Health Policy Final Exam

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  • 1/40 Questions

    All of the following is true about population pyramids EXCEPT:

    • It is a diagram that gives information about the proportion of male and female in each age group .
    • It reflects the extent of the development of the country .
    • Migration could play a major role in the shaping of population pyramid
    • The shape of population pyramids vary from country to another , and similar at the same country in different time
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  • 2. 

    Which of the following is not included in DTM ?

    • China

    • India

    • USA

    • Sub Saharan African

    • Non of above

    Correct Answer
    A. Non of above
    Explanation
    The question is asking which of the options is not included in DTM (Demographic Transition Model). DTM is a model that shows the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops. China, India, USA, and Sub Saharan African are all regions or countries that can be included in the DTM as they have populations that undergo demographic transitions. Therefore, the correct answer is "Non of above" as none of the options are excluded from the DTM.

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  • 3. 

    All of the following is false about the information in the reading of population pyramid EXCEPT:

    • Number of male and females in each age group is represented by the length of vertical axis

    • The pyramid keeps narrowing with gain of member due to birth

    • Male and female population are plotted on the same side.

    • Each year a new cohort is born and added to the bottom of the pyramids , while the older cohorts move up .

    • Non of above

    Correct Answer
    A. Each year a new cohort is born and added to the bottom of the pyramids , while the older cohorts move up .
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "each year a new cohort is born and added to the bottom of the pyramids, while the older cohorts move up." This statement is true about the information in the reading of population pyramid. The population pyramid represents the number of males and females in each age group by the length of the vertical axis, and it narrows with the gain of members due to birth. Additionally, both male and female populations are plotted on the same side. Therefore, the statement that is false is that each year a new cohort is born and added to the bottom of the pyramids, while the older cohorts move up.

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  • 4. 

    One of the following is false regarding the constrictive pyramids :

    • Low mortality rate

    • Population growth is rapid

    • Long life expectancy

    • Few,or no negative environmental factor .

    • Low birth rate

    Correct Answer
    A. Population growth is rapid
    Explanation
    The given answer states that population growth is rapid, which is false regarding constrictive pyramids. Constrictive pyramids indicate a declining population, with a smaller number of younger individuals compared to older individuals. This suggests a low birth rate and slower population growth. Therefore, the statement that population growth is rapid is incorrect.

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  • 5. 

    Public health focused on all of the following EXCEPT :

    • Population

    • Disease control

    • Treatment of the individual

    • nutrition

    • Health promotion and prevention

    Correct Answer
    A. Treatment of the individual
    Explanation
    Public health is a field that aims to improve the overall health and well-being of a population. It focuses on various aspects such as disease control, nutrition, health promotion, and prevention. However, the treatment of the individual is not a primary focus of public health. While public health interventions may indirectly benefit individuals, the main goal is to address health issues at a population level rather than providing individual medical treatment.

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  • 6. 

     "Ahmad , 26 years old , he is graduated from The Hashemite University last year , and the MOH gave him a certificate to practice medicine " this is an example of :

    • Regulate product

    • Regulate consumer

    • Regulate advertising

    • Regulate promotion

    • Regulate service producer

    Correct Answer
    A. Regulate service producer
    Explanation
    The given statement describes Ahmad, a person who has received a certificate from the Ministry of Health (MOH) to practice medicine. This indicates that Ahmad is a service producer in the field of medicine. Therefore, the correct answer is "Regulate service producer."

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  • 7. 

    Premature Cardiovascular death count for what % in MENA region :

    • 20%

    • 39%

    • 25%

    • 50%

    • 45%

    Correct Answer
    A. 45%
    Explanation
    Premature cardiovascular death counts for 45% in the MENA region. This means that almost half of the deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases in the Middle East and North Africa occur prematurely. This statistic highlights the significant impact of cardiovascular diseases on the population in this region, emphasizing the need for effective preventive measures and healthcare interventions to reduce the mortality rate.

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  • 8. 

