Social Aspects Of Sports Quiz

During the first two decades of intercollegiate athletics administration, the primary basis for control and decision-making was student initiative. This means that students were the driving force behind organizing and managing athletic activities, including forming teams, scheduling games, and making decisions regarding rules and regulations. The authority and responsibility for athletics were largely in the hands of the students themselves, rather than faculty members, the institution's president, or athletic directors. This decentralized approach allowed students to have a significant role in shaping and leading the athletic programs during that time period.

Adolescent girls traditionally dropped the pursuit of serious sport involvement due to social pressure to become passive and inactive. This means that they felt pressured by society to conform to traditional gender roles and expectations, which discouraged them from participating in sports and being physically active.

The given correct answer suggests that the idea that "sport is a way out of the ghetto" is a meaningless statement that distorts reality from African American youth. This implies that the notion of sports being a means of escape from poverty and disadvantage for African Americans is not accurate or realistic. It implies that relying solely on sports as a path to success may not be a reliable or sustainable strategy for African American youth.

Selling a franchise typically creates the most capital gain for a professional sports team owner. When a franchise is sold, the owner can make a significant profit from the sale. This is because the value of a successful sports franchise can increase over time, especially if the team has a strong fan base and generates significant revenue. Selling a franchise allows the owner to cash in on this increased value and realize a substantial capital gain.

African American athletes have been more successful in sports like football and basketball because there is wide public access where these sports can be learned and played. This means that African American individuals have more opportunities to develop their skills and excel in these sports compared to others. This access to training facilities, coaching, and competition allows them to hone their abilities and increase their chances of making it to the professional ranks in these sports.

The statement suggests that there is no longer any controversy about drug testing, implying that everyone agrees on its validity and accuracy. However, this is not true. While drug testing is widely used and accepted, there are still debates and concerns about its effectiveness, reliability, and potential for false positives or negatives. The controversy surrounding drug testing continues to exist, indicating that the statement is false.

Members of the upper social classes tend to engage in individual sports more frequently than members of the lower classes. This could be because individual sports often require expensive equipment or facilities, which may be more accessible to those with higher incomes. Additionally, individual sports may be seen as more prestigious or exclusive, aligning with the social status and preferences of the upper classes. In contrast, team sports may be more accessible and affordable for individuals from lower social classes, as they often require less equipment and can be played in community settings.

The correct answer is parents. Parents play a crucial role in shaping a child's beliefs and attitudes towards sex roles. They are the primary source of socialization and transmit cultural values, norms, and expectations regarding gender roles. Through their words, actions, and behaviors, parents influence their children's understanding of what is considered appropriate or inappropriate behavior for males and females. This instruction from parents is often the most consistent and long-lasting, as it starts from an early age and continues throughout a person's life. Peers, teachers, and siblings also contribute to the teaching of sex role ideology, but parents have the greatest impact.

The statement "overcome all discrimination based on their gender in sport journalism" is not true. While female sports writers had made significant progress by the early 1990s, they still faced discrimination and challenges based on their gender in the field of sport journalism.

This statement is false because one of the tenets of television sportscasters is actually that they are sport promoters first and journalists second. Sportscasters are often employed by sports networks or teams to provide commentary and analysis that promotes the sport and engages viewers. While they may still adhere to journalistic ethics and report on events accurately, their primary role is to promote the sport and entertain the audience.

The correct answer is that African Americans were systematically excluded from racially mixed sport participation until the 1940s. This means that prior to the 1940s, African Americans were not allowed to participate in sports alongside individuals of different races. This policy of segregation was pervasive and affected all levels of sport, from professional to collegiate. It was only in the 1940s that racial desegregation efforts began to dismantle these discriminatory practices and allow African Americans to fully participate in sports.

During the colonial period in North America, there were not a large variety of organized participant and spectator sports present. This suggests that the statement is false.

The given statement is false. Research has actually shown that viewing aggressive sport action does not decrease subsequent aggressive behavior. In fact, some studies have found that exposure to aggressive sports can actually increase aggression in viewers. This may be due to the fact that aggressive sports can normalize and reinforce aggressive behavior, leading to an increase in aggressive tendencies. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

The given answer suggests that individuals who have been involved in organized sports are more likely to have a professionalized orientation towards sports compared to their peers. This means that they are more likely to approach sports with a serious and competitive mindset, focusing on skill development, performance, and achieving goals. This could be attributed to the structured and disciplined nature of organized sports, which encourages individuals to adopt a professional mindset.

