TAKS Checkpoint # 1
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The model below shows the sodium - potassium pump. Use the model and your knowledge of science to answer questions 1 - 3.Which substance is released from the pump in step B?
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ATP
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Phosphate group
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Sodium ion
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Potassium pump
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In this quiz you will be going over several concepts covered in the last unit and a half and test the TEKS to see where you are. Your password to get into the quiz is biology.
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- 2.
Which statement about ion concentration in this model is correct?
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ATP collects outside the cell.
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K+ ions collect inside the cell
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Na+ ions collect inside the cell
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Na+ ions collect outside the cell
Correct Answer
A. Na+ ions collect outside the cellExplanation
In this model, the correct statement about ion concentration is that Na+ ions collect outside the cell. This means that there is a higher concentration of Na+ ions outside the cell compared to inside.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What would happen if a cell's sodium - potassium pumps din not function properly?
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Water would leave the cell by osmosis.
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The cell would swell and burst.
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Sodium ions would diffuse out of the cell.
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The concentration of potassium ions would increase inside the cell.
Correct Answer
A. The cell would swell and burst.Explanation
If a cell's sodium-potassium pumps do not function properly, the concentration of sodium ions inside the cell would increase. This would lead to an imbalance in the osmotic pressure, causing water to enter the cell by osmosis. As a result, the cell would swell and eventually burst.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The concentration of molecule X is greater inside the cell than outside. If the cell acquires X from its surroundings, X must cross the cell membrane by means of
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Exocytosis
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Active transport
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Receptor proteins
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Second messengers
Correct Answer
A. Active transportExplanation
Active transport is the correct answer because it is the process by which molecules are moved across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Since the concentration of molecule X is greater inside the cell than outside, it suggests that the cell is actively transporting X against its concentration gradient to accumulate it inside the cell. Exocytosis involves the release of molecules from the cell, receptor proteins are involved in signal transduction, and second messengers are involved in intracellular signaling, but these processes do not explain the movement of X against its concentration gradient.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which substance crosses the cell by facilitated diffusion?
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Sugar
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Water
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Sodium ion
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Chloride ion
Correct Answer
A. SugarExplanation
Facilitated diffusion is the process by which substances move across the cell membrane with the help of transport proteins. Unlike simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion requires the presence of specific protein channels or carriers. Among the given options, sugar is the only substance that requires facilitated diffusion to cross the cell membrane. Water can freely move through aquaporin channels, while sodium and chloride ions can pass through ion channels without the need for facilitated diffusion.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The diagram below shows an animal cell. Use the diagram and your knowledge of science to answer questions 6-8Which structures in this cell are also found in prokaryotic cells?
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A and B
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C and D
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E and F
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A and E
Correct Answer
A. C and DExplanation
In the given diagram of an animal cell, structures C and D are also found in prokaryotic cells. This is because prokaryotic cells, like animal cells, contain a cell membrane (structure C) that surrounds and protects the cell. Additionally, prokaryotic cells have a nucleoid (structure D), which is a region where genetic material is located. Therefore, structures C and D are common to both animal and prokaryotic cells.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which features of plant cells are missing from this cell?
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Cell wall and chloroplast
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Golgi apparatus and mitochondria
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Rough ER and lysosomes
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Smooth ER and nucleus
Correct Answer
A. Cell wall and chloroplastExplanation
The features that are missing from this cell are the cell wall and chloroplast. The cell wall is a rigid structure that provides support and protection to plant cells, while chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, the process that converts sunlight into energy. Without these features, the cell would not have the necessary support and would be unable to produce energy through photosynthesis.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What is the function of the structure labeled A?
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Making ATP
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Making carbohydrates
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Moving proteins through the cell
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Making proteins
Correct Answer
A. Making ATPExplanation
The function of the structure labeled A is making ATP. ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is the main energy currency of cells. It is produced during cellular respiration, specifically in the process called oxidative phosphorylation, which takes place in the mitochondria. Structure A is most likely referring to the mitochondria, as it is the organelle responsible for ATP production through cellular respiration.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which organelle serves as the packaging and distribution center of a eukaryotic cell?