    Ll of the following leading cause of death in Jordan , but one of them is not increasing with time

    • Hypertensive heart disease

    • Road injury

    • Chronic kidney disease

    • Ishemic heart disease

    • Diabetes

    Correct Answer
    A. Ishemic heart disease
    Explanation
    Ischemic heart disease is the correct answer because it is the only leading cause of death in Jordan that is not increasing with time. The other causes, including hypertensive heart disease, road injury, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes, may be increasing in prevalence or contributing to a higher mortality rate over time. However, ischemic heart disease remains stable or possibly decreasing in terms of its impact on mortality in Jordan.

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  • 9. 

    When you want to know how many people died from cancer disease from all people have suffered from cancer , which formula you use to calculate ?

    • Crude rate

    • Case fatality

    • Cause specific

    • Proportionate mortality ratio (PMR)

    • All of above

    Correct Answer
    A. Case fatality
    Explanation
    Case fatality is the appropriate formula to calculate the number of people who died from a specific disease, in this case, cancer, out of all the people who have suffered from cancer. It provides a measure of the severity of the disease and the likelihood of death once diagnosed with cancer. Crude rate refers to the overall death rate from a specific cause in a population, cause-specific rate focuses on the death rate from a specific cause within a population, and proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) compares the proportion of deaths from a specific cause to all deaths in a population. However, case fatality specifically addresses the number of deaths among those who have the disease.

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  • 10. 

    The leading behavior risk factor in jordan for men (in 2011) , and women (in 2008) respectively , :

    • Obesity (47.1%) , smoking (41%)

    • Smoking (41.7%) , obesity (47%)

    • Smoking (47%) , obesity (41.7%)

    • Obesity (47%) , smoking (41.7%)

    • Smoking (47.7%) , obesity (41.2%)

    Correct Answer
    A. Smoking (47%) , obesity (41.7%)
    Explanation
    The leading behavior risk factor in Jordan for men in 2011 was smoking at 47% and obesity at 41.7%. This means that a significant portion of the male population in Jordan engaged in smoking, which is a known risk factor for various health issues. Additionally, a considerable percentage of men in Jordan also suffered from obesity, which is another behavior risk factor associated with numerous health complications.

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  • 11. 

    All of the demographic factors have an impact on life expectancy EXCEPT : 

    • Gender

    • Defensive medicine

    • Culture and education

    • SES

    • Emerging disease

    Correct Answer
    A. Defensive medicine
    Explanation
    Defensive medicine is the only option among the given factors that does not directly affect life expectancy. Gender, culture and education, SES (socioeconomic status), and emerging diseases all have a significant impact on life expectancy. However, defensive medicine refers to the practice of medical professionals ordering unnecessary tests or procedures to protect themselves from potential lawsuits, which does not directly influence life expectancy.

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  • 12. 

     in Youth bulge : 

    • Reducing infant mortality , but mother still have high birth rate

    • It occurs in developed country

    • The death is equal to birth rate

    • Two of above are correct

    • All of above

    Correct Answer
    A. Reducing infant mortality , but mother still have high birth rate
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Reducing infant mortality, but mothers still have a high birth rate." This answer suggests that in a youth bulge, infant mortality rates have decreased, meaning fewer infants are dying at a young age. However, mothers still have a high birth rate, resulting in a larger population of young people. This can lead to various social and economic challenges for a country.

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  • 13. 

    The major international agency for health is :

    • The world bank

    • WFP

    • UNICEF

    • WHO

    • Save the children

    Correct Answer
    A. WHO
    Explanation
    WHO, or the World Health Organization, is the major international agency for health. It is responsible for coordinating and directing international health efforts, providing leadership on global health matters, and setting health norms and standards. WHO works with countries and partners to address health challenges, promote health equity, and respond to emergencies and outbreaks. It plays a crucial role in shaping health policies, conducting research, and providing technical assistance and support to countries in improving their health systems.

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  • 14. 

    Which of the following isn't true about "global Health successes " :

    • The late naturally occuring case of the infection "smallpox " was recorded in 1977

    • The eradication of polio approximately 99 %

    • Only 5 cases was recorded in the tapeworm in 2015

    • B+C

    • Non of above

    Correct Answer
    A. Only 5 cases was recorded in the tapeworm in 2015
    Explanation
    The statement "only 5 cases was recorded in the tapeworm in 2015" is not true.

