Health 200 - Final Exam Unit 4 - Quiz, Flashcards & Trivia

1. What term is commonly used to describe the state of becoming dependent on a substance or behavior?

Abstaining from use

Experiencing withdrawal

Becoming Addicted

Achieving balance

The correct answer 'Becoming Addicted' refers to the process where one develops a physical or psychological dependence on a substance or behavior, leading to compulsive use despite negative consequences. The incorrect answers do not accurately describe the process of addiction.

Explanation

The correct answer 'Becoming Addicted' refers to the process where one develops a physical or psychological dependence on a substance or behavior, leading to compulsive use despite negative consequences. The incorrect answers do not accurately describe the process of addiction.

2. What does Physical Dependence refer to?

Refers to a state resulting from chronic use of a drug that has produced tolerance and where negative physical symptoms[1] of withdrawal result from abrupt discontinuation or dosage reduction.

Physical Dependence refers to the psychological reliance on a substance.

Physical Dependence refers to the increased sensitivity to a drug after prolonged use.

Physical Dependence refers to the temporary feeling of discomfort when trying to quit a drug.

Physical Dependence is a physiological state where the body has adapted to a drug's presence, leading to withdrawal symptoms upon cessation.

Explanation

Physical Dependence is a physiological state where the body has adapted to a drug's presence, leading to withdrawal symptoms upon cessation.

3. What is Psychological Dependence?

Dependence on a psychoactive substance for the reinforcement it provides.

An emotional connection to a person or object that is unhealthy.

Physical reliance on a substance to function normally.

A type of therapy used to treat mental health disorders.

Psychological dependence refers to relying on a psychoactive substance for its reinforcing effects, rather than a physical need for it to function normally.

Explanation

Psychological dependence refers to relying on a psychoactive substance for its reinforcing effects, rather than a physical need for it to function normally.

4. What is any substance, other than food, that affects bodily functions and structures when taken into the body?

Vitamin

Drug

Supplement

Protein

While vitamins, supplements, and proteins can also affect bodily functions and structures, the term 'drug' specifically refers to any substance that affects these functions when taken into the body.

Explanation

While vitamins, supplements, and proteins can also affect bodily functions and structures, the term 'drug' specifically refers to any substance that affects these functions when taken into the body.

5. What is the term used to describe the use of a drug for a purpose or practice other than that for which it was intended?

Drug Abuse

Off-label Use

Drug Misuse

Addiction

Drug misuse refers to using a drug in a way other than prescribed or intended, whereas drug abuse refers to the excessive use of a drug. Off-label use refers to using a medication for a purpose not approved by regulatory authorities. Addiction is a physical or psychological dependency on a substance.

Explanation

Drug misuse refers to using a drug in a way other than prescribed or intended, whereas drug abuse refers to the excessive use of a drug. Off-label use refers to using a medication for a purpose not approved by regulatory authorities. Addiction is a physical or psychological dependency on a substance.

6. What is the term used to describe the excessive use of a drug in a manner inconsistent with accepted medical practice?

Pharmaceutical Mishandling

Medication Misuse

Substance Overuse

Drug Abuse

Drug abuse refers to the inappropriate use of drugs that are not medically necessary. The other options do not specifically describe the concept of drug abuse.

Explanation

Drug abuse refers to the inappropriate use of drugs that are not medically necessary. The other options do not specifically describe the concept of drug abuse.

7. What term is used to describe a drug, substance, or habit that represents a user's first experience and can potentially lead to the use of more harmful substances?

Access drugs

Transition drugs

Experimental drugs

GATEWAY DRUGS

Gateway drugs are substances that are believed to open the door for individuals to using more harmful drugs. They are often seen as the starting point for drug use.

Explanation

Gateway drugs are substances that are believed to open the door for individuals to using more harmful drugs. They are often seen as the starting point for drug use.

8. What does the term 'tolerance' refer to in the context of drugs?

The elimination of side effects experienced from a drug

When a subject's reaction to a specific drug and concentration of the drug is progressively reduced, requiring an increase in concentration to achieve the desired effect

The built-in resistance of a drug to degradation

The ability to withstand pain in a medical procedure

The reduced effectiveness of a drug over time due to continual use

Tolerance refers to the decreased reaction to a drug over time, necessitating higher doses for the same effect.

