History Of Medicine- Final Exam
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Who is known as the world's first physician?
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Imhotep (Egyptian 2650 BC)
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Babylonians
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Hippocrates
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Romans
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About This Quiz
The 'History of Medicine- Final Exam' explores foundational figures and concepts in medical history. It assesses knowledge of early physicians, medical texts, and the evolution of diagnostic practices, emphasizing Hippocrates' contributions to observing patients and disease prevention through diet and exercise.
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- 2.
What kind of textbooks did the Egyptians Surgeons produce?
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Treat dislocations
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Fractured Bones
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External abscesses
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Tumors
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Wounds
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Clean Teeth
Correct Answer(s)
A. Treat dislocations
A. Fractured Bones
A. External abscesses
A. Tumors
A. WoundsExplanation
The correct answer is that the Egyptian surgeons produced textbooks to treat dislocations, fractured bones, external abscesses, tumors, and wounds. These textbooks would have contained information and instructions on various surgical techniques and treatments for these medical conditions. Additionally, the textbooks may have also included information on how to clean teeth, although this is not explicitly mentioned in the question.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What concepts did the Babylonians produce?
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Diagnosis
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Prognosis
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Physical Examinations
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Prescriptions
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Physicians & Nurses
Correct Answer(s)
A. Diagnosis
A. Prognosis
A. Physical Examinations
A. PrescriptionsExplanation
The Babylonians produced concepts such as diagnosis, prognosis, physical examinations, prescriptions, physicians, and nurses. These concepts were developed by the Babylonians to understand and treat medical conditions. Diagnosis refers to identifying a disease or condition based on symptoms and medical tests. Prognosis involves predicting the likely outcome of a disease or condition. Physical examinations involve assessing a patient's overall health and identifying any abnormalities. Prescriptions are written instructions for medication or treatment. Physicians and nurses are healthcare professionals who provide medical care and assistance to patients.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Who is considered to be the Father of Western Medicine?
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Imhotep
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Romans
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Hippocrates
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William Harvey
Correct Answer
A. HippocratesExplanation
Hippocrates is considered to be the Father of Western Medicine because he revolutionized the field of medicine in ancient Greece. He emphasized the importance of observing and documenting symptoms, and he believed that diseases had natural causes rather than being caused by supernatural forces. Hippocrates also developed the Hippocratic Oath, which set ethical standards for physicians. His contributions laid the foundation for modern medicine and his teachings and principles continue to influence medical practice today.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What did Hippocrates emphasize the importance of with the patient?
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Diet & Exercise
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Hippocratic Oath
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Sanitation
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Observing the Patient
Correct Answer
A. Observing the PatientExplanation
Hippocrates emphasized the importance of observing the patient. This means that he believed in closely observing the patient's symptoms, behaviors, and overall condition in order to make accurate diagnoses and provide appropriate treatments. By carefully observing the patient, Hippocrates believed that physicians could gather valuable information that would help them understand the underlying cause of the illness and determine the most effective course of action. This emphasis on observation was a fundamental principle in Hippocratic medicine and contributed to the development of modern medical practices.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Hippocrates taught the prevention of disease through a regimen of what?
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Observing the Patient
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Sanitation
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Diet & Exercise
Correct Answer
A. Diet & ExerciseExplanation
Hippocrates taught the prevention of disease through a regimen of diet and exercise. This means that he believed that by maintaining a healthy diet and engaging in regular physical activity, individuals could prevent the onset of diseases. This approach emphasizes the importance of a balanced and nutritious diet, as well as the benefits of staying physically active to maintain overall health and well-being. By focusing on these lifestyle factors, Hippocrates believed that individuals could reduce their risk of developing diseases and promote their overall health.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Hippocrates came up with the Hippocratic Oath, a high standard of ethical counduct
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Hippocrates, a Greek physician who lived in the 5th century BCE, is indeed credited with coming up with the Hippocratic Oath. This oath is a set of ethical guidelines that physicians still adhere to today. It emphasizes the importance of patient care, confidentiality, and professionalism. The oath has become a symbol of medical ethics and serves as a reminder to healthcare professionals of their responsibilities towards their patients. Therefore, the statement "Hippocrates came up with the Hippocratic Oath, a high standard of ethical conduct" is true.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What did the Romans recognize as important for good public health?