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  • 15. 

    All of these statements are true EXCEPT:

    • Life expectancy:the expected number of year of life remaining at a given age base on the year of their birth or their current age

    • Mortality:disease statistics

    • Zero population growth: birth rates and death rates cancel each other

    • Regulatory policies:a rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding

    • Two of above

    Correct Answer
    A. Two of above
    Explanation
    The given question asks for the statement that is not true among the options provided. The explanation for the correct answer, "Two of above", is that it implies that two statements among the given options are not true. Therefore, it contradicts the question's requirement of finding the statement that is NOT true.

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  • 16. 

    One of these is TRUE regarding "youth bulge":

    • Common phenomenon in many developed country

    • A stage of development of country when there is reduced fertility rate but still high infant mortality rate

    • Large proportion of the population is comprised of children and young adults

    • As young adults enter the working age, the country dependency ratio will increase

    • Non of above

    Correct Answer
    A. Large proportion of the population is comprised of children and young adults
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "large proportion of the population is comprised of children and young adults." The term "youth bulge" refers to a situation where there is a significant increase in the proportion of young people in a population. This can occur due to factors such as high birth rates or reduced mortality rates among children. The presence of a youth bulge can have various social, economic, and political implications for a country.

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  • 17. 

    All of these statements are FALSE EXCEPT:

    • Evidence based medicine :taking MDGs and applying them to the patient for best outcomes

    • Laws: policies designed to influence the actions, behaviors, and decision of others to ensure that public objectives are met

    • DALY is a way of measuring disease burden

    • Defensive medicine is one of the reasons of why have the health care costs skyrocketed

    • Prevalence: new cases/all population

    Correct Answer
    A. Defensive medicine is one of the reasons of why have the health care costs skyrocketed
    Explanation
    The given answer is correct because it states that defensive medicine is not one of the reasons why healthcare costs have skyrocketed. Defensive medicine refers to medical practices that are primarily driven by the desire to avoid lawsuits rather than providing the best care for the patient. While defensive medicine may contribute to healthcare costs, it is not the main reason for the drastic increase in costs. Factors such as technological advancements, administrative costs, and the aging population are more significant drivers of rising healthcare costs.

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  • 18. 

    MDGs mean:

    • Micro Development Goals

    • Macro Development Goals

    • Millennium Development Goals

    • Merry Development Goals

    • Morbidity Development Goals

    Correct Answer
    A. Millennium Development Goals
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Millennium Development Goals. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were a set of eight international development goals established by the United Nations in 2000. These goals aimed to address various global issues such as poverty, education, gender equality, and environmental sustainability. The MDGs had a target of achieving these goals by the year 2015.

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  • 19. 

    Social responsibility includes all of the following EXCEPT:

    • Achieving equity in health for all people worldwide

    • No harm

    • Reducing costs,wasts

    • Deploy society natural resources

    • Two of above

    Correct Answer
    A. Two of above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "achieving equity in health for all people worldwide" because social responsibility involves taking actions to address social and environmental issues, such as reducing harm, minimizing waste, and responsibly using natural resources. Achieving equity in health for all people worldwide is an important goal, but it falls under the category of social justice rather than social responsibility.

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  • 20. 

    The criteria for a pandemic are:

    • It's deadly

    • It migrates

    • It mutates

    • Spread from person to person

    • All of above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All of above" because all the criteria mentioned (deadly, migrates, mutates, spreads from person to person) are necessary for a pandemic. A pandemic refers to the worldwide spread of a new disease, and for a disease to be classified as a pandemic, it must meet these criteria. If any of these criteria are not met, it would not be considered a pandemic. Therefore, the correct answer is that all of the mentioned criteria are necessary for a pandemic.

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  • 21. 

    The key concerns that were identified in the Hashemite Health Report includes all the following EXCEPT:

    • Low cost

    • Unsatisfactory performance

    • Inequalities in coverage

    • Variable quality

    • Two of above

    Correct Answer
    A. Low cost
    Explanation
    The Hashemite Health Report identified several key concerns, including unsatisfactory performance, inequalities in coverage, and variable quality. However, it did not mention low cost as one of the concerns. This suggests that low cost is not considered a significant issue in the report.