Explanation

Tolerance refers to the decreased reaction to a drug over time, necessitating higher doses for the same effect.

9. What is Cross-Tolerance?

A situation where a patient develops tolerance to a drug without exposure to other medications

A term used to describe patients being unable to tolerate any drug treatments

Refers to a pharmacological phenomenon, in which a patient being treated with a drug exhibits a physiological resistance to that medication as a result of tolerance to a pharmacologically similar drug. In other words, there is a decrease in response to one drug due to exposure to another drug. It is observed in treatment with antivirals, antibiotics, analgesics and many other medications.

A condition where multiple drugs are taken together to enhance their effects

Cross-Tolerance specifically refers to the phenomenon where tolerance to a pharmacologically similar drug results in decreased response to another drug. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately define Cross-Tolerance.

Explanation

Cross-Tolerance specifically refers to the phenomenon where tolerance to a pharmacologically similar drug results in decreased response to another drug. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately define Cross-Tolerance.

10. What is withdrawal illness?

A side effect of not drinking enough water while on medication

An allergic reaction to a medication

A temporary feeling of discomfort after taking a new medication

Abnormal physical or psychological features that follow the abrupt discontinuation of a drug that has the capability of producing physical dependence. Common withdrawal symptoms include sweating, tremor, vomiting, anxiety, insomnia, and muscle pain.

Withdrawal illness refers specifically to the symptoms that occur when a drug that can lead to physical dependence is abruptly discontinued, rather than being related to allergic reactions, general discomfort, or lack of hydration.

Explanation

Withdrawal illness refers specifically to the symptoms that occur when a drug that can lead to physical dependence is abruptly discontinued, rather than being related to allergic reactions, general discomfort, or lack of hydration.

11. Which term describes the combination effects of Additive, Synergistic, Potentiated, and Antagonistic?

Isolated

Diminished

Additive Synergistic Potentiated Antagonistic

Enhanced

Combination Effects is a term used to describe the overall impact of additives such as Additive, Synergistic, Potentiated, and Antagonistic. Enhanced, Isolated, and Diminished do not encompass the full spectrum of combination effects described.

Explanation

Combination Effects is a term used to describe the overall impact of additives such as Additive, Synergistic, Potentiated, and Antagonistic. Enhanced, Isolated, and Diminished do not encompass the full spectrum of combination effects described.

12. What is the definition of an additive effect in pharmacology?

When a drug has a negative effect on the body

An effect that occurs only when multiple drugs are taken in high doses

Is the term used when two or more drugs are taken at the same time and the action of one plus the action of the other results in an action as if just one drug had been given. This could be represented by 1+1= 2. An example would be a barbiturate and a tranquilizer given together before surgery to relax the patient.

The opposite of a synergistic effect where drugs cancel each other out

An additive effect in pharmacology refers to the combined effect of two or more drugs resulting in an action as if just one drug had been given, represented by 1+1= 2. It is not a negative effect of a drug, nor does it depend on high doses or cancellation of effects.

Explanation

An additive effect in pharmacology refers to the combined effect of two or more drugs resulting in an action as if just one drug had been given, represented by 1+1= 2. It is not a negative effect of a drug, nor does it depend on high doses or cancellation of effects.

13. What is synergism?

Is the term used to describe the neutralization of acidity in the stomach

Is similar to potentiation. If two drugs are taken together that are similar in action, such as barbiturates and alcohol, which are both depressants, an effect exaggerated out of proportion to that of each drug taken separately at the given dose may occur. This could be expressed by 1+1= 5. An example might be a person taking a dose of alcohol and a dose of a barbiturate. Normally, taken alone, neither substance would cause serious harm, but if taken together, the combination could cause coma or death.

Is the process by which muscle cells are broken down for energy

Is the practice of combining two or more unrelated substances to create a new therapeutic agent

Synergism refers to the interaction of two or more substances or agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects. It is often used in pharmacology to describe the enhancing effect of drugs or substances when taken together.

Explanation

Synergism refers to the interaction of two or more substances or agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects. It is often used in pharmacology to describe the enhancing effect of drugs or substances when taken together.

14. What is potentiation in terms of pharmacology?

Potentiation is when a drug causes adverse reactions in the body.

