Hypertension Medications
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Which of the following hypertension medications is most commonly associated with causing a persistent dry cough as a side effect?
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Beta-blockers (e.g., Metoprolol)
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Calcium channel blockers (e.g., Amlodipine)
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ACE inhibitors (e.g., Lisinopril)
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Diuretics (e.g., Hydrochlorothiazide)
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This quiz focuses on medications used to treat hypertension, exploring common side effects, specific drug properties, and patient scenarios related to these medications.
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- 2.
Which of the following classes of medications is NOT commonly used to treat hypertension?
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ACE inhibitors
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Beta-blockers
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Antibiotics
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Diuretics
Correct Answer
A. AntibioticsExplanation
Antibiotics target bacterial infections, not high blood pressure. ACE inhibitors block a hormone that raises blood pressure. Beta-blockers slow down the heart rate and relax blood vessels. Diuretics help the body get rid of excess water and sodium, which lowers blood volume and, in turn, blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Lasix is usually the first choice of hypertensive medication. What do lasix pt's need to be concerned about?
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Hypokalemeia
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Hyperkalemia
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Hyponatremeia
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Hypernatremia
Correct Answer(s)
A. Hypokalemeia
A. HyponatremeiaExplanation
lasix can deplete electolytes.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Glenn comes into the ED with olguria. Upon his assessment he says that he is on an antihypertensive. Glenn was outside in the hot sun working in his garden when he became dizzy. His wife found him soaked in sweat. What could have caused Glenn's problem?
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ACE inhibitor
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Calcium Channel Blocker
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K sparing diruretic
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Loop Diuretic
Correct Answer
A. Loop DiureticExplanation
Glenn's symptoms of oliguria (decreased urine output) and dizziness after working in the hot sun suggest dehydration. Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, are commonly used to treat conditions like hypertension and heart failure. These medications increase urine production and can lead to dehydration, especially when combined with excessive sweating. Therefore, the loop diuretic could have caused Glenn's problem by contributing to his dehydration.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Aldactone can cause which of the following side effects?
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Hypokalemia
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Hypercalcemia
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Hyperkalemia
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Hyperphosphemia
Correct Answer
A. HyperkalemiaExplanation
Aldactone is a medication that is known to cause hyperkalemia, which is the excessive buildup of potassium in the blood. This side effect occurs because Aldactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, meaning it helps the body retain potassium instead of excreting it through urine. Hyperkalemia can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, irregular heartbeats, and numbness or tingling. Therefore, it is important for patients taking Aldactone to regularly monitor their potassium levels and report any symptoms to their healthcare provider.Rate this question:
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- 6.
K sparing diuretic has been prescribed to Lisa. She has been feeling week, tired, and has numbness. Lisa has been eating extra bananas to increase he K because she knows that K sparing diuretics shed K in urine. The nurse responds by saying:
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Lisa will need to go on a K supplement.
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Lisa has become hyperkalemic and needs reeducation on her medication.
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Lisa is only showing 3 of the 5 indicators for hyperkalemia, so she needs to continue her medication.
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Lisa needs to be put on a different hypertensive because she is complaining too much.
Correct Answer
A. Lisa has become hyperkalemic and needs reeducation on her medication.Explanation
The correct answer is "Lisa has become hyperkalemic and needs reeducation on her medication." This is because Lisa has been experiencing symptoms such as weakness, tiredness, and numbness, which are indicative of hyperkalemia (high levels of potassium in the blood). The nurse's response suggests that Lisa needs to be educated about her medication, as it is likely causing the increase in potassium levels.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Perry is going on lisinopril. When he asks how it works, the nurse would answer:
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It releases Ca and HCO3 while holding onto K.
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It blocks the angiotensin I from turning into angiotensin II, leaving the vessels dilated for better blood flow.
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It blocks the reabsorbtion of Na.
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Blocks stimulation of beta .
Correct Answer
A. It blocks the angiotensin I from turning into angiotensin II, leaving the vessels dilated for better blood flow.Explanation
Lisinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which means it blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, meaning it narrows the blood vessels and increases blood pressure. By blocking this conversion, lisinopril keeps the blood vessels dilated, allowing for better blood flow and reducing blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Cindy is taking a hypertensive. She has been complaining of feeling light headed and dizzy when she stands up. She has not been tasting food correctly and her UA came back with proteinuria. Further testing showed she has angioedema. What could be causing Cindy's problem?
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Lasix
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Aldactone
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Prinivil
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Lostran
Correct Answer
A. PrinivilExplanation
Cindy's symptoms of feeling light-headed and dizzy when she stands up, along with the presence of proteinuria and angioedema, suggest that she may be experiencing side effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors like Prinivil. ACE inhibitors are commonly used to treat hypertension, but they can cause side effects such as hypotension, taste disturbances, and angioedema. Therefore, Prinivil could be causing Cindy's problems.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Steven is taking a anti hypertensive. He takes ibuprofen for knee pain as well. Which ant hypertensive medication should Steven have further education on?