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  • 22. 

    " A country designed a policy for vaccinations and it's changes will be measured after 2 years" this manner of evaluation is for what type of changes:

    • Outcome objectives

    • Impact objectives

    • Process objectives

    • QALY

    • Global health

    Correct Answer
    A. Outcome objectives
    Explanation
    This manner of evaluation, measuring the changes after 2 years, is for outcome objectives. Outcome objectives refer to the desired results or outcomes that a policy or intervention aims to achieve. In this case, the country is evaluating the changes in vaccination rates or outcomes after implementing the policy for 2 years.

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  • 23. 

    The key issues we need to focus to improve global health are:

    • Worldwide improvement of health

    • Increasing of disparities

    • Protection against global threats that disregard national border

    • A+C

    • All of above

    Correct Answer
    A. A+C
    Explanation
    The answer A+C is correct because it encompasses both the worldwide improvement of health and the protection against global threats that disregard national borders. By focusing on these key issues, we can work towards improving global health on a global scale and addressing the disparities that exist in different regions. This comprehensive approach allows for a more holistic and effective strategy in addressing the challenges and promoting better health outcomes worldwide.

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  • 24. 

    The current proportion of global burden if disease in the poorest countries are impacted by lifestyle and behavioural choices : 

    • 50%

    • 25%

    • 45%

    • 40%

    • 30%

    Correct Answer
    A. 25%
    Explanation
    The given answer is 25%. This suggests that lifestyle and behavioral choices have a significant impact on the current proportion of the global burden of disease in the poorest countries. It implies that a quarter of the burden can be attributed to choices made by individuals in these countries, such as their diet, physical activity levels, tobacco and alcohol use, and other behavioral factors. This highlights the importance of promoting healthier lifestyles and behaviors to reduce the burden of disease in these countries.

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  • 25. 

    One of these is NOT TRUE about NCDs :

    • They are considered a diseases of both affluence and poverty

    • Their incidence is increasing but their prevalence is decreasing

    • Account for almost half of all deaths

    • Possibility of secondary prevention

    • One of the leading issues in the world

    Correct Answer
    A. Their incidence is increasing but their prevalence is decreasing
    Explanation
    The given statement is not true because it states that the incidence of NCDs is increasing but their prevalence is decreasing. However, incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a population, while prevalence refers to the total number of cases of a disease in a population at a given time. It is not possible for the incidence to increase while the prevalence decreases, as an increase in new cases would naturally lead to an increase in the total number of cases. Therefore, this statement is contradictory and not true.

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  • 26. 

    One of these is NOT leading cause of death in children under 5 :

    • Pneumonia

    • Malaria

    • Diarrhea

    • Hypertension

    • Sepsis

    Correct Answer
    A. Hypertension
    Explanation
    Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is not a leading cause of death in children under 5. While hypertension is a significant health concern in adults, it is rare for young children to develop this condition. The other options listed (pneumonia, malaria, diarrhea, and sepsis) are all leading causes of death in children under 5, particularly in developing countries where access to healthcare and preventive measures may be limited.

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  • 27. 

    One of these is NOT from the MDGs:

    • Achieve universal higher education

    • Develop a global partnership for development

    • Eradicate poverty & hunger

    • Combat HIV & malaria

    • Reduce child mortality

    Correct Answer
    A. Achieve universal higher education
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Achieve universal higher education." This answer is not from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) because the MDGs focused on eradicating poverty and hunger, reducing child mortality, combating HIV and malaria, and developing a global partnership for development. While achieving universal higher education is an important goal, it was not specifically included in the MDGs.

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  • 28. 

    The disease that effects 40% of the poorest is:

    • HIV/AIDS

    • Malaria

    • Diabetes

    • Obesity

    • TB

    Correct Answer
    A. Malaria
    Explanation
    Malaria is the correct answer because it is a disease that disproportionately affects the poorest population. Malaria is prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to healthcare, which are conditions often found in impoverished communities. Additionally, poverty can increase the risk of malaria due to factors such as lack of mosquito control measures and inadequate housing. Therefore, it is likely that a significant percentage of the poorest population is affected by malaria.

