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Concentration
Decentralization
Segregation
Invasion
Concentration
Decentralization
Segregation
Invasion
Concentration
Decentralization
Segregation
Invasion
Concentration
Decentralization
Segregation
Invasion
Succession
Assimilation
Segregation
Invasion
Succession
Assimilation/ Accommodation
Segregation
Invasion
Roderick D. McKenzie
Amos H. Hawley
Robert Park
Everett Hughes
Ernest W. Burgess
Ernest W. Burgerss
Homer Hoyt
Edward Ullman & Chauncy Harris
Peter Mann
None of the choices
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City develops in a series of sectors instead of rings
As city grows, activities expands in a wedge, or sector, from the center (due to emergence of star-shaped transportation routes - bus lines/street car lines)
Once district with high-class housing is established, the most expensive houses are built on the outer edge of that district further from the center
Place of high value land uses not only in CBD but tend to follow the arterial (new high accessibility area, i.e. waterfront, mountainous, etc.)
City grows from several independent points or growth centers where activities revolve rather than from one CBD
Relates accessibility (transport), land use and land values
Travel time rather than transport cost is the important determinant of land use
Takes into account the effect of route ways for land use
Major roads radiate from center of town
Commercial development follows transport routes resulting in Star-shaped pattern of land use
Commuter village separated from built up areas as main feature
City grows from several independent points or growth centers where activities revolve rather than from one CBD
No clear CBD
Separate nuclei often a result of requirements of specialized facilities and rent
Certain activities repel each other (factories and high class residential)
Local government played a crucial role in slum clearance and gentrification
Certain activities require highly specialized facilities
Certain activities cluster because they profit from mutual association
Certain activities repel each other and will not be found in the same area
Certain activities could not make a profit if they paid the high rent of the most desirable locations
Certain activities is inversely related to the distance between them
1 Open Space; 2 Wholesale and Light Manufacturing
3 Lower Class; 4 Middle Class
5 Upper Class; 6 Heavy Manufacturing
7 Sub-Business District; 8 Residential Suburb
9 Industrial Suburb, 1 CBD
1 City Centre; A- Middle Class Sector
2 Transitional Zone; B- Lower-Middle-Class Sector
5 Commuting Distance Villages; C-Working Class Sector
D lndustry and lowest working class area
D High Class Sector
The structure of a city is a complex interplay between rings and sectors (combination of Burgess and Hoyt)
Commuter village separated from built up areas as main feature
The twilight zone (transition zone) was not concentric around the CBD
Local government played a crucial role in slum clearance and gentrification
A commercial spine and axis of business is surrounded by elite residential housing