Anesthetics Quizzes Online & Trivia

The answer to this is B. Bupivacaine is known to be a type of prescription medication. This is known to cause the numbing of a certain area so that the body will not send pain pulses to the brain. Anesthesia is normally used when people have to undergo surgery or if a certain area needs to be numbed for a certain treatment. In order to apply this, this can be injected into the affected area. For example, the left arm needs to be numbed from pain, the medication will be injected there. At times, this can also be injected into the epidural space of the spinal canal.

This particular patient would most likely experience drowsiness. The drug is used as a local paresthetic, inducing a numbness in one specific area. It can be given via an IV, or applied directly to the area that is to be numbed. When lidocaine is used in an IV form, it typically starts working within four or five minutes of the injection. It starts working almost immediately when it is directly applied to the skin. Either way, the effects last between three and four hours.This makes it the perfect strength for quick outpatient surgeries. Other side effects of this medication can include muscle aches, twitches, and vomiting. Caution is to be used when administering this drug to someone with a liver problem.

Drowsiness

Refractory period of the nerve

The more negative the membrane potential, the lower the affinity for local anesthetics

They have a low extracelluar pH, which hinders drug diffusion into the cell

To increase the duration of anesthetic effect To decrease the risk of systemic overdose toxicity of the drug

Reduced level of VEGF

Reduced level of VEGF

Drug d-learning objective: explain the meaning of the minimum alveolar concentration (mac) of inhalational anesthetics answer: d during general anesthesia the partial pressure of an anesthetic in the brain equal that in the lung when equilibrium is reached. therefore the measurement of the steady state alveolar concentration of different anesthetic provides a measure of their relative potencies. the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (mac) is defined as the concentration of the anesthetic that results in the immobility of 50% of patients when exposed to a noxious stimulus. thus mac represent the ed50 on a conventional quantal dose-response curve, and is therefore a measure of the potency of the inhaled anesthetic. the lower the mac, the higher the potency. a, b, c, e) (see explanation above)

It has a low blood/gas partition coefficient-learning objective: describe the relationship between blood/gas partition coefficient and speed of induction and recovery from general anesthesia. answer: d sevoflurane has a blood/gas partition coefficient of 0.69. since the speed of induction and recovery of anesthesia is inversely proportional to the blood/gas partition coefficient, sevoflurane causes a rapid anesthetic induction and recovery. a) redistribution can be a factor that speed up the recovery from anesthesia but sevoflurane has low lipid solubility and therefore redistribution into lipid tissue is minimal. b) metabolism of sevoflurane is very low (about 3%). c) the mac of an inhalational anesthetic is a measure of the potency of the drug i.e. it is a pharmacodynamic variable. the speed of induction is dependent upon pharmacokinetic variables. e) inhalational anesthetics distribute uniformly into the brain. they are not concentrated in a specific region of the brain.

To maintain unconsciousness and muscle relaxation-answer: b unconsciousness, which is usually achieved with thiopental, cannot be maintained with nitrous oxide alone (the drug has a mac higher than 100%) and therefore another potent anesthetic is needed. moreover nitrous oxide nas negligible effects on skeletal muscle tone and therefore an halogenated anesthetic is given together, most of the time (all halogenated anesthetics cause relaxation of skeletal muscle and enhance the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents). a) actually the nitrous oxide induced analgesia is excellent, even at low concentration of the gas. c, d, e) actually halothane can cause, not prevent, all these listed effects.