Medical Laboratory Technician Position

Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, have a lifespan of approximately 120 days in the circulation of the body. These cells are responsible for carrying oxygen to various tissues and organs. Over time, they become worn out and are removed from circulation by the spleen and liver. The lifespan of red blood cells can vary slightly from person to person, but on average, it is around 120 days.

Malaria is transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Male mosquitoes do not transmit the infection as they do not feed on blood. House flies and body contact are not involved in the transmission of malaria.

Fluoride oxalate is the best anticoagulant to use for a fasting blood sugar test because it inhibits the enzymes that break down glucose in the blood, preventing any changes in the blood sugar levels during the storage and transportation of the sample. This ensures that the blood sugar levels accurately reflect the fasting state of the patient. EDTA, acid citrate dextrose, and citrate phosphate dextrose are not suitable for this test as they do not have the same inhibitory effect on glucose enzymes.

Rh -ve means that the individual does not have the D antigen. The Rh factor is a protein found on the surface of red blood cells. If an individual has the D antigen, they are Rh positive. If they do not have the D antigen, they are Rh negative. Therefore, the correct answer is B. D antigen.

The presence of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in urine confirms a positive pregnancy. HCG is a hormone that is produced by the placenta during pregnancy, and its presence in urine is a reliable indicator of pregnancy. Therefore, the statement is true.

Autoclaving is the best method for sterilizing nutrient media because it involves subjecting the media to high temperature and pressure, effectively killing all microorganisms present. This method ensures complete sterilization and is commonly used in laboratories and healthcare settings to sterilize equipment and media. Hot air oven, boiling, and hot air sterilization may not achieve the same level of sterilization as autoclaving, making them less effective options for sterilizing nutrient media.

A blood donor should be tested for transfusion transmissible infections to ensure the safety of the blood supply. HIV, Hepatitis B&C, and Syphilis are all infections that can be transmitted through blood transfusions. However, Typhoid is not a transfusion transmissible infection. Typhoid is a bacterial infection that is typically transmitted through contaminated food or water, not through blood. Therefore, testing for Typhoid is not necessary in the context of blood donation.

Blood is the correct answer because microfilariae, which are the larval stage of certain parasitic worms, can be found in the bloodstream of infected individuals. By examining a blood sample under a microscope, microfilariae can be identified and their presence can help diagnose the infection. Tissue, fluid, and urine samples are not typically used for microfilaria identification as the parasites are not commonly found in these samples.

Fluoride Oxalate is used as an anticoagulant for blood glucose testing. It prevents the blood from clotting by inhibiting the activity of certain enzymes that are involved in the clotting process. This allows for accurate measurement of glucose levels in the blood. EDTA, Heparin, and Sodium oxalate are also commonly used as anticoagulants, but they are not specifically used for blood glucose testing.

The result is not valid because the ESR test requires the blood sample to be left undisturbed for at least an hour in order to get accurate results. In this case, the result was read after only 1 hour and 22 minutes, which is not enough time for the test to be considered valid.

The Ebola virus disease can be transmitted through all of the mentioned sources, including urine, blood, and sweat. These bodily fluids can contain the virus and can lead to transmission if they come into contact with broken skin, mucous membranes, or are ingested. It is important to take precautions and practice proper hygiene to prevent the spread of the disease.

The acceptance criteria for a blood sample submitted to a diagnostic laboratory for a full blood count investigation include a well-completed laboratory request form, a fully labeled blood specimen, and the use of proper collection tubes. However, a clotted blood sample is not an acceptable criterion as it can affect the accuracy of the results. Clotting can alter the composition of the blood and interfere with the analysis, making it unsuitable for a full blood count investigation.

Schistosoma haematobium is a parasitic worm that causes a disease called schistosomiasis. This worm primarily infects the urinary system, particularly the bladder and urinary tract. The presence of the worm and its eggs in the urinary system can lead to symptoms such as blood in the urine, also known as hematuria. Therefore, Schistosoma haematobium is the most likely cause of blood in urine among the given options.

The correct answer is C. Mouth pipetting in emergency situations. Universal precautions are a set of guidelines followed in healthcare settings to prevent the transmission of infections. These precautions include considering all specimens as highly infectious, not eating in the laboratory, and wearing gloves. However, mouth pipetting is not recommended as it poses a high risk of exposure to infectious materials.

Glucose value decreases with time because the cells in the plasma or serum continue to metabolize glucose even after the blood sample is taken. This metabolic activity leads to a decrease in the concentration of glucose in the sample over time. Therefore, it is important to separate plasma or serum from the blood as soon as possible to obtain an accurate measurement of glucose levels.

The correct answer is D. Personal Protective Equipment. This term is used to refer to all the items listed in the question (hand gloves, eye goggles, hand sanitizers, laboratory coat, face mask) that are used to protect individuals from potential hazards or risks in their environment. Personal Protective Equipment is essential in various industries and settings to ensure the safety and well-being of individuals.

