Medical Term Quiz Questions Part - 23

Explanation
The term "trifoliate appearance" refers to the appearance of a three-lobed or cloverleaf-like shape. In the context of the given options, peptic ulcer is the only condition that can present with this characteristic appearance. Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine, and they can sometimes have a trifoliate appearance due to their shape and location. Pyloric stenosis refers to a narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the small intestine, while ca head of pancreas refers to cancer in the head of the pancreas. However, neither of these conditions typically present with a trifoliate appearance.

Explanation
Mucosal granularity is the earliest sign of ulcerative colitis on double-contrast barium enema (DCBE). This refers to a rough or granular appearance of the colonic mucosa, which is caused by inflammation and ulceration of the inner lining of the colon. This finding is commonly seen in the early stages of ulcerative colitis and can help in the diagnosis of the condition. Loss of haustrations, collar-button ulcer, and lead pipe colon are all characteristic findings of advanced ulcerative colitis, but they are not the earliest signs on DCBE.

Explanation
The string sign of Kantor is a radiological sign that is seen in Crohn's disease. It refers to a narrow, elongated segment of the small bowel that appears like a string on imaging studies such as barium studies or CT scans. This sign is indicative of strictures or narrowing of the bowel due to inflammation and fibrosis in Crohn's disease. It is named after Dr. Kantor, who first described this characteristic radiological finding.

Explanation
Stierlin sign refers to the narrowing of the terminal ileum with rapid emptying into a shortened, rigid, or obliterated cecum. This sign is commonly seen in cases of Crohn's disease, where there is inflammation and scarring in the ileocecal region. The narrowing and rapid emptying of the terminal ileum into the cecum can be visualized on imaging studies such as barium enema or CT scans. The Stierlin sign is an important diagnostic finding for Crohn's disease and helps differentiate it from other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.

Explanation
The Fleischner, Stierlin, and String signs are radiological findings that are highly specific for ileocecal tuberculosis (TB). These signs refer to characteristic changes seen on imaging studies such as X-rays or CT scans of the abdomen, which are indicative of TB infection in the ileocecal region. Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and ileocecal carcinoma do not typically exhibit these specific radiological signs associated with ileocecal TB. Therefore, the correct answer is ileocecal TB.

Explanation
The cupola sign in pneumoperitoneum is found in the supine position. This refers to the presence of free air under the diaphragm, which can be visualized on imaging studies such as X-rays or CT scans. In the supine position, the air rises and collects under the diaphragm, creating a characteristic appearance resembling a dome or cupola. This finding is important in diagnosing pneumoperitoneum, which can be caused by conditions such as bowel perforation or abdominal trauma.

Explanation
The hat sign on a double-contrast barium enema is typically seen with a polyp. This sign refers to the appearance of a small, rounded filling defect with a thin, elongated projection resembling the brim of a hat. It is a characteristic finding associated with colonic polyps, which are abnormal growths that can develop in the lining of the colon. Polyps can vary in size and shape and may be precancerous or cancerous in some cases. Therefore, identifying the hat sign on a barium enema can be an important diagnostic clue for the presence of a polyp.

Explanation
The normal portal vein pressure is about 3-5 mm of Hg. The portal vein is responsible for carrying blood from the digestive organs to the liver. A normal portal vein pressure indicates that the blood flow to the liver is functioning properly. Higher pressures may indicate liver disease or other conditions that can affect liver function. Lower pressures may suggest a decrease in blood flow to the liver.

Explanation
The caudate lobe is usually fed by branches of the left portal vein. This is because the left portal vein supplies blood to the left lobe of the liver, which includes the caudate lobe. The right portal vein, on the other hand, supplies blood to the right lobe of the liver. Therefore, the correct answer is the left portal vein.