Medication Quizzes Online & Trivia

When it comes to the maximum amount of time for the transfusion of a unit of packed red blood cells, four hours is the tops. Around 30 minutes is the minimum amount of time. What this four hour maximum rule means is that in order for the blood transfusion to be done correctly and effeciently that the transfusion should be done within four hours of the blood pack being brought out of its cold storage unit. There have been numerous studies done by medical research companies from all over the world and the consensus is that in order for a unit of packed red blood cells to be able to work properly they need to be transfused within four hours. This makes sure that the blood cells will not coagulate and gell together and the most important thing is that they will be able to be safely transferred and transfused to a needed patient.

Previous answers have indicated that the correct protocol would be to gently aspirate the IV to check for a blood return. In this case, a blood return on the IV could certainly mean that the patient had high blood pressure and needed this medication. If someone has atrial fibrillation, they have a rapid heartbeat that is often irregular. This causes poor blood flow. No blood return on the IV could mean that there’s a low blood pressure or something else is wrong, and in this case, the nurse should not give the Cardizem because it could worsen the situation. Regardless, blood return on an IV is typical and means everything is in working order. It’s good to have a blood return on an IV, if somewhat disturbing if you’ve never had it happen before.

There is no big difference between Roxicodone and oxycodone. They are narcotic drugs for a pain reliever. The basic difference between oxycodone and Roxicodone is that, oxycodone is the most common name for the drug, while Roxicodone is just a brand name of the same drug. This means, when you are talking about oxycodone, you are as well referring to Roxicodone. Roxicodone has the same composition as oxycodone. Oxycodone is used for suppressing pains. And it is also used by those who are coughing because it helps to reduce the pains experienced while coughing. Oxycodone does not stop the sensation of pain but rather reduce its effect. Oxycodone is used to people manage their pains. Oxycodone, however, has some side effects and that's why it is always advised to use the drug with caution. However, oxycodone can cause depression, headache, nausea, it can also depress breathing in old people and this can lead to abnormal heartbeats.

IM (Intramuscular) Injections are required to manage medications or vaccines. The best and safest muscle for IM Injections in the infants (birth to 12 months of age) is Vastus lateralis muscle in the anterolateral aspect of middle or upper thigh. This is because this muscle has a sufficient amount of mass and fat. If another muscle part of the infants (like Ventrogluteal area or Deltoid muscle or Gluteus maximus muscle) is used, then there might be chances for over-insertion of the needle. As a result, either the vaccination could be compromised or it may cause severe pain in the bone of the infants. Hence, the correct answer is option 1. Vastus lateralis muscle.

1. discard the uncapped needle in a puncture-proof container.-rationale: the appropriate procedure is to discard uncapped needles in a puncture-proof, leak-proof container. to reduce the risk of accidental needle sticks, the nurse should never recap a needle. she should never place a used needle in a garbage can or in a medical waste container that isnt puncture-proof and leak-proof. she should never break or bend a needle before discarding it. doing so increases the risk of a needle stick.client needs category: safe, effective care environmentclient needs subcategory: safety and infection controlcognitive level: applicationreference: taylor, c., et al. fundamentals of nursing: the art and science of nursing care, 6th ed. philadelphia: lippincott williams & wilkins, 2008, p. 841.

1. reduced drug dosages.-rationale: in older clients, diminished hepatic and renal function commonly reduces drug metabolism and excretion. because adverse reactions are frequently related to drug blood level, the client may benefit from reduced drug dosages. adverse drug reactions dont represent a reason for nursing home placement. increased drug doses at longer intervals may increase adverse reactions rather than decrease them. although frequent visits to the physician may benefit the client, the visits themselves wont alter how the clients body reacts to the drug.client needs category: health promotion and maintenanceclient needs subcategory: nonecognitive level: comprehensionreference: taylor, c., et al. fundamentals of nursing: the art and science of nursing care, 6th ed. philadelphia: lippincott williams & wilkins, 2008, p. 774.

