Science 1st Periodical Test Reviewer

A draw tube is not a cylindrical tube that holds the lens. A draw tube is a part of a microscope that allows for the adjustment of the distance between the eyepiece and the objective lens, which affects the magnification of the specimen being viewed.

The revolving nosepiece is indeed a rotating head attached to the base of the body tube. This component allows for easy switching between different objective lenses on a microscope, allowing the user to quickly adjust the magnification level without having to manually switch lenses. By rotating the nosepiece, the user can select the desired objective lens and bring it into position for viewing.

Staining is the process of adding color to a specimen in order to enhance the visibility of certain structures or cells. It is commonly used in microscopy and histology to highlight specific features and make them easier to observe and study. By applying dyes or stains to the specimen, different cell types or structures can be differentiated and distinguished from one another, providing more details and clarity. Therefore, the statement that the coloring of a specimen to bring out more details in a specific cell is called staining is true.

Steroids are not fatty acids and they are not soluble in water. Steroids are a type of organic compound that have a characteristic structure consisting of four fused rings. They are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol or chloroform.

Cytology is indeed the study of cells. It involves examining the structure, function, and behavior of cells, as well as their interactions with other cells and their environment. This field of study is important in various scientific disciplines, including biology, medicine, and genetics, as it provides insights into the fundamental unit of life and helps in understanding various physiological processes and diseases.

The statement is false. Johannes Purkinje did not discover Golgi bodies. The Golgi apparatus was actually discovered by an Italian biologist named Camillo Golgi in the late 19th century. Golgi bodies, also known as Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex, are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids.

Rudolf Virchow, a German physician and pathologist, did indeed discover cell division. He is credited with the formulation of the cell theory, which states that all living organisms are composed of cells and that cells arise from pre-existing cells through division. Virchow's research and observations on cell division played a crucial role in advancing our understanding of cellular processes and their role in the growth and development of organisms.

The statement is true. The scientific method refers to a systematic and organized approach used by scientists to investigate and understand natural phenomena. It involves making observations, formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. This method ensures that scientific investigations are conducted in a logical and structured manner, allowing for reliable and reproducible results.

Living things have the ability to adapt to their environment in order to survive and thrive. This adaptation can occur through various mechanisms such as physical changes, behavioral adjustments, or physiological processes. By adapting to their surroundings, living things are able to better meet their needs for food, shelter, and reproduction. This characteristic sets them apart from non-living things, which do not possess the ability to adapt or respond to changes in their environment.

Lactose is the correct answer because it is the sugar found in milk. It is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose, and it is the main carbohydrate in milk. Maltose is a sugar formed from the breakdown of starch, sucrose is commonly known as table sugar and is made up of glucose and fructose, while lactose is specific to milk.

Malt sugar refers to a type of sugar that is derived from malted grains, such as barley. The correct answer, Maltose, is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked together. It is commonly found in malted grains and is used in brewing and baking processes. Sucrose, on the other hand, is table sugar derived from sugarcane or sugar beets, while lactose is the sugar found in milk. Therefore, Maltose is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the type of sugar derived from malted grains.

Charles Darwin is known as the "Father of Evolution" because he proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection. His work, particularly his book "On the Origin of Species," revolutionized the field of biology and had a profound impact on our understanding of the diversity of life on Earth. Darwin's theory of evolution remains a fundamental concept in modern biology and has influenced many areas of scientific research.

The correct answer is C because carbon (C) is the main element in organic compounds. Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon atoms bonded to other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Carbon is unique in its ability to form stable covalent bonds with other carbon atoms, allowing for the formation of complex and diverse organic molecules. Therefore, C is the most essential element in organic compounds.

Iron (Fe) is the correct answer because it is the carrier of oxygen in the blood. Iron is a crucial component of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to the body's tissues. Without iron, the blood would not be able to effectively transport oxygen, leading to oxygen deprivation in the body's organs and tissues.

The term "Neutral" does not correspond to any commonly known type of microscope. Simple, compound, and phase contrast are all well-known types of microscopes used in various scientific and medical applications. Therefore, "Neutral" is the correct answer as it does not belong to the category of microscopes.

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek is known as the "Father of Microscopy" because he was the first person to invent and use a microscope to observe and document microorganisms. His discoveries greatly advanced the field of microbiology and laid the foundation for the study of cells and microorganisms. This is why the correct answer is 7 - Father of Microscopy.

