Pathophysiology Unit 7 Knowledge Check

Explanation
The respiratory system is responsible for various functions, such as warming and moistening incoming air, as well as inhaling oxygen. However, exhaling carbon monoxide is not a function of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is responsible for exhaling carbon dioxide, not carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas that is produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances and is typically expelled from the body through other means, such as excretion.

Explanation
Sinusitis is the correct answer because it refers to the inflammation of the mucus membrane linings of the sinus cavities. This inflammation can cause symptoms such as pressure, pain, and headaches. The other options, common cold, flu, and emphysema, do not specifically refer to inflammation of the sinus cavities.

Explanation
Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or shallow breaths during sleep. These pauses can last for a few seconds to minutes and can occur multiple times throughout the night. The most noticeable symptom of sleep apnea is loud, heavy snoring. This occurs due to the partial obstruction of the airway, causing the air to vibrate against the relaxed tissues in the throat, resulting in the characteristic snoring sound. Therefore, loud, heavy snoring is a key indicator of sleep apnea.

Explanation
Asthma is characterized by hypersensitivity to various allergens like dust, mold, pollen, animal dander, and some foods. This condition causes the airways in the lungs to become inflamed and narrow, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. Allergens can trigger an asthma attack, causing further narrowing of the airways and making it difficult to breathe. Therefore, asthma is the correct answer as it best fits the description of a condition characterized by hypersensitivity to allergens.

Explanation
Consumption is another name for tuberculosis. This term was commonly used in the past to describe the disease. It originated from the belief that tuberculosis consumed or wasted away the body of the infected individual. While the term is not widely used today, it is still recognized as an alternative name for tuberculosis.