Quiz No. 1 Introduction To Economic Evaluations I

2.

When conducting an economic evaluation (EE) of a new health technology, what costs should be taken into account?

Costs related to use of the technology (staff, supplies, etc.)
Costs associated with adverse effects or complications that may arise due to application of the technology
Cost savings as a result of the application of a new technology
All of the above

Correct Answer

A. All of the above

Explanation

In conducting an economic evaluation of a new health technology, it is important to consider all costs associated with the technology. This includes costs related to the use of the technology such as staff and supplies, as well as costs associated with any adverse effects or complications that may arise from its application. Additionally, cost savings that may result from the use of the new technology should also be taken into account. Therefore, all of the options provided should be considered when conducting an economic evaluation of a new health technology.

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3.

What are the main vehicles of economic evaluations?

EE based on national statistics
EE based on individual patients (for example, in a clinical trial)
EE based on consultations with experts
EE based on models
Answers b and d

Correct Answer

A. Answers b and d

Explanation

The main vehicles of economic evaluations are based on individual patients (for example, in a clinical trial) and based on models. These two approaches allow for a detailed analysis of the cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions. By studying individual patients, researchers can gather real-world data on the costs and outcomes associated with a particular treatment. On the other hand, models provide a way to simulate and predict the long-term economic impact of different interventions. By combining these two approaches, economic evaluations can provide valuable insights into the value and efficiency of healthcare interventions.

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1

4.

What is the main objective of a HTA document?

To conduct an exhaustive review of scientific literature on the subject.
To provide decision-makers with evidence-based information in order to guide decision-making.
To help train those responsible for using that technology.
To warn about the potential risks of using a technology.
To provide in-depth knowledge of the operational characteristics of a specific technology.

Correct Answer

A. To provide decision-makers with evidence-based information in order to guide decision-making.

Explanation

The main objective of a HTA document is to provide decision-makers with evidence-based information in order to guide decision-making. This means that the document aims to present a comprehensive and objective evaluation of a technology or intervention, based on scientific literature and evidence. The purpose is to provide decision-makers with the necessary information to make informed choices and decisions regarding the use of the technology in question.

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5.

A health technology assessment can examine the consequences of applying a health technology with regard to: Please select from the following:

Its social impact
Its economic impact
Its effectiveness
Its safety
All of the above

Correct Answer

A. All of the above

Explanation

A health technology assessment is a comprehensive evaluation that considers various aspects of a health technology. This includes examining its social impact, economic impact, effectiveness, and safety. By considering all of these factors, decision-makers can make informed choices about the adoption and implementation of a health technology.

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6.

What is the natural unit of benefits in a cost-effectiveness analysis?

Life years gained
Cases averted
Diagnoses made
All of the above

Correct Answer

A. All of the above

Explanation

The natural unit of benefits in a cost-effectiveness analysis can be measured in terms of life years gained, cases averted, or diagnoses made. This means that all three options are valid and can be used as the unit of measurement for the benefits in a cost-effectiveness analysis.

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7.

Opportunity cost refers to…

Benefits lost because now it is too late to implement the intervention
Money lost due to a delay in decision-making
Advertising costs
The cost of ensuring adequate conditions for implementing a given intervention
Benefits “lost” due to not being able to use the resources on another intervention

Correct Answer

A. Benefits “lost” due to not being able to use the resources on another intervention

Explanation

Opportunity cost refers to the benefits that are lost when resources are used for a particular intervention, instead of being used for an alternative intervention. It represents the value of the next best alternative that is forgone. In this case, the correct answer states that opportunity cost is the benefits "lost" because the resources cannot be used for another intervention. This means that by choosing one intervention, the benefits that could have been obtained from another intervention are sacrificed.

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8.

Full economic evaluations (EE) are those that…

Takes costs related to the use of a health technology into account
Compares two or more alternatives in terms of costs and benefits
Analyzes both the costs and benefits of a health technology
Produces a valid result for decision making

Correct Answer

A. Analyzes both the costs and benefits of a health technology

Explanation

Full economic evaluations analyze both the costs and benefits of a health technology. This means that they consider the financial implications of using the technology, as well as the potential positive outcomes or benefits it may provide. By examining both costs and benefits, these evaluations provide a comprehensive understanding of the economic impact of the health technology. This information is essential for decision-making, as it allows policymakers and healthcare providers to assess the value and effectiveness of the technology and make informed choices about its implementation.

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9.

The majority of the health technologies and interventions used today are backed by sound evidence on their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.

True
False

Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

The statement suggests that the majority of health technologies and interventions used today are supported by evidence of their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. However, this statement is false. While many health technologies and interventions are supported by evidence, it is not accurate to say that the majority are. There are still many interventions and technologies that lack sufficient evidence or have conflicting evidence regarding their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, the statement is false.

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10.

What is the main objective of incorporating fourth-hurdle systems in the healthcare field?

To make better use of existing healthcare resources
To limit the number of technologies to be incorporated in the system
To ensure that technologies considered by the healthcare system are of good quality
To attempt to incorporate technologies with proven effectiveness

Correct Answer

A. To make better use of existing healthcare resources

Explanation

The main objective of incorporating fourth-hurdle systems in the healthcare field is to make better use of existing healthcare resources. This means that by implementing these systems, the healthcare industry aims to optimize the utilization of its resources such as staff, equipment, and facilities. This can lead to improved efficiency, reduced costs, and better patient outcomes. By maximizing the use of available resources, healthcare organizations can provide high-quality care to a larger number of patients and ensure that their needs are met effectively.

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Quiz No. 1 Introduction To Economic Evaluations I

A health technology is:

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When conducting an economic evaluation (EE) of a new health technology, what costs should be taken into account?

What are the main vehicles of economic evaluations?

What is the main objective of a HTA document?

A health technology assessment can examine the consequences of applying a health technology with regard to: Please select from the following:

What is the natural unit of benefits in a cost-effectiveness analysis?

Opportunity cost refers to…

Full economic evaluations (EE) are those that…

The majority of the health technologies and interventions used today are backed by sound evidence on their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.

What is the main objective of incorporating fourth-hurdle systems in the healthcare field?