Aristotle is often referred to as the "Father of Biology" because he was one of the first scientists to study and classify living organisms. He developed a system of taxonomy, which is the science of classifying and categorizing organisms based on their characteristics. This system laid the foundation for modern taxonomy and our understanding of the diversity of life on Earth. Additionally, Aristotle's work in taxonomy also influenced the development of the field of old taxonomy, which focused on classifying organisms based on their similarities and differences. Therefore, the correct answer is (4) Father of Biology & Old Taxonomy.

Sectioning refers to the process of slicing a specimen that has been embedded into a medium, such as paraffin or resin, into very thin cuts. This is typically done using a microtome, a specialized instrument that allows for precise cutting of the specimen. These thin sections are then mounted onto slides and can be stained or otherwise prepared for microscopic examination. Soaking a specimen in a fixture or performing operations under the microscope are not accurate descriptions of sectioning.

The correct answer is "Acid" because "phosphoglyceric" refers to a type of acid called phosphoglyceric acid.

The scientific attitude involves curiosity, open-mindedness, skepticism, and objectivity. It requires individuals to question and critically evaluate information. Being obedient does not align with the scientific attitude as it implies following instructions without questioning or challenging them. Scientific inquiry encourages individuals to think independently and question authority, which is not reflected in an obedient mindset.

Versalius is known for his work in human anatomy, specifically the study of corpses. He made significant contributions to the field by conducting detailed dissections and documenting his findings. His work laid the foundation for modern understanding of human anatomy and has had a lasting impact on the field of medicine. Therefore, the correct answer is (2) Human Anatomy (Corpses).

The correct answer is "tri-". The prefix "tri-" indicates that there are three phosphate groups attached to the adenosine molecule. This is a common prefix used in biochemistry to denote molecules with three of a certain functional group. In this case, it signifies that there are three phosphate groups attached to the adenosine molecule.

Robert Hook is known for his contributions to the field of microscopy, particularly in the discovery and description of cells. He is credited with developing the compound microscope and coining the term "cell" to describe the basic unit of life. His work laid the foundation for the field of cell biology and greatly advanced our understanding of the microscopic world. Therefore, the correct answer is 3) Cell.

Anabolism refers to the constructive phase or building up process in which complex molecules are synthesized from simpler ones, resulting in the growth and maintenance of body tissues. This process requires energy and is essential for the body to build and repair tissues, as well as to store energy for future use. Anabolism is the opposite of catabolism, which is the destructive phase or breaking down process.

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Carolus Linnaeus is known as the "Father of Modern Taxonomy" because he developed the binomial nomenclature system for naming and classifying organisms. This system is still widely used in biology today. Linnaeus's work laid the foundation for the modern field of taxonomy, which involves organizing and categorizing organisms based on their characteristics and evolutionary relationships.

Catabolism refers to the destructive phase or breaking up process in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones, releasing energy in the process. This process is essential for the body to obtain energy and nutrients from food and other sources. During catabolism, large molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down into smaller molecules like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids, respectively. This energy released during catabolism is then used for various metabolic processes in the body.

The correct answer is 4) Maramba. This answer is based on the given category of "Filipino Scientist" and the specific field mentioned, which is "Agricultural Technology and Business." Among the given choices, Maramba is the most likely candidate as a Filipino scientist specializing in this field.

The correct answer is N. In this context, "life's giant molecule" refers to DNA, which is composed of nucleotides. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and contain a nitrogenous base. Therefore, N, which represents nitrogen, is the key element in life's giant molecule.

Metabolism refers to the sum of all chemical processes taking place inside the cell. These processes include the conversion of food into energy, the synthesis of molecules, and the breakdown of waste products. It is an essential process for maintaining cellular functions and enabling growth, repair, and reproduction.

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Chitin is a complex sugar that is found in the exoskeleton of animals. It provides structural support and protection to the animals, forming a hard outer layer. Chitin is a tough and insoluble substance that helps in maintaining the shape and integrity of the exoskeleton. It is not found in plants, stored in plants, or found in the outer wall of plants. Additionally, while it may be insoluble to humans, this is not the primary characteristic of chitin.

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The downmost level of organization is compounds. Compounds are made up of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together. In the hierarchy of organization, compounds are at the lowest level because they are the smallest and simplest unit. Organelles are structures within cells, cells are the basic building blocks of living organisms, tissues are groups of similar cells working together, and organs are composed of different tissues working together. Therefore, compounds are the most basic level of organization.

Patience is not considered a scientific attitude because it does not directly relate to the process of scientific inquiry or the mindset required for scientific research. While patience may be beneficial in certain aspects of scientific work, such as conducting long-term experiments or waiting for results, it is not a fundamental attitude that defines the scientific approach. Scientific attitudes such as serendipity, open-mindedness, perseverance, and humility are all essential for the pursuit of knowledge and the advancement of scientific understanding.