1. avoid foods high in vitamin k.-rationale: the client should avoid consuming large amounts of vitamin k because vitamin k can interfere with anticoagulation. the client may need to report diarrhea, but anticoagulants dont cause diarrhea. the client should use an electric razor not a straight razor to prevent cuts that bleed. aspirin may increase the risk of bleeding; the client should use acetaminophen for pain relief.client needs category: physiological integrityclient needs subcategory: pharmacological and parenteral therapiescognitive level: applicationreference: abrams, a.c., et al. clinical drug therapy: rationales for nursing practice, 8th ed. lippincott williams & wilkins, 2007, p. 889.

The best course of action to take here is to immediately report it to the nurse, nurse supervisor, or other facility manager that may be in charge. There could be a simple mistake as far as why the medication count was off. One could not simply just stop giving out medication because there are patients that need the medication in order for them to live and have a sound life. If the count comes up wrong, the very first thing that needs to be done and the best course of action to take is to report immediately to the head nurse that is in charge. They will know the protocol as far as finding out as to why the medication count is wrong. If there is something wrong such as someone intentionally doubling up on medication or overdosing, the nurse would be able to know how to handle the situation. This would always warrant the attention of the head nurse on call or staff.

1. clamp the catheter.-rationale: if a central venous catheter becomes disconnected, the nurse should immediately apply a catheter clamp. if a clamp isnt available, the nurse may place a sterile syringe or catheter plug in the catheter hub. after cleaning the hub with alcohol or povidone-iodine solution, the nurse must replace the i.v. extension set and restart the infusion. calling the physician, applying a dry sterile dressing to the site, and telling the client to take a deep breath arent appropriate interventions at this time.client needs category: physiological integrityclient needs subcategory: basic care and comfortcognitive level: applicationreference: smeltzer, s.c., and bare, b. brunner & suddarths textbook of medical surgical-nursing, 11th ed. philadelphia: lippincott williams & wilkins, 2008, p. 1197.

1. obtain another pump from central supply to use for the infusion.-rationale: because safety is imperative for both the nurse and her client, the nurse should obtain another pump. using the pump as is could lead to electric shock. the nurse should never use damaged equipment, even after performing a temporary repair. she should label damaged equipment broken and report it to the appropriate department for repair.client needs category: safe, effective care environmentclient needs subcategory: safety and infection controlcognitive level: comprehensionreference: taylor, c., et al. fundamentals of nursing: the art and science of nursing care, 6th ed. philadelphia: lippincott williams & wilkins, 2008, p. 685.

1. clarify the order with the physician.-rationale: the nurse must call the physician to clarify the order because meperidine 500 mg isnt a safe dosage and the physicians order is incomplete. the order doesnt include a route or frequency of administration. it isnt appropriate for the nurse to administer an unsafe dosage to the client. the nurse should clarify the order with the physician, not with the pharmacist or another nurse.client needs category: safe, effective care environmentclient needs subcategory: safety and infection controlcognitive level: applicationreference: taylor, c., et al. fundamentals of nursing: the art and science of nursing care, 6th ed. philadelphia: lippincott williams & wilkins, 2008, p. 781.

For the all around safety of the patient and the medical facility, the nurse should withold the medication then wait for the doctor and advise them whether the patient should still be taking the glaucoma medication. They had been taking it for three days so that could be a weekend or the three days when the main doctor was not there. While it is known that the patient had a past history with glaucoma, this medication may not be suited for the current needs. This could also mean a disaster for the medical facility. It could open for a myraid of lawsuits if the patient were to become ill or negatively affected by the glaucoma medication. Then there is the simple factor of making sure that the patient is safe. If the situation got to an emergency then an emergency doctor would need to be called. Otherwise, the best thing to do is cease the glaucoma medication until the patients primary doctory gives the okay for that medication to be administered.