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  • 29. 

    About the Eradicate Extreme Hunger & Poverty Goal , One of these is TRUE:

    • The Goal is to reduce poverty by 40% and it hasn't been reached

    • The Goal is to reduce poverty by 50% and it hasn't been reached

    • The Goal is to reduce poverty by 40% and it has been reached

    • The Goal is to reduce poverty by 50% and it has been reached

    • Non of above

    Correct Answer
    A. The Goal is to reduce poverty by 50% and it has been reached
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that the goal is to reduce poverty by 50% and it has been reached. This means that efforts and measures have been implemented successfully to reduce poverty by the target percentage. It indicates progress in eradicating extreme hunger and poverty, showing that significant strides have been made in improving the living conditions of the impoverished population.

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  • 30. 

    One of these statements is FALSE regarding MDGs:

    • Reducing maternal mortality rates hasn't been fully achieved

    • Gender inequality still persist

    • Doctors without Borders is a result of one of the Goals

    • HIV incidence rates decreased 80%

    • The biggest improvement of universal primary education was in sub saharan Africa

    Correct Answer
    A. HIV incidence rates decreased 80%
    Explanation
    The statement "HIV incidence rates decreased 80%" is false because the MDGs did not specifically target HIV incidence rates. The MDGs focused on reducing poverty, improving education, and promoting gender equality, among other goals. While progress has been made in reducing HIV incidence rates globally, it cannot be attributed solely to the MDGs.

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  • 31. 

    The health policies that have been implanted successfully in Jordan include all of these EXCEPT:

    • All government employees now covered by CHIS

    • Female worker covers her spouse and children

    • Free health insurance to those in the poverty pockets

    • All new hospitals must now have more than 100 beds

    • All of above

    Correct Answer
    A. All new hospitals must now have more than 100 beds
    Explanation
    The health policies that have been successfully implemented in Jordan include all government employees being covered by CHIS, female workers covering their spouse and children, and providing free health insurance to those in poverty pockets. However, the policy that is not included in the successful implementations is the requirement for all new hospitals to have more than 100 beds.

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  • 32. 

    The positive results of health policies implemented in Jordan include:

    • Universal immunization for children was achieved

    • Infant mortality rates is one of the lowest in the region

    • All Jordanians have the right to health care but they still must pay 50jd children under 6 , 160 jd for 6 and older annually

    • Jordan has one of the highest life expectancy in the MENA region(73 vs 70)

    • All of above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of above
    Explanation
    The positive results of health policies implemented in Jordan include achieving universal immunization for children, having one of the lowest infant mortality rates in the region, ensuring that all Jordanians have the right to health care (although they still have to pay a certain amount), and having one of the highest life expectancies in the MENA region.

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  • 33. 

    The vitamin / mineral deficiency is most often linked to preventable mental retardation in children is:

    • Iodine deficiency

    • Ironic deficiency

    • B12 deficiency

    • Vitamin A deficiency

    • Zinc deficiency

    Correct Answer
    A. Iodine deficiency
    Explanation
    Iodine deficiency is most often linked to preventable mental retardation in children. Iodine is an essential mineral that is needed for the production of thyroid hormones, which are crucial for brain development and growth. When there is a deficiency of iodine, the thyroid gland cannot produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to impaired brain development and cognitive function. This condition is known as iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) and can result in irreversible mental retardation if not treated. Therefore, ensuring adequate iodine intake is crucial for preventing mental retardation in children.

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  • 34. 

    When a new better treatment for a disease has been discovered , the one that will happen from these is:

    • Prevalence will increase and incidence will decrease

    • Prevalence will decrease and incidence will decrease

    • Prevalence will decrease only

    • Incidence will decrease only

    • Non of above

    Correct Answer
    A. Prevalence will decrease only
    Explanation
    When a new better treatment for a disease has been discovered, the prevalence will decrease only. This is because the new treatment will be more effective in curing the disease, leading to a decrease in the number of people who currently have the disease. However, the incidence, which refers to the number of new cases of the disease, will not necessarily decrease. The new treatment may not prevent new cases from occurring, but it will reduce the number of people who continue to have the disease over time.