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Losartan
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Zestril
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Atenolol
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Norvasc
Correct Answer
A. ZestrilExplanation
Steven should have further education on Zestril. This is because ibuprofen can interact with Zestril and reduce its effectiveness in lowering blood pressure. It is important for Steven to be aware of this potential interaction and discuss it with his healthcare provider to ensure that his blood pressure is effectively managed.Rate this question:
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- 10.
This anti hypertensive medication inactivates bradykin.
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Lasix
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Aldactone
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Lisinopril
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Prazosin
Correct Answer
A. LisinoprilExplanation
Lisinopril is the correct answer because it is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which is commonly used as an anti-hypertensive medication. ACE inhibitors work by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. Additionally, ACE inhibitors also inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin, a peptide that causes vasodilation. By inhibiting the breakdown of bradykinin, lisinopril helps to increase its levels, leading to further vasodilation and ultimately lowering blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 11.
ARB's are a good alternative to ACE inhibitors but carries this extra caution:
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Decrease in K
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Increase bradykin
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Has the same side effects as ACE inhibitors
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Renal Failure
Correct Answer
A. Renal FailureExplanation
ARBs, or angiotensin receptor blockers, are a good alternative to ACE inhibitors in the treatment of certain conditions. However, it is important to exercise caution when using ARBs as they can potentially cause renal failure. This means that patients with impaired kidney function or those at risk of developing renal failure should be closely monitored when taking ARBs. It is crucial to weigh the benefits and risks of using ARBs in such patients and make informed decisions based on their individual circumstances.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Cozaar has been prescribed to Mary. When marry asks about complications from Cozaar, the nurse would respond:
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There are no common side effects.
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It is possible to have angioedema
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It is possible for renal failure.
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It's less likely to increase K
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All the above
Correct Answer
A. All the aboveExplanation
The nurse would respond with "all the above" because Cozaar can indeed have common side effects, such as angioedema and renal failure. Additionally, Cozaar is less likely to increase potassium levels. Therefore, all of the statements are true and apply to the potential complications of taking Cozaar.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Luke is an otherwise healthy man who is hypertensive. When the doctor suggests that Luke take Atenolol, he because concerned. The nurse listens to the concerns and finds Luke needs extra education on the medication when he states:
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It may cause impotence.
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I could have CHF.
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I hate headaches.
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I don't want dry mouth.
Correct Answer(s)
A. I hate headaches.
A. I don't want dry mouth.Explanation
Luke's statement of "I hate headaches" and "I don't want dry mouth" indicates that he is concerned about the potential side effects of Atenolol. This suggests that he may not be willing to take the medication if it causes these side effects. Therefore, the nurse needs to provide him with additional education and reassurance about the medication, addressing his concerns and explaining the likelihood and management of these side effects.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The nurse sees that their patient is on a beta blocker. What does the nurse do to show an understanding of beta blockers and assessment?
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Checks pupil dilation
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Checks apical pulse
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Check labs for K wasting
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Check for peripheral edema
Correct Answer
A. Checks apical pulseExplanation
To show an understanding of beta blockers and assessment, the nurse checks the patient's apical pulse. Beta blockers are medications that slow down the heart rate, and checking the apical pulse helps to monitor the effectiveness and safety of these medications. By assessing the patient's heart rate, the nurse can determine if the beta blocker is working as intended and if any adjustments to the dosage or treatment plan are necessary.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Nick unerstands his Atenolol and how it works when he states:
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It keeps norephinephrine from stimulating the muscle walls of the small arteries and veins.
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It blocks beta 1 and causes vasodilation and decreases HR.
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It helps maintain renal function.
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Increases excretion of H2O and Na.
Correct Answer
A. It blocks beta 1 and causes vasodilation and decreases HR.Explanation
The correct answer is that Atenolol blocks beta 1 receptors, which leads to vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) and a decrease in heart rate. This is how Atenolol works to lower blood pressure and treat conditions such as hypertension and angina. It does not directly affect renal function or increase the excretion of water and sodium.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Norvasc is a:
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Loop diuretic
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Beta Blocker
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ACE inhibitor
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Calcium Channel Blocker
Correct Answer
A. Calcium Channel BlockerExplanation
Norvasc is classified as a calcium channel blocker. Calcium channel blockers work by blocking the entry of calcium into the smooth muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels. This causes the blood vessels to relax and widen, which helps to lower blood pressure and improve blood flow. Norvasc is commonly prescribed to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and certain types of chest pain (angina). It is not a loop diuretic, beta blocker, or ACE inhibitor, which are different types of medications used to treat other conditions.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Peggy is switching from lisinopril to norvasc. She understands her new medication when she states:
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I may have headaches
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It causes vadodilation and decreases SVR and lowers B/P
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It may cause edema peripherally
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All the above
Correct Answer
A. All the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "all the above". Peggy understands her new medication because she mentions that she may have headaches (a common side effect of Norvasc), she mentions that it causes vasodilation and decreases systemic vascular resistance (SVR) which leads to lower blood pressure (B/P), and she also mentions that it may cause peripheral edema (another common side effect of Norvasc).Rate this question:
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- 18.
