Pathophysiology Unit 13 Knowledge Check

Explanation
Gigantism is a condition that occurs when growth hormone (GH) is produced in excess during childhood. This excess production of GH causes excessive growth and height in affected individuals. It typically occurs before the closure of the growth plates, leading to abnormally tall stature. Acromegaly, on the other hand, is a similar condition but occurs when GH is produced in excess during adulthood, leading to enlargement of the bones and tissues. Hypothyroidism and hyperparathyroidism are unrelated conditions that do not involve excessive GH production.

Explanation
The thyroid gland is primarily involved with regulating metabolism. Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that occur within the body to convert food into energy. The thyroid gland produces hormones that control the rate at which these processes occur, influencing how quickly or slowly the body uses energy. Therefore, the correct answer is metabolism.

Explanation
Graves' disease is an autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, leading to overproduction of thyroid hormones. This causes symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and bulging eyes. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Explanation
Thyroxine is not produced by the adrenal gland. It is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens are all hormones produced by the adrenal gland.

Explanation
Diabetes mellitus is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. It is commonly associated with symptoms such as excessive thirst, excessive urination, and extreme hunger. However, low blood pressure is not typically a symptom of diabetes mellitus. In fact, high blood pressure is more commonly associated with this condition. Therefore, the correct answer is low blood pressure.