The statement suggests that there is an equal representation of African American athletes in professional individual sports and team sports. However, this is not true as there is a significant underrepresentation of African American athletes in professional individual sports compared to team sports. This can be attributed to various factors such as access to resources, opportunities, and systemic barriers that may limit their participation in individual sports.

The correct answer is "blatantly manipulated". This means that the media in the field of sports intentionally alters or distorts the reporting of events. This suggests that the media may have ulterior motives or biases when it comes to their coverage of sports.

The reverse clause in professional sports refers to the binding of a player perpetually to negotiate only with the owner of his contract. This means that once a player signs a contract with a team, they are obligated to negotiate future contracts exclusively with that team's owner. This clause restricts the player's ability to explore other options or negotiate with other teams, essentially tying them to the current team for the duration of their contract.

The answer suggests that sexism has become ingrained in the very framework and organization of sports. It implies that discriminatory practices based on gender have become prevalent and accepted within the sports industry, indicating that sexism has become institutionalized. This means that sexist discrimination is not just an individual or occasional occurrence, but rather a systematic and pervasive issue within the structure of sports.

Professional team sports in the United States can be considered an unregulated monopoly because there is no competition from other leagues or organizations that offer the same product. While there may be multiple teams within a league, the league itself operates as a monopoly, controlling the market for professional team sports. Unlike regulated monopolies, such as utilities, professional team sports are not subject to government regulations or oversight. Additionally, they are not publicly owned, as they are typically privately owned by individuals or groups. While profitable, the key characteristic that distinguishes professional team sports as an unregulated monopoly is the absence of competition.

The NCAA has not opposed student athletes leaving early for professional careers, which is an indication of good faith on their part.

As the participation of female athletes has increased in high school and collegiate sport, the percentage of women in coaching and sport administration has decreased. This could be due to various factors such as gender biases, lack of opportunities, and systemic barriers that prevent women from advancing in these fields. Despite the progress made in female participation in sports, there is still a need for more representation and support for women in coaching and sport administration roles.

The original tenets of the Protestant ethic emphasize the values of success, self-discipline, and hard work. These qualities are highly valued in an athlete as they contribute to their overall performance and achievement. Success is a measure of accomplishment and reaching goals, self-discipline is essential for maintaining focus and dedication, and hard work is necessary for continuous improvement and overcoming challenges. These qualities not only contribute to individual success but also foster a strong work ethic and determination in athletes.

Professional wrestling is an example of a "Prole" spectator sport because it appeals to a wide audience and often emphasizes dramatic storylines and characters. It is known for its theatricality and exaggerated performances, which can captivate and entertain fans from various backgrounds. Unlike track, professional baseball, and miniature golf, professional wrestling has a strong focus on creating a spectacle and engaging the audience through scripted matches and narratives.

The correct answer is that Bill of Rights for Young Athletes and Fair Play Codes have been formulated. This means that measures have been taken to protect young athletes from adult exploitation in sports. By formulating these codes and rights, guidelines and regulations are put in place to ensure the safety and well-being of young athletes. These codes may outline appropriate behavior, fair play, and standards of conduct for coaches, officials, and other individuals involved in sports.

The statement is false because it states that most defenders of gender equity in women's intercollegiate sports advocate for eliminating men's sports teams. However, this is not true as advocates for gender equity generally aim for equal opportunities and resources for both men's and women's sports, rather than eliminating one to benefit the other.

The correct answer is "equalize the number of mens and womens events." The textbook authors do not propose equalizing the number of men's and women's events in the Olympic Games.

The frustration/aggression theory suggests that aggression and violence are mainly a result of frustration. According to this theory, individuals become aggressive when they are prevented from achieving a desired goal or when their expectations are not met. This frustration then leads to aggression as a way of expressing their anger or releasing their pent-up emotions. The theory also emphasizes that aggression can be learned through observational learning and reinforcement, highlighting the role of socialization in the development of aggressive behavior.