Correct Answer
SanitationExplanation
The Romans recognized sanitation as important for good public health. Sanitation practices such as clean water supply, waste disposal, and proper sewage systems were crucial in preventing the spread of diseases and maintaining a healthy living environment. The Romans understood that maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in public spaces and communities played a significant role in promoting the overall well-being and health of their population.Rate this question:
- 9.
What were the Romans able to construct throughout their empire?
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Aqueducts
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Baths
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Sewers
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Hospitals
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Restaurants
Correct Answer(s)
A. Aqueducts
A. Baths
A. Sewers
A. HospitalsExplanation
The Romans were able to construct various infrastructure throughout their empire, including aqueducts, baths, sewers, and hospitals. Aqueducts were used to transport water to cities and towns, ensuring a steady water supply for drinking, bathing, and other needs. Baths were important social and recreational spaces, providing a place for people to bathe, exercise, and socialize. Sewers were built to manage waste and maintain sanitation in urban areas. Hospitals were established to provide medical care for the sick and injured. These constructions demonstrate the Romans' advanced engineering and urban planning skills, as well as their focus on public health and well-being.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The Romans built their cities and forts AWAY from the swamps, where fresh, clean water was available
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The Romans built their cities and forts away from swamps because they wanted to have access to fresh and clean water. Swamps are usually stagnant and can contain dirty or contaminated water, which is not suitable for drinking or other daily needs. By locating their settlements away from swamps, the Romans ensured that they could have a reliable source of clean water for their population. This decision also helped them in maintaining better hygiene and avoiding diseases that could be transmitted through contaminated water.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What epidemic during the Dark Ages killed upwards of 100 mil people in Europe (30%-60% of pop)?
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Black Plague
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Black Death
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Middle Plague
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Middle Death
Correct Answer
A. Black DeathExplanation
The Black Death, also known as the Bubonic Plague, was an epidemic that occurred during the Dark Ages and resulted in the death of millions of people in Europe. It is estimated that the Black Death killed between 30% to 60% of the population, which amounts to upwards of 100 million individuals. This devastating disease was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which was primarily spread through fleas that infested rats. The Black Death had a profound impact on European society, leading to widespread panic, economic decline, and significant changes in social and cultural practices.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Who controlled medicine during the Dark Ages?
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Government
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Caesar
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Religion
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Obama
Correct Answer
A. ReligionExplanation
During the Dark Ages, religion controlled medicine. The Catholic Church had significant influence and power over all aspects of society, including healthcare. Monks and priests played a crucial role in providing medical care and preserving medical knowledge. The Church emphasized the importance of prayer, spiritual healing, and herbal remedies in treating illnesses. Medical practices were often based on religious beliefs and superstitions rather than scientific evidence. The Church controlled the education and training of physicians, leading to limited advancements in medical knowledge and techniques during this period.Rate this question:
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- 13.
During the DARK / MIDDLE AGES which term came into use?
Correct Answer
DoctorExplanation
During the Dark/Middle Ages, the term "Doctor" came into use. This term referred to individuals who had attained a high level of knowledge and expertise in their respective fields, such as medicine or theology. These individuals were recognized as authorities in their domains and were sought after for their advice and guidance. The term "Doctor" has since evolved to encompass various professions and is still widely used today to denote individuals who have achieved advanced degrees or specialized knowledge in a particular field.Rate this question:
- 14.
Who deomstrated the Function of the heart and Circulation of blood?
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Leeuwenhoek
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Withering
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Jarvis
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William Harvey
Correct Answer
A. William HarveyExplanation
William Harvey demonstrated the function of the heart and circulation of blood. He was a physician and anatomist who conducted extensive research on the circulatory system. Harvey's experiments and observations led him to propose the theory of blood circulation, which revolutionized our understanding of how the heart pumps blood throughout the body. His work laid the foundation for modern cardiology and physiology.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Who is considered to have laid the foundation of Modern Physiology?
