Pathophysiology Unit 8 Knowledge Check

Explanation
The liver is not part of the immune system. While it plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, such as detoxification and metabolism, it is not directly involved in the immune response. The spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, on the other hand, are all key components of the immune system. The spleen filters the blood and helps remove old or damaged red blood cells, while the thymus produces and matures T cells, a type of white blood cell important for immune defense. Lymph nodes are small structures that filter lymph fluid and contain immune cells that help fight off infections.

Explanation
Lupus is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect multiple organs and tissues in the body, including the skin, joints, heart, lungs, kidneys, and brain. It is an autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, leading to inflammation and damage. Symptoms can vary widely and may include fatigue, joint pain, skin rashes, fever, and organ dysfunction. Treatment typically involves managing symptoms and preventing flare-ups through medication, lifestyle changes, and regular medical monitoring.

Explanation
Rheumatoid arthritis is an immune system disorder that primarily affects the joints. It is more common in women than men and typically occurs between the ages of 30 and 60. This condition causes inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling. Unlike diabetes mellitus and leukemia, which are unrelated to joint health, rheumatoid arthritis specifically targets the joints, making it the correct answer in this context.

Explanation
Leukemia is the correct answer because it is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. The symptoms mentioned, such as fatigue, weight loss, fever, and susceptibility to bruising and infections, are commonly associated with leukemia. This disorder is characterized by the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells, which can lead to a weakened immune system and an increased risk of infections and bleeding.

Explanation
Mast cells are involved in allergic reactions. When an allergen enters the body, mast cells release histamine and other chemicals, triggering an immune response. This response leads to symptoms such as itching, swelling, and inflammation. Mast cells are found in connective tissues, especially in areas prone to allergens, such as the skin, respiratory tract, and digestive system. They play a crucial role in the body's defense against parasites and are also involved in wound healing and tissue repair.