Fetishes are objects that are believed to possess magical powers and are used by athletes to attain their desired ends. These objects are considered to have a special connection to the spiritual realm and are believed to bring luck, protection, or enhanced performance to the athletes. This belief in the magical powers of the objects is what characterizes them as fetishes.

The statement is false because it is not a common practice among NCAA Division 1 institutions to use the money earned from collegiate sports to help other parts of the university. In fact, the money generated from collegiate sports is often used to fund the athletic programs themselves, including scholarships for student-athletes, facility upgrades, and coaching salaries. The revenue generated from sports events is typically reinvested into the athletic department rather than being allocated to other areas of the university.

Functionalist theory focuses on understanding how social institutions and structures contribute to the overall stability and cohesion of society. It emphasizes the social bond that holds groups together, highlighting the importance of shared values, norms, and social integration in maintaining social order. This perspective views society as a system composed of interconnected parts that work together to maintain balance and harmony. By studying the social bond, functionalists aim to explain how individuals and groups function within society and how they contribute to its overall functioning and stability.

Title IX is a federal law in the United States that prohibits sex-based discrimination in education programs and activities. One of the effects of Title IX is the increased numbers of females in athletic participation at both the high school and college levels. Another effect is the increased allocation of funds for female athletic programs. However, the question asks for the option that is NOT an effect of Title IX. Therefore, the correct answer is the increased numbers of females in athletic administration, as Title IX primarily focuses on participation and funding rather than administrative roles.

The statement contradicts itself by saying that there was a great diversity among Native American cultures, but then claims that only a few tribes engaged in physical activities. This implies that the majority of Native American tribes did not engage in physical activities, which is unlikely given the wide range of cultural practices and traditions among different tribes. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Both peer play and adult organized sports do provide opportunities for players to develop interpersonal skills and make decisions. Peer play, which refers to children playing with their peers without adult supervision, allows children to learn how to negotiate, communicate, and resolve conflicts on their own. On the other hand, adult organized sports provide a structured environment where players can learn teamwork, communication, and decision-making skills under the guidance of coaches and mentors. Therefore, the statement is false as both types of play offer opportunities for interpersonal skill development and decision-making.

The explanation for the answer "False" is that the examples given in the chapter on intercollegiate athletics demonstrate that college athletic programs have evolved and deviated from the amateur athletics model. This implies that college athletic programs are no longer solely based on amateurism, but have instead adopted more professional and commercial aspects.

The statement is false because the Emancipation Proclamation did not directly address equal opportunities in sports for black people. The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863 that declared all slaves in Confederate territory to be free. While it was an important step towards ending slavery, it did not specifically address sports or provide equal opportunities for black people in sports. The fight for equal opportunities in sports for black people came later, during the Civil Rights Movement in the 20th century.

The correct answer is increasing the size of the Major League Baseball. This answer is the only one that does not involve a manipulation of a structure or process in sport to enhance viewer appeal and accommodate programming needs of media sport. The other options all describe changes that have been made in various sports to make them more exciting or suitable for television broadcasting.

The correct answer is "all of the above". This means that all of the given options are consequences of an intercollegiate athletic department's search for money. Television often dictates schedules, meaning that games are scheduled based on television broadcasting preferences. Relatively few seats available in arenas go to students, indicating that a small percentage of seats are reserved for the student population. Finally, illegal offers are made when recruiting prospective student athletes, suggesting that unethical practices may occur in order to attract talented athletes to a college or university.

The statement suggests that no country has ever been barred from participating in the Olympic Games due to the noble thought that international sports competition promotes peace among nations. However, this is not entirely true. Throughout history, there have been instances where countries have been barred from participating in the Olympics due to various reasons, such as political conflicts, doping scandals, or failure to meet the eligibility criteria set by the International Olympic Committee. Hence, the correct answer is False.

The correct answer is "the two share a significant equivalence." This means that according to the discussion in the textbook, the Protestant ethic and the ideology of modern sport have a strong similarity or connection. The explanation could include examples or evidence from the textbook that support this idea, such as how both emphasize hard work, discipline, and individual achievement.

