Science, Technology And Society Quiz

The Stone Age is the correct answer because it is the time period in human history where humans primarily relied on hunting and gathering for their survival. During this time, humans had not yet developed agriculture or settled communities, and instead, they lived in small groups and relied on hunting animals and gathering wild plants for food. The Stone Age is characterized by the use of stone tools and weapons, as well as the development of basic social structures and cultural practices.

The given correct answer, "Science, Technology and Society," refers to the interdependent relationship between these three elements. Science drives technological advancements, which in turn shape society. Society's needs and values also influence the direction of scientific research and the development of technology. This cycle of codependence and co-influence highlights the interconnectedness of science, technology, and society, and the impact they have on each other.

The Egyptians are credited with being the inventors of simple machines such as ramps and levers to aid construction processes. These inventions were crucial in the construction of monumental structures such as the pyramids. The Egyptians' understanding and utilization of these simple machines allowed them to move heavy objects and build impressive structures that still stand today.

Technology is the correct answer because it involves the practical application of knowledge in a specific area. Technology refers to the tools, machines, and systems that are created through the application of scientific knowledge to solve problems or meet human needs. It is a capability that is derived from the practical application of knowledge, allowing us to create inventions and innovations that improve our lives and society as a whole.

The Chinese civilization developed seismological detectors, matches, paper, sliding calipers, and wheelbarrows. Seismological detectors were used to detect and measure earthquakes, matches were invented for fire-making, paper was developed as a writing material, sliding calipers were used for precise measurements, and wheelbarrows were used for transporting heavy loads. These inventions and advancements demonstrate the ingenuity and technological prowess of the Chinese civilization.

Gel electrophoresis is a method commonly used to separate and sort DNA strands based on their length. It involves placing DNA samples onto a gel matrix and applying an electric field. Since DNA is negatively charged, it moves towards the positive electrode. The smaller DNA fragments move faster and travel further through the gel, while larger fragments move slower and remain closer to the starting point. This technique allows scientists to analyze and compare DNA samples, such as in genetic research, forensic analysis, and paternity testing.

The device used in PCR that heats up and cools down is called a thermal cycler. This instrument is essential in the PCR process as it allows for the precise control of temperature changes required for the denaturation, annealing, and extension steps of the reaction. The thermal cycler ensures that the DNA strands are properly separated, primers are annealed, and DNA polymerase can extend the DNA strands, enabling the amplification of specific target sequences.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a widely used method in diagnosing diseases and amplifying a specific segment of DNA. It allows for the creation of billions of copies of a DNA segment, making it easier to study and analyze. PCR involves multiple cycles of heating and cooling to denature, anneal, and extend DNA strands, thereby exponentially amplifying the targeted DNA region. This technique is valuable in various applications, including genetic testing, forensic analysis, and research studies.

DNA microarray is a powerful tool used to study gene expression patterns in various diseases, including cancer. In the case of skin cancer, melanoma is the specific type of skin cancer cell that is examined using DNA microarray. Melanoma is a malignant tumor that develops from melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing the pigment melanin. By analyzing the gene expression patterns in melanoma cells using DNA microarray, researchers can gain insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of the disease and potentially identify new therapeutic targets.

A microarray is a device used to detect and analyze the binding of molecules, such as cDNA, by using a grid of microscopic spots. It allows researchers to simultaneously study the expression levels of thousands of genes or the presence of specific molecules in a sample. In this case, the microarray would be used to visualize the bonding of red cDNA molecules, providing information about their presence and distribution.

Cheek cells are usually collected in DNA extraction because they are easily accessible and provide a good source of DNA. Cheek cells are found on the inner lining of the mouth and can be collected by swabbing the inside of the cheek. These cells contain DNA, which can be extracted and used for various purposes such as genetic testing, forensic analysis, or research. Cheek cells are non-invasive to collect and provide a sufficient amount of DNA for analysis, making them a commonly used type of cells in DNA extraction.

DNA microarray is a powerful technique that allows researchers to study the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. It involves immobilizing thousands of DNA sequences on a solid surface and then hybridizing them with fluorescently-labeled DNA samples. By measuring the intensity of the fluorescence, researchers can determine which genes are turned on or off in a particular sample. This method has a wide range of applications, including studying gene expression patterns in cancer cells, identifying disease-causing genes, and understanding the effects of different treatments or environmental factors on gene expression.

A microcentrifuge is a laboratory apparatus that is commonly used to separate proteins and debris from DNA samples. It achieves this by spinning the samples at high speeds, causing the denser components like proteins and debris to settle at the bottom while the DNA remains in the supernatant. The microcentrifuge's centrifugal force allows for efficient separation of the different components, making it an essential tool in molecular biology and biochemistry research.

A micropipettor is a commonly used laboratory apparatus for accurately measuring and transferring small volumes of liquid solutions. It consists of a handle, a plunger, and a disposable tip. By adjusting the plunger, the user can aspirate a desired volume of solution into the tip and then dispense it into another container. The term "sucking up solutions" refers to the process of aspirating the liquid into the micropipettor. Therefore, the correct answer for the apparatus used in sucking up solutions is a micropipettor.