All of the above options can be used to diagnose malaria in the laboratory. A thin film involves spreading a small amount of blood on a slide and staining it to examine under a microscope. A thick film is similar but involves a larger amount of blood, allowing for better detection of parasites. Rapid diagnostic tests use a small amount of blood to detect specific antigens or antibodies associated with malaria. Therefore, all three methods can be used to diagnose malaria in the laboratory.

It is not safe to recap the needle used to take a blood sample from a patient and transport it to the laboratory. Recapping the needle can increase the risk of accidental needlestick injuries, which can transmit infections. It is recommended to dispose of the needle in a sharps container immediately after use to ensure the safety of healthcare workers and prevent the spread of infections.

Lugol's iodine serves as a mordant in the gram's staining technique. A mordant is a substance that helps to fix or intensify the color of a stain. In gram staining, the mordant helps to bind the crystal violet stain to the bacterial cell wall, allowing for better visualization and differentiation of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The mosquito injects sporozoites, which are the infective form of the Plasmodium parasite, into the bloodstream of the human. These sporozoites then travel to the liver, where they multiply and develop into merozoites. Merozoites are responsible for infecting and destroying red blood cells, causing the symptoms of malaria. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Sporozoite.

Methylene blue is a substitute for crystal violet in the gram-positive staining procedure. Gram staining is a technique used to differentiate bacteria into two groups: gram-positive and gram-negative. Crystal violet is used as the primary stain in this procedure to stain the bacteria, but if it is not available, methylene blue can be used as an alternative. Methylene blue is a basic dye that can also stain bacteria, allowing for the differentiation of gram-positive bacteria based on their ability to retain the stain.

A small clot removed from a blood sample can potentially alter the results of the PCV (Packed Cell Volume) test. The presence of a clot may lead to inaccurate measurements of the volume of red blood cells in the sample, which can affect the overall PCV result. Therefore, the PCV test is considered invalid if a small clot is removed from the blood sample.

The pattern in the given sequence is that each number is obtained by adding the next prime number to the previous number. Starting with 2, we add 3 to get 5, then add 5 to get 10, then add 7 to get 17, and so on. Therefore, the next prime number is 7 and adding it to 23 gives us 30. Hence, the next number in the sequence is 30.

The statement is incorrect because all body fluids have the potential to be hazardous, as they can contain pathogens or infectious agents. This includes fluids such as blood, urine, saliva, and semen. It is important to handle all body fluids with caution and follow appropriate safety protocols to prevent the spread of infections.

To prepare a 10% bleach solution, 1 part of pure raw bleach is mixed with 9 parts of distilled water. This means that for every 1 unit of bleach, 9 units of water are added. This ratio of bleach to water creates a solution with a concentration of 10%.

GLP stands for Good Laboratory Practice. This acronym is used to refer to a set of principles and guidelines that ensure the quality and integrity of laboratory studies. These guidelines cover various aspects of laboratory operations, including the design and conduct of experiments, data management, equipment calibration, and the training and qualifications of personnel. Adhering to GLP helps to ensure that the results of laboratory studies are reliable and can be trusted by regulatory authorities and other stakeholders.

Before performing blood glucose estimation, it is necessary to fast for a certain period of time. Drinking water in the morning, not fasting in children under the age of 5 years, and cigarette smoking can all affect the accuracy of the test results. Therefore, none of the options provided are appropriate before performing blood glucose estimation.

A batton is a strip of wood that is commonly used in construction or carpentry. It is usually long and narrow, and it is often used to provide support or reinforcement to structures. Battons are commonly used in roofing, siding, or flooring installations to provide stability and strength. They can also be used as a decorative element in furniture or other woodworking projects.

The correct answer is b) stiff. Tense refers to a state of being rigid or not relaxed. It is often used to describe muscles or body parts that are tight or strained.

The VDRL test is a type of serological test used to detect the presence of antibodies in the blood that are associated with syphilis. In this test, a small amount of the patient's blood is mixed with an antigen and then placed on a glass slide. The slide is then observed under a microscope for the presence of clumping, which indicates a positive result. This method of testing on a slide is known as a slide test. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Slide test.

The correct answer is "a. enlighten." To educate means to enlighten or provide knowledge and information to someone, typically in a formal or structured manner. It involves teaching and guiding individuals to acquire new skills, expand their understanding, and develop intellectually.

Given that 3x - 2 = 7, we can solve for x by adding 2 to both sides of the equation. This gives us 3x = 9. To find 4x, we multiply both sides of the equation by 4. This gives us 4x = 36/4 = 9. Therefore, the correct answer is (d) 12.

Accole form is a term used in peripheral blood film examination to describe the appearance of infected red blood cells in patients with malaria. It refers to the characteristic arrangement of infected red blood cells in clusters or rosettes. This arrangement is most commonly associated with P. falciparum, which is the most severe and life-threatening form of malaria. The other three options, P. malariae, P. vivax, and P. ovale, may also cause malaria, but they do not typically exhibit the accole form on blood film examination.

The Guinea Worm Eradication Foundation was not established by Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, or Chief Earnest Shonekan. The correct answer is General Yakubu Gowan.

