Pharm - General Anesthetics

20 Questions | By Chachelly | Last updated: Mar 21, 2022 | Total Attempts: 1265

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1.

A halogenated anesthetic that causes fast induction and recovery
- A.
  
  Halothane
- B.
  
  Sevoflurane
- C.
  
  Nitrous oxide
- D.
  
  Thiopental
- E.
  
  Propofol
- F.
  
  Etomidate
- G.
  
  Ketamine
- H.
  
  Midazolam
- I.
  
  Fentanyl
2.

This drug can trigger an attack of acute porphyria in risk patients.
- A.
  
  Halothane
- B.
  
  Sevoflurane
- C.
  
  Nitrous oxide
- D.
  
  Thiopental
- E.
  
  Propofol
- F.
  
  Etomidate
- G.
  
  Ketamine
- H.
  
  Midazolam
- I.
  
  Fentanyl
3.

This drug has the highest incidence of postanesthetic nausea and vomiting.
- A.
  
  Halothane
- B.
  
  Sevoflurane
- C.
  
  Nitrous oxide
- D.
  
  Thiopental
- E.
  
  Propofol
- F.
  
  Etomidate
- G.
  
  Ketamine
- H.
  
  Midazolam
- I.
  
  Fentanyl
4.

This inhaled anesthetic substantially reduced the needed concentration of other inhaled anesthetics given concomitantly
- A.
  
  Halothane
- B.
  
  Sevoflurane
- C.
  
  Nitrous oxide
- D.
  
  Thiopental
- E.
  
  Propofol
- F.
  
  Etomidate
- G.
  
  Ketamine
- H.
  
  Midazolam
- I.
  
  Fentanyl
5.

This drug causes a cataleptic state called dissociative anesthesia
- A.
  
  Halothane
- B.
  
  Sevoflurane
- C.
  
  Nitrous oxide
- D.
  
  Thiopental
- E.
  
  Propofol
- F.
  
  Etomidate
- G.
  
  Ketamine
- H.
  
  Midazolam
- I.
  
  Fentanyl
6.

New potential general anesthetics were tested in laboratory animals. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of each drug is reported in the table below: Which of the following drug has the highest potency?
- A.
  
  Drug A
- B.
  
  Drug B
- C.
  
  Drug C
- D.
  
  Drug D
- E.
  
  Drug E
7.

A 43-year-old man underwent surgery to remove a prostatic cancer. Sevoflurane was used for general anesthesia. The drug has a minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of 2.0. Which of the following phrases best describes the MAC of an inhalational anesthetic?
- A.
  
  The blood/gas partition coefficient of the anesthetic
- B.
  
  The concentration of anesthetic needed for short surgery
- C.
  
  The ED50 on a conventional quantal dose-response curve
- D.
  
  The maximal efficacy of the anesthetic
- E.
  
  The concentration of anesthetic in the inspired air
8.

A 48-year-old woman underwent surgery to remove an uterine myoma. General anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained by sevoflurane and nitrous oxide. The blockade of which of the following receptors most likely mediated the effectiveness of nitrous oxide in this patient?
- A.
  
  Nm cholinergic
- B.
  
  Alpha-1 adrenergic
- C.
  
  NMDA glutamatergic
- D.
  
  GABAergic
- E.
  
  5-HT3 serotonergic
9.

A 44-year-old man underwent surgery because of a prolapsed intervertebral disk. General anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. When administration of sevoflurane was discontinued the patient regained consciousness in few minutes. Which of the following statements best explains why sevoflurane caused a rapid anesthetic recovery?
- A.
  
  It redistributed rapidly to the lipid tissue
- B.
  
  It is rapidly metabolized
- C.
  
  It has a low MAC value
- D.
  
  It has a low blood/gas partition coefficient
- E.
  
  It concentrates mainly into the cerebral cortex
10.

A 63-year-old woman underwent surgery to remove a vulvar cancer. The patient was a heavy smoker and had been suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for 20 years. General Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. Which of the following sevoflurane effects most likely occurred during surgery?
- A.
  
  Decreased cardiac output
- B.
  
  Increased ventilatory response to carbon dioxide
- C.
  
  Bronchodilation
- D.
  
  Increased skeletal muscle tone
- E.
  
  Increased uterine tone
11.

A 52-year-old woman underwent hysterectomy to remove an endometrial carcinoma. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained with nitrous oxide and halothane. Which of the following statements best explains why another anesthetic like halothane was added to nitrous oxide ?
- A.
  
  To achieve a more complete analgesia
- B.
  
  To maintain unconsciousness and muscle relaxation
- C.
  
  To prevent sensitization of the myocardium to catecholamines
- D.
  
  To prevent anesthesia induced respiratory depression
- E.
  
  To prevent post anesthetic nausea and vomiting
12.