Politicians may use sport in multiple ways. Firstly, they may leverage their fame as athletes to gain popularity and increase their chances of getting elected to office. Secondly, they may seek the support of athletes during their campaigns, which can help in attracting votes and creating a positive image. Lastly, politicians may also use athletes to endorse and support the existing social order, aligning themselves with popular figures in order to maintain or reinforce the status quo. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above".

The main theme of the section on social mobility through sport for African Americans in the textbook is not that sports serves to move large numbers of blacks into higher social class standing.

The statement is false because the explanation suggests that about 40 percent of high school athletes are awarded an athletic scholarship, which implies that a significant number of athletes from low-income families are able to use sports as a means of upward social mobility. However, this statistic is not accurate. While athletic scholarships do exist, they are not awarded to such a large percentage of high school athletes. Therefore, the statement overstates the potential for upward social mobility through high school sports participation.

The correct answer is "all of the above." The explanation is that all three options provided in the question show the linkage between sport and politics. The first option mentions legislation that provides professional sports with unique treatment under antitrust laws, indicating that politics play a role in shaping the legal framework for sports. The second option highlights tax laws that grant special concessions to owners of professional teams, indicating political influence in the financial aspects of sports. The third option mentions tours of American teams sponsored by the U.S. Department, showing a direct connection between sports and government sponsorship. Therefore, all three options demonstrate the linkage between sport and politics.

Interscholastic athletics can have several consequences. Firstly, athletes receive substantial social rewards and recognition, which can boost their self-esteem and social standing. Secondly, it has a unifying effect on the school, bringing students, faculty, and the community together to support the athletes and the school. Additionally, interscholastic athletics serve a social control function by providing a structured and disciplined environment for students. Lastly, it can be used to encourage intellectual activities among the students, as participation in athletics often requires maintaining good academic standing. Therefore, all of the given options are valid consequences of interscholastic athletics.

The correct answer is "all of the above". The textbook authors suggest that three factors contribute to the alarming rate of violence by athletes against women: male bonding rituals, preconditioning to violent behavior, and steroid use by athletes. This means that all three factors play a role in the occurrence of violence by athletes against women, rather than just one or two of them.

The tremendous popularity of sport in North America is most likely a consequence of the conditions of mass society that encourage individuals to identify with a cause. In a mass society, people tend to seek a sense of belonging and purpose, which they often find through sports. Additionally, the emphasis by the media on sports further enhances their popularity by providing extensive coverage and creating a sense of excitement and engagement. Furthermore, North American sports have a close relationship with North American values, such as competition, teamwork, and national pride, which resonates with the population and contributes to their popularity. Therefore, all of these factors combined likely explain the tremendous popularity of sport in North America.

The correct answer is A and C only. This means that the reforms recommended by the textbook authors are to resist all efforts to "corporatize" high school sports and minimize the elitism of sports. This implies that the authors believe high school sports should not become overly commercialized and should be inclusive rather than exclusive. By resisting corporatization and minimizing elitism, the authors aim to preserve the educational and community-oriented nature of high school sports.

All of the proposed reforms for emphasizing education of student-athletes are mentioned in the text. The text suggests that only student athletes who have the potential to compete as students should be admitted. It also states that freshmen should be ineligible for varsity sports. Additionally, the text emphasizes that colleges must insist that athletes make satisfactory progress toward a degree. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" because all of these reforms are proposed in the text.

The organization of the Olympic Games is inherently political because nations have the power to select which athletes will represent them, and the IOC provides ceremonies where athletes march behind their countries' flags. Additionally, the IOC considers political criteria when deciding on the site for the Olympic Games. Therefore, all of the given options are examples of the political nature of the Olympic Games.

The correct answer is "all of the above". Various forms of automobile and motorcycle racing may appeal to working class persons because the artifacts of the sport are part of working class life, the machines represent excitement to persons whose work is dull and repetitious, and it offers persons of this class an opportunity to prove their worth in aggressive, competitive situations.

Sport in high schools accomplishes all of the social control functions mentioned in the options. Athletes must obey school rules, which helps maintain discipline and order within the school environment. They must also achieve minimum scholastic standards, which promotes academic success and emphasizes the importance of education. Additionally, athletes tend to support the school system by representing their school and fostering a sense of pride and unity. Therefore, none of the above options are excluded as all of them are social control functions accomplished by sport in high schools.