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Nucleus
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Lysosome
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Mitochondrion
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Golgi Apparatus
Correct Answer
A. Golgi ApparatusExplanation
The Golgi Apparatus serves as the packaging and distribution center of a eukaryotic cell. It receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum, modifies them, and packages them into vesicles for transport to their final destinations within the cell or for secretion outside the cell. The Golgi Apparatus plays a crucial role in sorting, modifying, and packaging molecules, ensuring that they are correctly targeted and delivered to their intended locations.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A bacterium that has lost its flagella would be unable to
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Divide
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Move
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Maintain its shape
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Make proteins
Correct Answer
A. MoveExplanation
A bacterium that has lost its flagella would be unable to move. Flagella are whip-like structures that bacteria use for locomotion. Without flagella, the bacterium would not be able to propel itself and therefore would be unable to move. The other options, such as dividing, maintaining its shape, and making proteins, are not directly related to the presence or absence of flagella.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The English Scientist Robert Hooke used a crude microscope to examine
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Individual atoms
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Electrons
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Single-celled organisms
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Cork cells
Correct Answer
A. Cork cellsExplanation
Robert Hooke used a crude microscope to examine cork cells. Cork cells are the correct answer because Hooke is famously known for his discovery of cells in cork, which he observed under a microscope. This discovery led to the development of the cell theory, which states that all living organisms are composed of cells.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Use the information below and your knowledge of science to answer questions 12-14The molecule shown in the diagram is
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Cellulose
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DNA
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RNA
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ATP
Correct Answer
A. DNAExplanation
The molecule shown in the diagram is DNA. DNA is a double-stranded molecule that contains the genetic information of an organism. It is made up of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The diagram likely represents the double helix structure of DNA, with the sugar-phosphate backbone and the nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) forming the rungs of the ladder. Cellulose is a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, RNA is a single-stranded molecule involved in protein synthesis, and ATP is a molecule that provides energy for cellular processes.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What is the main function of this molecule?
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Promoting chemical reactions
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Making up cell membranes
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Storing energy
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Storing hereditary information
Correct Answer
A. Storing hereditary informationExplanation
The molecule mentioned in the question is most likely referring to DNA, which is responsible for storing hereditary information. DNA carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all known organisms. It contains the genes that determine an individual's traits and characteristics, and is passed down from one generation to the next. DNA is composed of nucleotides, which form the famous double helix structure, and its sequence of nucleotides is what encodes the hereditary information.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What do the dashed lines in the drawing represent?
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Nuclear bonds
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Covalent bonds
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Hydrogen bonds
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Ionic bonds
Correct Answer
A. Hydrogen bondsExplanation
The dashed lines in the drawing represent hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are a type of intermolecular force that occurs when a hydrogen atom is attracted to an electronegative atom, such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine. These bonds are weaker than covalent or ionic bonds but still play a significant role in determining the structure and properties of many molecules, such as DNA and proteins. Hydrogen bonds are important for maintaining the shape and stability of molecules and are crucial for many biological processes.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Carboxypeptidase is an enzyme that catalyzes reactions in the small intestines. The products of these reactions are amino acids. What are the substrates of carboxypeptidase?
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Proteins
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Carbohydrates
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Lipids
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Nucleic acids
Correct Answer
A. ProteinsExplanation
Carboxypeptidase is an enzyme that specifically acts on proteins. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds at the C-terminal end of protein molecules, resulting in the release of individual amino acids. Therefore, the substrates of carboxypeptidase are proteins.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Molecule X contains a sugar and a phosphate group. What is the molecule X?
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A carbohydrate
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A nucleotide
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A fatty acid
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An amino acid
Correct Answer
A. A nucleotideExplanation
Molecule X is a nucleotide because it contains a sugar and a phosphate group. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. They consist of a sugar molecule (ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The presence of both a sugar and a phosphate group in Molecule X suggests that it is a nucleotide.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Sodium chloride is an example of a
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Compound
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Molecule
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Isotope
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Ion
Correct Answer
A. CompoundExplanation
Sodium chloride is an example of a compound because it is formed by the chemical combination of sodium and chlorine atoms. In a compound, two or more different elements are chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio. Sodium chloride is composed of sodium cations (Na+) and chloride anions (Cl-), which are attracted to each other by ionic bonds. This combination results in the formation of a new substance with unique properties different from its constituent elements.Rate this question:
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- 18.
This chart shows a breakdown of the types of municipal solid waste, by weight, generated in the United States. Use the chart ans your knowledge of science to answer questions 18-20.According to the chart, which makes up the greatest proportion of waste?
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Paper and cardboard
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Metals containing iron
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Yard waste, glass, and plastics
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Other waste
Correct Answer
A. Paper and cardboardExplanation
According to the chart, the category that makes up the greatest proportion of waste is "paper and cardboard". This can be inferred by analyzing the chart and observing that the bar representing paper and cardboard is the tallest, indicating that it has the highest weight compared to the other categories.Rate this question:
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- 19.
If each type of solid waster were recycled, which type would have the biggest impact on conserving trees?
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Aluminum
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Glass
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Plastics
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Paper and cardboard
Correct Answer
A. Paper and cardboardExplanation
Paper and cardboard would have the biggest impact on conserving trees if they were recycled. This is because paper and cardboard are made from trees, so by recycling them, we can reduce the need for cutting down more trees for paper production. Recycling paper and cardboard not only conserves trees but also saves energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of new paper products.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of these types of waste can easily be recycled at home?
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Glass
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Plastics
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Yard waste
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Metals containing iron
Correct Answer
A. Yard wasteExplanation
Yard waste can easily be recycled at home because it can be composted. Composting is a natural process in which yard waste, such as grass clippings, leaves, and branches, decompose and turn into nutrient-rich soil. This can be done in a backyard compost bin or pile, allowing homeowners to recycle their yard waste and use the resulting compost to enrich their gardens or lawns.Rate this question:
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Nov 24, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Nov 02, 2008Quiz Created by
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