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Leeuwenhoek
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Withering
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Jenner
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Harvey
Correct Answer
A. HarveyExplanation
Harvey is considered to have laid the foundation of Modern Physiology because he was the first to accurately describe the circulation of blood in the human body. His book "De Motu Cordis" published in 1628 revolutionized the understanding of how blood flows through the heart and the circulatory system. This groundbreaking work established the field of physiology and paved the way for further advancements in the study of the human body.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Who worked on improving the microscope and came up with a description of bacteria?
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Harvey
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Pasteur
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Withering
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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Correct Answer
A. Anton Van LeeuwenhoekExplanation
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek is the correct answer because he is known for his significant contributions to the field of microbiology. He improved the microscope and was the first to observe and describe bacteria, which he called "animalcules." His meticulous observations and detailed descriptions of various microorganisms laid the foundation for the study of microbiology and greatly advanced our understanding of the microscopic world.Rate this question:
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- 17.
When did surgery become and experimental science?
Correct Answer
18th CenturyExplanation
In the 18th century, surgery began to be considered an experimental science. During this time, advancements in medical knowledge and technology allowed surgeons to explore new techniques and procedures. Surgeons started to conduct experiments and observations to improve their understanding of the human body and develop more effective surgical methods. This marked a significant shift in the field of surgery, as it transitioned from a purely practical and hands-on approach to a more scientific and evidence-based discipline.Rate this question:
- 18.
What heart drug was introduced during the 18th century? (Fox Glove Plant)
Correct Answer
DigitalisExplanation
Digitalis is the correct answer to the question. Digitalis is a heart drug that was introduced during the 18th century and is derived from the Foxglove plant. It is commonly used to treat various heart conditions, including congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Digitalis works by strengthening the contractions of the heart and regulating its rhythm. It is still used today in certain cases where other heart medications are ineffective.Rate this question:
- 19.
Who discovered Digitalis could be used as a treatment for heart disease?
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Harvey
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Jarvis
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William Withering
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Florence Nightingale
Correct Answer
A. William WitheringExplanation
William Withering discovered that Digitalis could be used as a treatment for heart disease. Digitalis is a medication derived from the foxglove plant and it is known for its ability to strengthen the contractions of the heart. Withering conducted extensive research and clinical trials in the late 18th century, documenting the effectiveness of Digitalis in treating various heart conditions. His findings were published in his book "An Account of the Foxglove and Some of Its Medical Uses" in 1785, which established Digitalis as a significant treatment for heart disease.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Who introduced a vaccine to prevent smallpox? (1796)
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Koch
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Edward Jenner
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Nightingale
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Banting
Correct Answer
A. Edward JennerExplanation
Edward Jenner introduced a vaccine to prevent smallpox in 1796. He discovered that milkmaids who had contracted cowpox, a less severe disease, seemed to be immune to smallpox. Jenner hypothesized that cowpox could be used to protect against smallpox. He tested his theory by injecting a boy with cowpox and then exposing him to smallpox, and the boy did not develop the disease. This groundbreaking discovery laid the foundation for modern vaccination and the eradication of smallpox.Rate this question:
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- 21.
What field did the invention of the vaccine smallpox lead to?
Correct Answer
ImmunologyExplanation
The invention of the smallpox vaccine led to advancements in the field of immunology. Immunology is the study of the immune system and how it protects the body from diseases. The development of the smallpox vaccine, which introduced a weakened form of the virus into the body to stimulate an immune response, paved the way for further research and understanding of how vaccines work. This breakthrough in immunology not only led to the eradication of smallpox but also laid the foundation for the development of vaccines against other infectious diseases.Rate this question:
- 22.
Who proved that germs caused dieases?
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Koch
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Lois Pasteur
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Withering
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Jenner
Correct Answer
A. Lois PasteurExplanation
Louis Pasteur proved that germs caused diseases. He conducted various experiments and observations that led to the development of the germ theory of disease. Pasteur's experiments with fermentation and pasteurization demonstrated that microorganisms were responsible for the spoilage of food and beverages. He also developed vaccines for diseases such as rabies and anthrax, further supporting the idea that germs were the cause of infectious diseases. Pasteur's work revolutionized the field of microbiology and had a significant impact on medicine and public health.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What did Pasteur encourage doctors and their assistants to do?
