Medical Review Quiz 21

Standard Precautions are a set of infection control practices that are designed to be used for all patients, regardless of their infection status. These precautions include hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment (such as gloves, masks, and gowns), safe injection practices, and proper handling and disposal of contaminated materials. By implementing these precautions for all patients, healthcare workers can reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agents and protect both themselves and their patients from potential infections.

Forceps are a type of instrument that is used to grasp or hold tissues or objects. They are commonly used in medical and surgical procedures to hold and manipulate tissues, remove foreign objects, or assist in suturing. Forceps are designed with two blades that can be locked in place, allowing for a secure grip on the tissue or object. They come in various sizes and shapes, each suited for specific tasks.

The physician uses an ophthalmoscope to examine the patient's eye. An ophthalmoscope is a medical device that allows the physician to view the interior structures of the eye, including the retina, optic disc, and blood vessels. It consists of a light source and a set of lenses that enable the physician to magnify and focus on different parts of the eye. By using an ophthalmoscope, the physician can assess the health of the eye and detect any abnormalities or conditions that may be present.

The correct answer is "Usually higher in children than in adults." This is because children have smaller hearts and their cardiovascular systems are still developing, so their hearts need to beat faster to pump enough blood to their bodies. As people age, their hearts become more efficient and don't need to work as hard, resulting in a lower pulse rate in adults compared to children.

When opening a sterile pack, it is important to open the top flap away from the body. This is to prevent any potential contamination from the body to the sterile contents of the pack. By opening the flap away from the body, any particles or microorganisms that may be present on the body are less likely to come into contact with the sterile items. Opening the flap in any other direction could increase the risk of contamination and compromise the sterility of the pack.

An infection that has a rapid onset, severe symptoms, and subsides in a short period is called acute. This term is used to describe infections that develop quickly, have intense symptoms, and typically resolve within a short period of time. Acute infections are often caused by viruses or bacteria and can affect various parts of the body. Unlike chronic infections, which last for a long time, acute infections are characterized by their short duration.

The normal oral temperature is typically considered to be 98.6' F.

The pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure refers to the highest pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts, while diastolic blood pressure refers to the lowest pressure when the heart is at rest between beats. The pulse pressure is an indicator of the strength and elasticity of the arteries. A wider pulse pressure may indicate increased risk of cardiovascular disease, while a narrower pulse pressure may indicate reduced cardiac output.

During a physical examination, percussion is most commonly used to examine the chest and back. Percussion involves tapping on the body surface to produce sounds that can help assess the underlying structures. In the case of the chest and back, percussion can be used to evaluate the condition of the lungs, heart, and other organs in the thoracic cavity. By listening to the resulting sounds, healthcare professionals can gather information about the presence of fluid, air, or abnormalities in these areas. This technique is particularly useful in diagnosing conditions such as pneumonia, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.

The normal respiratory rate for an adult is typically between 14 to 20 breaths per minute. This range indicates the average number of breaths a person takes within a minute. It is important for the respiratory rate to fall within this range as it signifies that the individual's breathing is within a healthy and normal range. A respiratory rate that is too low or too high may indicate an underlying health issue.

The patient should be placed in a sitting position for examination of the head and neck. This position allows for a better view and access to the head and neck area, making it easier for the healthcare professional to examine and assess any abnormalities or issues. Additionally, the sitting position allows the patient to be more comfortable and relaxed during the examination.

Visual acuity refers to the sharpness and clarity of vision. It is a measure of how well a person can see details and distinguish between objects at a specific distance. The term is commonly used in optometry to assess the quality of a person's vision. A high visual acuity indicates clear and sharp vision, while a low visual acuity suggests blurry or unclear vision. Therefore, "clearness of vision" is the correct answer that accurately defines visual acuity.

Disposable single-use gloves should be worn when handling specimens and when performing venipuncture. This is because these activities involve direct contact with bodily fluids, which may pose a risk of infection or contamination. Wearing gloves helps to protect both the healthcare worker and the patient from potential transmission of pathogens. Wearing gloves when taking a blood pressure is not necessary unless there is a risk of contact with bodily fluids. Therefore, the correct answer is B and C.

The patient who is 72 inches tall is 6 feet in height. This is because there are 12 inches in a foot, so dividing 72 by 12 gives us 6 feet.

A patient lying flat on the abdomen is in the prone position. In this position, the patient's body is facing downwards, with the abdomen and chest resting on the bed or surface. This position is commonly used for procedures or examinations that require access to the back or spine. It allows for better visualization and access to the posterior aspect of the body.