The correct answer is B. Minimum of 10 hours. This is because fasting blood sugar tests measure the amount of glucose in the blood after a period of fasting. Fasting for a minimum of 10 hours ensures that the body has had enough time to metabolize any food or drink consumed, allowing for an accurate measurement of blood sugar levels. A shorter fasting period may result in higher blood sugar levels due to recent food intake.

Ascaris is a nematode parasite that infects humans and animals. It is transmitted by ingestion of the eggs, making statement A true. Ascaris is an obligate parasite, meaning it cannot complete its life cycle without a host, making statement B true. Statement C is also true as Ascaris is a type of nematode worm. However, statement D is false as cats and dogs are not intermediate hosts for Ascaris. Intermediate hosts are organisms that harbor the parasite during one or more stages of its life cycle but are not the final host.

Sand can be sterilized using an oven because it is an inorganic material that can withstand high temperatures without being damaged. Sterilization is the process of eliminating all microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, from a material or surface. By subjecting sand to high temperatures in an oven, any microorganisms present can be effectively killed, making the sand sterile. This is commonly done in laboratories and industrial settings to ensure that the sand is free from any potential contaminants before it is used in various applications.

The word "dilate" means to expand or enlarge. Therefore, the opposite of "dilate" would be to shrink or reduce in size.

The correct answer is D. Heparin for PCV. Heparin is not used for the measurement of packed cell volume (PCV). PCV is typically measured using anticoagulants like EDTA or sodium citrate. Heparin is commonly used as an anticoagulant for other laboratory tests, but not for PCV.

The given equation qx - py = 26 can be rewritten as 3(qx - py) = 3(26), which simplifies to 3qx - 3py = 78. Therefore, the answer is (c) 78.

Plasmodium falciparum is the correct answer because it is the most prevalent and deadliest species of malaria parasite found in West Africa. It is responsible for the majority of malaria cases and deaths in the region. Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium ovale are also malaria parasites, but they are less common in West Africa compared to Plasmodium falciparum.

The opposite of sedentary is migratory. Sedentary refers to a lifestyle or behavior characterized by little physical activity or movement, while migratory refers to the act of moving or traveling from one place to another. Therefore, migratory is the opposite of sedentary as it implies constant movement and activity.

The correct answer is D. microscopy, culture, Gram's stain. This is because microscopy allows for the direct visualization of microorganisms, culture involves growing the microorganisms in a lab setting to identify and study them, and Gram's stain is a technique used to differentiate bacteria based on their cell wall composition. Together, these methods are commonly used in the detection and identification of STDs.

The relationship between FUNNY and CLOWN is that a clown is often associated with being funny. Similarly, the relationship between Flamboyant and show off is that someone who is flamboyant often shows off or seeks attention.

The correct answer is b) Hierarchical ... deterred. The sentence suggests that the social structure of India was rigidly organized in a hierarchical manner, with rich whites at the top. The use of the word "hidebound" implies a strong adherence to this structure, which deterred individuals of "coloured" backgrounds from moving freely within the system. This explanation fits well with the given answer.

In the brief but blood melee following the war, some of the Emir's most prominent vassals lost their lives and the prince was wounded.

The first one-fifth kilometer costs ₦100, and each following one-fifth kilometer costs ₦20. Since the trip is 2.5 kilometers long, there are 2.5 - 0.2 = 2.3 kilometers left after the first one-fifth kilometer. Therefore, the cost for the remaining distance is 2.3 * ₦20 = ₦46. Adding this to the initial cost of ₦100 gives a total fare of ₦100 + ₦46 = ₦146. However, since the fare is charged in multiples of one-fifth kilometer, the fare is rounded up to the nearest one-fifth kilometer, which is ₦320.

If the book is on sale for ₦48, which is a 20% discount off the list price, we can calculate the original list price by dividing ₦48 by 0.8 (100% - 20% = 80%). This gives us a list price of ₦60.

To find out how much we would pay with a 30% discount off the list price, we can calculate the discount amount by multiplying ₦60 by 0.3 (30%). This gives us a discount of ₦18.

Subtracting the discount amount from the list price, we get ₦60 - ₦18 = ₦42. Therefore, the correct answer is (c) ₦42.

The correct answer is B because in the pre- and post-analytical processes of cleaning the workbench in the laboratory, it is important to use a disinfectant that is prepared recently and has not expired. Using a disinfectant that was prepared three days ago may still be effective in killing bacteria and viruses on the workbench surface. However, using a disinfectant that was prepared days ago or using a disinfectant that is prepared daily with a higher concentration (15%) may not be as effective or may be too strong for regular cleaning purposes.

Sterilization of media is a crucial step in the medical microbiology laboratory to ensure that the media is free from any living microorganisms. Autoclaving is a commonly used method for sterilization, but it is not suitable for all types of media. Some media, such as selective and differential media like Salmonella-Shigella Agar (SSA), contain heat-sensitive components that can be damaged by autoclaving. Therefore, SSA and similar media are typically sterilized by filtration rather than autoclaving.