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  • 35. 

    One of these are true regarding incidence and prevalence:

    • Both related to primary prevention

    • Prevalence is related to secondary prevention

    • Pandemic directly change both

    • Incidence has two type : point & period

    • Two of above

    Correct Answer
    A. Prevalence is related to secondary prevention
    Explanation
    Prevalence refers to the total number of cases of a specific disease or condition present in a population at a given time. It is related to secondary prevention because it focuses on the existing cases and measures taken to prevent the progression or recurrence of the disease. Secondary prevention includes interventions such as regular screenings, early detection, and treatment to reduce the impact of the disease on individuals and the population. Therefore, prevalence is a measure that helps in assessing the effectiveness of secondary prevention strategies.

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  • 36. 

    "A country with a low fertility rate and a low mortality rate but the fertility still higher than mortality" One of these is false about that country:

    • It's population pyramid is stationary

    • It's a developed country

    • It has a wide base in the population pyramid

    • It's at the 4th stage in the DTM

    • It's population is stabilized

    Correct Answer
    A. It has a wide base in the population pyramid
    Explanation
    A country with a low fertility rate and a low mortality rate but the fertility still higher than mortality cannot have a wide base in the population pyramid. A wide base in the population pyramid indicates a high birth rate and a large proportion of young individuals in the population. In this case, the low fertility rate contradicts the presence of a wide base in the population pyramid.

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  • 37. 

    " No Smoking in public areas" is an example of: 

    • Law

    • Regulation

    • Operational decisions

    • Judicial decision

    • Macro policies

    Correct Answer
    A. Regulation
    Explanation
    "No Smoking in public areas" is an example of a regulation. A regulation is a rule or directive issued by an authority that has the force of law. In this case, the regulation prohibits smoking in public areas, indicating that it is a legally binding rule imposed by a governing body.

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  • 38. 

    16)health care costs have skyrocketed , because : 

    • Technological developments such as MRIs , CAT scans

    • Demographic changes, refugee influx

    • Malpractice lawsuits pass costs along to patients

    • Administrative costs

    • All of above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All of the above." This is because all the options mentioned in the question contribute to the skyrocketing healthcare costs. Technological developments such as MRIs and CAT scans require expensive equipment and maintenance, leading to increased costs. Demographic changes and refugee influx can strain healthcare systems, leading to higher expenses. Malpractice lawsuits can result in higher insurance premiums and legal fees, which are passed on to patients. Additionally, administrative costs, such as paperwork, billing, and compliance, also contribute to the overall healthcare costs.

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  • 39. 

    A country with a 10000 population , 500 have a hypertension , 200 dead cause of hypertension. The proportion 200/10000 tell us about:

    • Case fatality

    • Cause specific

    • Crude rate

    • PMR

    • Mortality

    Correct Answer
    A. Cause specific
    Explanation
    The proportion 200/10000 tells us about the cause-specific mortality. Cause-specific mortality refers to the number of deaths caused by a specific disease or condition (in this case, hypertension) within a given population. In this scenario, the proportion 200/10000 indicates that out of the 10,000 population, 200 deaths were specifically caused by hypertension.

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  • 40. 

    FDA regulation of pharmaceuticals is an example of:

    • Laws

    • Regulatory policies

    • Macro policies

    • Micro policies

    • Non of above

    Correct Answer
    A. Macro policies
    Explanation
    FDA regulation of pharmaceuticals is an example of macro policies because it involves the regulation and oversight of an entire industry - the pharmaceutical industry. Macro policies are broad policies that are implemented at a national or global level and have a significant impact on the overall economy or a specific sector. In this case, FDA regulations affect the entire pharmaceutical industry by setting standards for drug safety, efficacy, and labeling, as well as overseeing the approval process for new drugs.

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  • Current Version
  • Jun 28, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Dec 25, 2016
    Quiz Created by
    Harmony

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