The correct answer is 99. To convert kilograms to pounds, you need to multiply the weight in kilograms by 2.2046. Therefore, 45 kilograms is equal to approximately 99 pounds.

If the sterilization indicator has not changed color, it indicates that the pack has not been properly sterilized. To ensure sterilization, it is necessary to unwrap the pack, rewrap it, replace the indicator, and resterilize it. This process will help to ensure that the pack is properly sterilized and safe for use.

Performing breast self-examination 1 week after her period is the best time because the breasts are less likely to be swollen or tender at this time. Swelling and tenderness can make it more difficult to detect any abnormalities or changes in the breast tissue. Therefore, performing the examination when the breasts are not as sensitive can help ensure a more accurate and thorough examination.

All of the given options can cause a decrease in pulse rate. During sleep, the body's metabolism slows down, leading to a decrease in heart rate. Brain injury can cause increased pressure in the brain, which can result in a decrease in pulse rate. Hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, can also cause a decrease in pulse rate. Therefore, all of the above options can contribute to a decrease in pulse rate.

The correct answer is left side and chest, with right leg flexed. The Sims' position is a side-lying position where the patient lies on their left side with the right leg flexed. This position is commonly used for procedures such as rectal exams, enemas, and sigmoidoscopy. It allows for easy access to the rectal area while providing comfort and stability for the patient.

The patient's reaction to stress, use of defense mechanisms, and resources for support would be recorded under social history. This section of the patient's medical record focuses on their social and environmental factors, including their relationships, living situation, employment, and support system. It provides important context for understanding the patient's overall well-being and how they cope with stressors in their life.

A proctoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the rectum. It involves inserting a thin, flexible tube called a proctoscope into the rectum to visualize the rectal lining and surrounding tissues. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose and monitor conditions such as hemorrhoids, rectal bleeding, inflammation, and tumors in the rectum. By examining the rectum, doctors can assess its health and detect any abnormalities or diseases that may require further investigation or treatment.

A high fever occurs when the body temperature is between 103' to 105' F. This range indicates a significantly elevated body temperature, which is often a sign of an underlying illness or infection. It is important to monitor and manage high fevers as they can cause discomfort and potentially lead to complications.

The correct answer is "All of the above" because subjective findings in healthcare refer to information that is based on the patient's own experiences and perceptions. This includes how the patient feels, which is crucial in assessing their overall well-being and identifying any symptoms or concerns they may have. Additionally, information about the patient's family can provide valuable insights into their medical history and potential genetic factors that may impact their health. Previous pregnancies are also relevant as they can provide important information about the patient's reproductive health and any potential complications that may arise. Therefore, all of these options are considered subjective findings in healthcare.

Acquired active immunity refers to the immune response that develops in an individual after being exposed to a pathogen or receiving a vaccine. This type of immunity is characterized by the production of antibodies and memory cells that provide long-term protection against future infections. In the context of the given question, acquiring immunity from having the disease implies that the individual's immune system has responded to the pathogen and developed a specific immune response, leading to acquired active immunity.

During an obstetrics examination, urine is routinely checked for the presence of glucose and protein. This is because the presence of glucose in urine can indicate gestational diabetes, a condition that can develop during pregnancy. Protein in urine can be a sign of preeclampsia, a potentially dangerous condition characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. Therefore, checking for the presence of both glucose and protein in urine helps monitor the health of the mother and the baby during pregnancy.

Scrubbing an item with soap and water before sterilization is considered sanitization. Sanitization is the process of reducing the number of microorganisms on a surface to a safe level, thereby preventing the spread of infection. Scrubbing with soap and water helps to physically remove dirt, debris, and some microorganisms from the item, making it cleaner and reducing the risk of contamination. However, it is important to note that sanitization alone may not completely eliminate all microorganisms, which is why sterilization is often required for complete disinfection.

The answer 8-0 is the finest suture material in the given list. The numbers represent the size of the suture material, with smaller numbers indicating finer threads. Therefore, 8-0 is smaller and finer compared to 4-0, 000, 00, and 0.

Sterile-wrapped items can be safely stored for 21 to 28 days. This means that the items are free from any microorganisms or contaminants that could cause infection. After this time period, there is a higher risk of contamination, so the items should not be considered sterile anymore. It is important to adhere to these storage guidelines to maintain the integrity and safety of the items.