Occurs when two drugs are taken together and one of them intensifies the action of the other. This could be expressed by a +b= B. As an example, Phenergan(R), an antihistamine, when given with a painkilling narcotic such as Demerol(R) intensifies its effect, there by cutting down on the amount of the narcotic needed.

Potentiation happens when two drugs cancel out each other's effects.

Potentiation refers to the process of breaking down drugs in the liver before they can take effect.

Potentiation in pharmacology occurs when one drug intensifies the action of another when taken together, leading to an increased effect. This is important to consider when prescribing medications to avoid harmful interactions.

Explanation

Potentiation in pharmacology occurs when one drug intensifies the action of another when taken together, leading to an increased effect. This is important to consider when prescribing medications to avoid harmful interactions.

15. What is antagonism in terms of pharmacology?

Is action in which two drugs given together will have an opposite effect on the body. This could be expressed by 1+1=0. An example might be the use of a tranquilizer to stop the action of LSD. Some stimulants will counteract the effects of depressants and thus are used to treat overdoses of barbiturates and narcotics.

Antagonism is when one drug enhances the effects of another drug on the body.

Antagonism refers to the combination of two drugs that produce an exaggerated effect on the body.

Antagonism involves two drugs given together that will have a similar effect on the body.

Antagonism in pharmacology refers to the action of two drugs that have opposite effects when taken together. This contrasts with synergy, which is when two drugs combined have a greater effect than individually. Understanding antagonism is important in medication interactions and treatment.

Explanation

Antagonism in pharmacology refers to the action of two drugs that have opposite effects when taken together. This contrasts with synergy, which is when two drugs combined have a greater effect than individually. Understanding antagonism is important in medication interactions and treatment.

16. Which substances are considered as Club Drugs/ Designer Drugs?

Marijuana, Alcohol, Nicotine

Cocaine, Methamphetamine, Heroin

MDMA, MDA, MDEARohypnolGHB

LSD, Psilocybin, Ketamine

Club Drugs/Designer Drugs include substances like MDMA, MDA, MDEA, Rohypnol, and GHB which are commonly used in social settings like clubs or parties for their psychoactive effects.

Explanation

Club Drugs/Designer Drugs include substances like MDMA, MDA, MDEA, Rohypnol, and GHB which are commonly used in social settings like clubs or parties for their psychoactive effects.

17. Which of the following are examples of stimulants?

Antidepressants, Antipsychotics, Sedatives, Antihistamines

AmphetamineMETHCocaineTobacco/ Nicotine

Heroin, Opiates, Benzodiazepines, PCP

LSD, Ecstasy, Marijuana, Alcohol

Stimulants are a class of drugs that increase activity in the brain and body. They can lead to increased energy, alertness, and attention. Examples of stimulants include Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, Cocaine, and Tobacco/Nicotine.

Explanation

Stimulants are a class of drugs that increase activity in the brain and body. They can lead to increased energy, alertness, and attention. Examples of stimulants include Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, Cocaine, and Tobacco/Nicotine.

18. Which of the following is classified as a depressant?

AlcoholBarbituatesTranquilizersNarcotics/ Opioids

Cocaine

Ecstasy

Marijuana

Depressants are substances that slow down the central nervous system, leading to relaxation and drowsiness. Alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, and narcotics/opioids are all examples of depressants.

Explanation

Depressants are substances that slow down the central nervous system, leading to relaxation and drowsiness. Alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, and narcotics/opioids are all examples of depressants.

19. Which of the following are examples of hallucinogens?

PCPLSDMescaline

Alcohol, Nicotine, Caffeine

Cocaine, Heroin, Marijuana

Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Acetaminophen

Hallucinogens are substances that cause hallucinations, distortions in perception, and other sensory disturbances. PCP, LSD, and Mescaline are examples of hallucinogens known for their mind-altering effects.

Explanation

Hallucinogens are substances that cause hallucinations, distortions in perception, and other sensory disturbances. PCP, LSD, and Mescaline are examples of hallucinogens known for their mind-altering effects.

20. Which of the following substances can be classified as inhalants?

Alcohol

Caffeine

Solvents, AerosolsNitratesNitrous Oxide

Nicotine

Inhalants refer to substances that are breathed in or inhaled to produce mind-altering effects. Caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol are not typically classified as inhalants.

Explanation

Inhalants refer to substances that are breathed in or inhaled to produce mind-altering effects. Caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol are not typically classified as inhalants.