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Sanitize hands
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Sanitize equipment
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NEVER wash their hands!
Correct Answer(s)
A. Sanitize hands
A. Sanitize equipmentExplanation
Pasteur encouraged doctors and their assistants to sanitize their hands and sanitize equipment. This practice helps to prevent the spread of germs and infections in medical settings. By regularly sanitizing their hands and equipment, doctors and their assistants can reduce the risk of transmitting harmful bacteria or viruses to patients, ensuring a safer and cleaner environment for medical procedures.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Who developed a vaccine for Rabies & Anthrax?
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Jenner
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Koch
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Lois Pasteur
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MacLeod
Correct Answer
A. Lois PasteurExplanation
Lois Pasteur developed a vaccine for Rabies and Anthrax.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Robert Koch is considered one of the founders of Bacteriology?
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Robert Koch is considered one of the founders of Bacteriology because of his significant contributions to the field. He developed techniques to isolate and identify bacteria, including the use of agar plates and staining methods. Koch also established the criteria known as Koch's postulates, which are used to determine whether a specific microorganism causes a particular disease. His work on tuberculosis and cholera further solidified his reputation as a pioneer in the study of bacteria. Thus, it is true that Robert Koch is considered one of the founders of Bacteriology.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Who discovered the bacterium causing Tuberculosis?
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Pasteur
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Robert Koch
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Jenner
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Withering
Correct Answer
A. Robert KochExplanation
Robert Koch is the correct answer because he is credited with discovering the bacterium causing Tuberculosis. Koch was a German physician and microbiologist who isolated and identified the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1882. His discovery revolutionized the understanding and treatment of Tuberculosis, a highly contagious and deadly disease. Koch's work laid the foundation for the development of diagnostic tests and effective treatments for Tuberculosis.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Who is known as developing the foundations of modern Nursing?
Correct Answer
Florence NightingaleExplanation
Florence Nightingale is known as the developer of the foundations of modern nursing. She was a British nurse who became famous for her work during the Crimean War. Nightingale implemented various reforms in healthcare, including improving sanitation and hygiene practices, which significantly reduced mortality rates. She also emphasized the importance of nursing education and training, leading to the establishment of the first nursing school. Nightingale's contributions revolutionized the nursing profession and laid the groundwork for modern nursing practices.Rate this question:
- 28.
What war di florence Nightingale care for the wounded?
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Civil War
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Cold War
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WW 2
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Crimean War (1853-1856)
Correct Answer
A. Crimean War (1853-1856)Explanation
During the Crimean War (1853-1856), Florence Nightingale cared for the wounded soldiers. She is widely known as the founder of modern nursing and made significant contributions to improving healthcare practices during the war. Nightingale and her team of nurses worked tirelessly to treat and care for the wounded soldiers, often in challenging and unsanitary conditions. Her efforts and dedication during the Crimean War played a crucial role in transforming nursing into a respected profession and revolutionizing healthcare practices.Rate this question:
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- 29.
What did Florence Nightingale concentrate her attention on?
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Improving hygiene
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Improving sanitary conditions
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Plastic surgery
Correct Answer(s)
A. Improving hygiene
A. Improving sanitary conditionsExplanation
Florence Nightingale concentrated her attention on improving hygiene and sanitary conditions. This suggests that she focused on promoting cleanliness and preventing the spread of diseases in healthcare settings. This aligns with Nightingale's pioneering work in nursing during the 19th century, where she emphasized the importance of sanitation and proper hygiene practices to improve patient outcomes. Plastic surgery, on the other hand, is not mentioned as an area of her concentration.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Who is known as the "Lady with the Lamp" ?
Correct Answer(s)
Florence NightingaleExplanation
Florence Nightingale is known as the "Lady with the Lamp." She earned this nickname during the Crimean War, where she worked tirelessly to care for wounded soldiers. Nightingale would make rounds at night with a lamp in hand, providing comfort and care, which led to her being affectionately called the "Lady with the Lamp." She is also considered the founder of modern nursing.Rate this question:
- 31.
Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the first X-Rays?
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Wilhelm Roentgen is indeed credited with the discovery of X-Rays. In 1895, while experimenting with cathode rays, he noticed that a fluorescent screen in his lab was glowing even when covered with black paper. He realized that a new type of ray was being emitted, which he called X-Rays. Roentgen's discovery revolutionized the field of medicine and led to the development of X-Ray imaging techniques that are still widely used today.Rate this question:
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- 32.
On what date did Wilhelm Roentgen discover X-Rays?
Correct Answer
November 8, 1895Explanation
Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-Rays on November 8, 1895.Rate this question:
- 33.
When was insulin developed?
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1921
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Banting & Best
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MacLeod & Collip
Correct Answer(s)
A. 1921
A. Banting & Best
A. MacLeod & CollipExplanation
Insulin was developed in 1921 by Banting & Best, along with the assistance of MacLeod & Collip. This breakthrough in medical science revolutionized the treatment of diabetes, as it provided a means to regulate blood sugar levels in patients. The collaboration between these individuals led to the successful isolation and purification of insulin, which paved the way for its use as a therapeutic agent.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Who received the Nobel Prize for the invention of Insulin?
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Banting & Best
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Banting & MacLeod
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Collip
Correct Answer
A. Banting & MacLeodExplanation
Banting and MacLeod received the Nobel Prize for the invention of Insulin. Their collaboration and research led to the discovery and development of insulin as a treatment for diabetes. Their work revolutionized the medical field and had a significant impact on the lives of millions of people worldwide.Rate this question:
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- 35.
In 1928, what did Alexander Flemming discover?
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Insulin
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Penicillin
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Digitalis
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Tuberculosis
Correct Answer
A. PenicillinExplanation
In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. Penicillin is an antibiotic drug that is used to treat various bacterial infections. Fleming accidentally discovered penicillin when he noticed that a mold called Penicillium notatum inhibited the growth of bacteria. This discovery revolutionized medicine by introducing the first effective antibiotic, which has since saved countless lives by fighting off bacterial infections.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Who discovered the "Secret Life" DNA? (1953)
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Francis Crick
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Alexander Fleming
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James Watson
Correct Answer(s)
A. Francis Crick
A. James WatsonExplanation
Francis Crick and James Watson are credited with discovering the "Secret of Life" DNA in 1953. They proposed the double helix structure of DNA, which revolutionized our understanding of genetics and laid the foundation for modern molecular biology. Alexander Fleming, on the other hand, is known for the discovery of penicillin, a groundbreaking antibiotic, but he was not involved in the discovery of DNA's structure.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Who took "Photo 51" the double helix structure of DNA?
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Crick
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Watson
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Rosalind Franklin (1952)
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Stalk
Correct Answer
A. Rosalind Franklin (1952)Explanation
Rosalind Franklin took "Photo 51", which is a famous X-ray diffraction image of DNA that played a crucial role in determining the double helix structure of DNA. This image provided crucial evidence for the structure and was used by James Watson and Francis Crick in their discovery of the DNA structure. Franklin's work was instrumental in the understanding of DNA, although her contributions were not fully recognized during her lifetime.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Where was the first successful kidney transplant take place at? (1953)
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Boston, MA
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NYC, NY
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Atlanta, Georgia
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Gainesville, Florida
Correct Answer
A. Boston, MAExplanation
The first successful kidney transplant took place in Boston, MA.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Who developed the first vaccine to control or prevent Polio? (1955)
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Franklin
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Fleming
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Dr. Jonas Stalk
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Withering
Correct Answer
A. Dr. Jonas StalkExplanation
Dr. Jonas Stalk developed the first vaccine to control or prevent Polio in 1955. His development of the vaccine was a significant breakthrough in medical science and played a crucial role in reducing the incidence of Polio worldwide. The vaccine, known as the Salk vaccine, was made from inactivated or killed Polio virus, which stimulated the body's immune response without causing the disease. Dr. Jonas Stalk's pioneering work revolutionized the field of vaccination and saved countless lives from the debilitating effects of Polio.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Dr. Christian Barnard performed the first Open Heart Transplant?
