Pathophysiology Unit 12 Knowledge Check

Explanation
Rickets is a disorder in which bones do not properly harden. It is characterized by a deficiency in vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate, which are essential for bone development and mineralization. This results in weak, soft, and brittle bones, leading to deformities and growth abnormalities. Arthritis is inflammation of the joints, osteoporosis is a condition of low bone density and increased risk of fractures, and muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder causing progressive muscle weakness and degeneration.

Explanation
Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by repetitive strain injuries. This condition occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm to the hand, becomes compressed or squeezed at the wrist. Repetitive activities such as typing, using a computer mouse, or performing repetitive motions with the hands and wrists can lead to inflammation and swelling in the carpal tunnel, resulting in the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Explanation
Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disorder that affects the muscles responsible for breathing. The condition causes weakness and fatigue in these muscles, making it difficult to control breathing properly. This can lead to respiratory failure, which is the greatest danger associated with myasthenia gravis. Rheumatoid arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and tuberculosis do not directly impact the breathing muscles, making them less likely to pose the same level of danger.

Explanation
Arthritis is a chronic condition that causes inflammation and stiffness in the joints. While there are various treatments available to manage the symptoms and slow down the progression of arthritis, there is currently no known cure that can reverse the condition entirely. Therefore, the statement that arthritis cannot be reversed, only treated for its symptoms, is true.

Explanation
Osteoarthritis is the correct answer because it is a degenerative joint disease that affects both men and women equally. It is characterized by the breakdown of cartilage in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Unlike rheumatoid arthritis, which is an autoimmune disease that predominantly affects women, osteoarthritis does not show any gender bias in its prevalence. Similarly, Paget's disease primarily affects older individuals, while carpal tunnel syndrome is more common in women. Therefore, osteoarthritis is the only disorder in the given options that affects both men and women equally.