When taking Atenolol, the nurse knows to hold the medication if:
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HR
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Dry Coughing
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Pt becomes hypotensive
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If K levels increase
Correct Answer
A. HRExplanation
The nurse should hold the medication if the patient's heart rate (HR) is low or bradycardic. Atenolol is a beta-blocker medication that slows down the heart rate, so if the patient's HR is already low, giving the medication could further decrease the heart rate and potentially cause complications.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Prazosin carries which of the side effects?
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Dry mouth
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Increased K
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Orthostatic BP w/first dose
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Palpitations
Correct Answer(s)
A. Orthostatic BP w/first dose
A. PalpitationsExplanation
Prazosin is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and urinary symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate. One common side effect of prazosin is orthostatic hypotension, which is a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up. This can cause dizziness or lightheadedness. Another possible side effect is palpitations, which are irregular or rapid heartbeats. Dry mouth and increased potassium levels are not typically associated with prazosin use.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Alpha blockers work by keeping the hormone _________ from simulating the muscle walls of the small arteries/veins.
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Ephinephrine
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Angiotensin 1
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Norepinephrine
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PTH
Correct Answer
A. NorepinephrineExplanation
Alpha blockers work by keeping the hormone norepinephrine from simulating the muscle walls of the small arteries/veins.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Nicole has been taking a central alpha2-agonist. She was doing very well on it and has now ended up in the ED. She reports that she was doing so well that she stopped taking her medication because she felt fine and couldn't afford her medication since being laid off. What could be the reason for Nicole's reaction?
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Over abundance of K in her system
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Orthostatic BP problems
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Drug Induced lupus syndrome
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Withdrawl phenomenon
Correct Answer
A. Withdrawl phenomenonExplanation
Nicole's reaction of ending up in the ED after stopping her medication suggests that she may be experiencing withdrawal phenomenon. This occurs when a person abruptly stops taking a medication that they have been taking for a prolonged period. The central alpha2-agonist that Nicole was taking may have caused dependence, and stopping it suddenly can lead to withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can vary depending on the specific medication, but they can include rebound hypertension, anxiety, insomnia, and other physical and psychological symptoms. It is important for individuals to gradually taper off certain medications under medical supervision to avoid withdrawal phenomenon.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Carapres works by:
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Increasing parasympathetic response
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Keeps the hormone norepinephrine from stimulating the muscle walls of the small arteries/veins.
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Decreases sympathetic response
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Directly inhibits renin.
Correct Answer
A. Decreases sympathetic responseExplanation
Carapres works by decreasing sympathetic response. This means that it reduces the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the "fight or flight" response. By decreasing sympathetic response, Carapres helps to lower blood pressure and heart rate, as well as reducing anxiety and stress. This can be beneficial for individuals with hypertension or other conditions related to increased sympathetic activity.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Hydralazine works on hypertension by:
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Decreases sympathetic response
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Peripheral vasodilation
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Directly inhibits renin
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Blocks Ca from stimulating muscle walls
Correct Answer
A. Peripheral vasodilationExplanation
Hydralazine works on hypertension by causing peripheral vasodilation. This means that it relaxes and widens the blood vessels in the peripheral (outer) parts of the body, reducing resistance to blood flow and lowering blood pressure. By dilating the blood vessels, hydralazine allows for increased blood flow and decreases the workload on the heart, ultimately helping to reduce hypertension.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Direct vasodilators work by peripheral vasodilation. However, the nurse needs to educate their pt by including which of these side effects in their pt education?
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Increases HR
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Na retention
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Drug induced lupus syndrome
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All the above
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. All the aboveExplanation
Direct vasodilators work by causing peripheral vasodilation, which leads to relaxation and widening of the blood vessels. This can result in an increase in heart rate as the body tries to compensate for the decrease in blood pressure. Additionally, direct vasodilators can cause sodium retention, leading to fluid retention and potential edema. Drug-induced lupus syndrome is a rare side effect associated with certain medications, including some direct vasodilators. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to educate the patient about these potential side effects when administering direct vasodilators.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Of all the hypertensive medications on the market, which is the newest?
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Apresoline
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Clonidine
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Tekturna
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Praosin
Correct Answer
A. TekturnaExplanation
Tekturna is the newest hypertensive medication on the market. This can be inferred from the fact that the other three options, Apresoline, Clonidine, and Praosin, are not mentioned as being new. Therefore, Tekturna is the correct answer as it is implied to be the newest medication among the given options.Rate this question:
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