A 12-year-old was admitted to the hospital with the admitting diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Family history of the patient indicated that his father underwent surgery few years ago ad suffered a serious disorder just after the beginning of general anesthesia. Further analysis indicated that the disorder was an inherited autosomal dominant disease. Because of this the anesthesiologist avoided the use of halogenated anaesthetics in this boy. Which of the following was most likely the disorder suffered by the patient’s father?
- A.
  
  Acute intermittent porphyria
- B.
  
  Malignant hyperthermia
- C.
  
  Acute hepatitis
- D.
  
  Hemolytic anemia
- E.
  
  Myasthenia gravis
13.

A 43-year-old woman underwent dilation and curettage because of an abnormal vaginal bleeding. General anesthesia was performed with thiopental. The patient lost consciousness in about 10 seconds and regained it 15 minutes later. Which of the following phrases best explains why general anesthesia induced by a standard dose of thiopental lasts 5-15 minutes?
- A.
  
  Slow distribution of the drug into the CNS
- B.
  
  Fast elimination of the drug from the body
- C.
  
  Redistribution of the drug into peripheral tissues
- D.
  
  Rapid biotransformation of the drug by the brain
- E.
  
  Poor diffusion of the drug into the central neurons
14.

A 61-year-old man underwent surgery to remove a prostate cancer. An IV injection of thiopental was performed and the patient lost consciousness in 10 seconds. Which of the following mechanism of action most likely mediated the anesthetic effect of the drug?
- A.
  
  Increased affinity of GABA for its GABA-A receptor
- B.
  
  Enhancement of beta-carboline affinity for GABA-A receptor
- C.
  
  Blockade of NMDA glutamate receptors in the CNS
- D.
  
  Enhancement of Cl- channel opening in the absence of GABA
- E.
  
  Activation of GABA-B receptors on presynaptic terminals
15.

A 61-year-old woman underwent colonoscopy because of rectal bleeding. The woman was very afraid of the procedure and asked for a general anesthesia. Since she had been suffering from coronary artery disease for seven years, etomidate was chosen for anesthesia. Which of the following effects most likely occurred in this patient during the postanesthetic period?
- A.
  
  Nausea and vomiting
- B.
  
  Delusions
- C.
  
  Respiratory depression
- D.
  
  Increased blood pressure
- E.
  
  Decreased heart rate
16.

A 4-year-old girl, who had been suffering from asthma for six months, was scheduled for a short suture procedure that was anticipated to take approximately 10 minutes. She was brought to the operation room by her parents and was in distress over parting from them and afraid of the doctors. Which of the following drugs would be appropriate for providing sedation and analgesia to this girl?
- A.
  
  Ketamine
- B.
  
  Thiopental
- C.
  
  Fentanyl
- D.
  
  Halothane
- E.
  
  Sevoflurane
17.

A 49-year-old woman underwent abdominal surgery to remove a colon cancer. The anesthesia was performed with thiopental, fentanyl and nitrous oxide. Which of the following adverse effects was most likely to occur shortly after the recovery from anesthesia?
- A.
  
  Watery diarrhea
- B.
  
  Malignant hyperthermia
- C.
  
  Hallucinations
- D.
  
  Nausea and vomiting
- E.
  
  Strong pain
18.

A 52-year-old man underwent liver biopsy for a suspected liver cancer. Conscious sedation was induced with a drug combination that has the advantage of being reversible by the administration of specific receptor antagonists. Which of the following pairs of drugs was most likely administered ?
- A.
  
  Fentanyl and thiopental
- B.
  
  Fentanyl and midazolam
- C.
  
  Fentanyl and ketamine
- D.
  
  Thiopental and midazolam
- E.
  
  Thiopental and ketamine
19.

A 57-year-old man was undergoing surgery to remove a kidney carcinoma. The anesthesia was induced withy propofol, maintained with halothane, and supplemented by succinylcholine. A few minutes into the operation the patient exhibited fever of 104° F, skeletal muscle contracture, and profuse diaphoresis. His blood pressure dropped to 80/50 mm Hg and the heart rate was 125 bpm. Which of the following molecular actions best explains the signs and symptoms of the patient?
- A.
  
  Excessive release of acetylcholine from motor neuron terminals
- B.
  
  Opening of K+ channels in skeletal muscle membrane
- C.
  
  Excessive release of Ca++ from sarcoplasmic reticulum
- D.
  
  Blockade of Ca++ channel in skeletal muscle membrane
- E.
  
  Opening of Cl- channels in motor end plate
20.

A 63-year-old man underwent surgery to remove a laringeal carcinoma. The man was an heavy smoker and had been suffering from COPD for 15 years. General anesthesia was induced by propofol and maintained by sevoflurane and nitrous oxide. A low dose of ketamine was added to provide additional analgesia. The blockade of which of the following receptors most likely mediated the therapeutic efficacy of ketamine in this patient?
- A.
  
  Nm cholinergic
- B.
  
  Alpha-1 adrenergic
- C.
  
  NMDA glutamatergic
- D.
  
  GABAergic
- E.
  
  Endorphinergic