Additionally, the rarity of gold adds to its appeal and prestige, making it a sought-after commodity for jewelry, investment, and other purposes.

Scientists discovered much of what is known about matter by studying gases. Through experiments and observations, scientists were able to understand the behavior and properties of gases, such as their volume, pressure, and temperature. This knowledge led to the development of the gas laws and the understanding of concepts like atomic and molecular structure. The study of gases also played a crucial role in the development of various scientific fields, including chemistry and physics.

The chemical formula of sucrose, C12 H22 O11, tells us that a molecule of sucrose is made up of 45 atoms. This is because there are 12 carbon atoms (C12), 22 hydrogen atoms (H22), and 11 oxygen atoms (O11) in each molecule of sucrose.

An element is any material made up of only one kind of matter. This means that all the atoms in an element have the same number of protons in their nucleus, giving them unique chemical properties. Elements are the building blocks of the periodic table and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical reactions. Examples of elements include oxygen, carbon, and gold.

Gases have the ability to spread out and fill their container because they have no fixed shape or volume. Unlike solids or liquids, the particles in a gas are not closely packed together and are in constant random motion. This allows them to move freely and occupy the entire available space within their container.

Example: all the atoms in a piece of iron are iron atoms. iron atoms are different from the atoms that make up any other element.

The correct answer is "liquid, solid, gas". This answer correctly identifies the three states of water: liquid, solid (ice), and gas (water vapor). Water can exist in all three states depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This property is unique to water and is essential for its role in supporting life on Earth.

Boiling is the correct answer because it refers to the rapid change of state from a liquid to a gas. When a liquid reaches its boiling point, the molecules gain enough energy to overcome the attractive forces holding them together, causing them to break free and form a gas. This process is characterized by the formation of bubbles and the release of vapor.