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Dr. Christian Barnard performed the first open heart transplant. This groundbreaking surgery took place on December 3, 1967, in Cape Town, South Africa. Barnard and his team successfully transplanted the heart of a young woman into a middle-aged man, marking a significant milestone in medical history. This achievement paved the way for further advancements in cardiac surgery and transplantation, saving countless lives worldwide.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Who implanted the first artificial heart?
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William DeVries (1982)
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Jarvik 7
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Barnard
Correct Answer(s)
A. William DeVries (1982)
A. Jarvik 7Explanation
William DeVries implanted the first artificial heart in 1982 using the Jarvik 7 device.Rate this question:
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- 42.
What was Wilhelm Roentgen experimenting with when he discovered X-rays?
Correct Answer(s)
Cathode rays with Crookes glass tubesExplanation
Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays while experimenting with cathode rays and Crookes glass tubes. Cathode rays are streams of electrons that are produced in a vacuum tube when a high voltage is applied across two electrodes. Crookes glass tubes are specially designed tubes that allow the passage of cathode rays. During his experiments, Roentgen noticed that a fluorescent screen in his lab started to glow even when it was not in direct contact with the cathode rays. This led him to the discovery of X-rays, which are a form of electromagnetic radiation.Rate this question:
- 43.
Barium-platino-cyanide, was what the screen was painted with that Roentgen used
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The given statement is true. Barium-platino-cyanide was indeed the substance that the screen was painted with, which was used by Roentgen in his experiments.Rate this question:
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- 44.
What happened to the screen that was painted with Barium-platino-cyanide when rays were shot through it?
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Fluoresced
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Emitted Light
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Burnt a hole
Correct Answer(s)
A. Fluoresced
A. Emitted LightExplanation
When rays are shot through a screen painted with Barium-platino-cyanide, the screen fluoresces and emits light. This means that the screen absorbs the energy from the rays and re-emits it in the form of visible light. The Barium-platino-cyanide compound has properties that allow it to absorb and re-emit light, causing it to fluoresce. Therefore, the correct answer is that the screen fluoresced and emitted light when rays were shot through it.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Was roentgen the first ever to observe the results of X-rays?
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Roentgen was not the first ever to observe the results of X-rays. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen is credited with the discovery of X-rays in 1895, but he was not the first to observe their effects. Several scientists, including Nikola Tesla and Philipp Lenard, had observed similar phenomena prior to Roentgen's discovery. However, Roentgen's systematic study and documentation of X-rays led to their widespread recognition and understanding, earning him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Was Roentgen the first to ever know what he discovered during x-rays?
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Roentgen was indeed the first to discover x-rays. In 1895, while experimenting with cathode rays, he noticed a fluorescent screen in his lab started to glow even though it was not directly exposed to the rays. He then realized that a new type of ray was being emitted from the cathode tube, which he called x-rays. This groundbreaking discovery earned Roentgen the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901 and laid the foundation for the field of radiology. Therefore, the statement "True" is correct.Rate this question:
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- 47.
When was Roentgen's report "On a New Kind of Rays" submitted?
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November 8, 1895
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December 25, 1895
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December 28,1895
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January 1, 1901
Correct Answer
A. December 28,1895Explanation
Roentgen's report "On a New Kind of Rays" was submitted on December 28, 1895.Rate this question:
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- 48.
What field adopted the use of x-rays?
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Medical
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Military
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Science
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Entertainment
Correct Answer
A. EntertainmentExplanation
The field that adopted the use of x-rays is not entertainment, but rather medical. X-rays are commonly used in medical imaging to diagnose and treat various conditions by producing images of the inside of the body. They are not primarily used in the military, science, or entertainment industries for similar purposes.Rate this question:
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- 49.
When did Roentgen receive his Nobel Prize? (First in Physics)
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1895
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1901
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1899
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1896
Correct Answer
A. 1901Explanation
Roentgen received his Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.Rate this question:
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