UPCAT Simulated Exam Quiz

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1/70 Questions

What is the name of the instrument used to measure temperature?
- Thermometer
- Barometer
- Hygrometer
- Anemometer

About This Quiz

Are you ready to ace the UPCAT? Our UPCAT mock test is designed to simulate the real exam, helping you assess your strengths and pinpoint areas for improvement. With carefully curated questions covering key subjects, this quiz mirrors the actual test experience, giving you the confidence you need to succeed.

From math and science to language and abstract reasoning, our exam-style format includes a variety of UPCAT questions to challenge and prepare you. No matter if you're aiming for a high score or just starting your review, this test is the perfect way to gauge your readiness. Start now and see how well you’d perform on the actual UPCAT!

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2.

What is the name of the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy?
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration
- Transpiration
- Fermentation
Correct Answer

A. Photosynthesis

Explanation

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose (a sugar). This process occurs in specialized organelles called chloroplasts, which contain the green pigment chlorophyll. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil are used to synthesize glucose, and oxygen is released as a byproduct. This process is essential for life on Earth as it is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems and produces the oxygen we breathe.

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8
3.

When a scientist uses the process of reasoning, it means that he
- Makes a lucky guess
- Does not need to make observations
- Makes inferences on the basis of observations
- Does not need to make a hypothesis
Correct Answer

A. Makes inferences on the basis of observations

Explanation

When a scientist uses the process of reasoning, it means that he makes inferences on the basis of observations. This means that the scientist uses logical thinking and analysis to draw conclusions from the data and evidence gathered through observations. Reasoning allows scientists to make connections, identify patterns, and make educated guesses or predictions based on the information they have collected. It is an essential step in the scientific method and helps scientists to understand and explain the natural world.

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76
4.

Which of the following did Sir Isaac Newton discover?
- Laws of elliptical orbit
- Penicillin
- Law of gravitation
- Solar prominence
Correct Answer

A. Law of gravitation

Explanation

Sir Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravitation. This law states that every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Newton's discovery of this law revolutionized our understanding of the physical world and laid the foundation for modern physics.

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62
5.

What is the chemical symbol for gold?
- Ag
- Au
- Fe
- Hg
Correct Answer

A. Au

Explanation

The chemical symbol for gold is Au. This symbol originates from the Latin word "aurum," which means "gold." Chemical symbols are abbreviations used to represent chemical elements. They are typically one or two letters long, with the first letter always capitalized. Using chemical symbols provides a concise and standardized way to refer to elements in scientific contexts, such as writing chemical formulas and equations.

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9
6.

Which of the following is not a type of energy?
- Kinetic
- Potential
- Nuclear
- Biological
Correct Answer

A. Biological

Explanation

While biological processes involve energy transformations, "biological" itself is not a distinct type of energy. Energy is broadly classified into forms such as kinetic energy (energy of motion), potential energy (stored energy), and nuclear energy (energy stored in the nucleus of an atom). Biological processes utilize various forms of energy. For instance, they convert chemical energy stored in food into kinetic energy for movement or use light energy for photosynthesis. The term "biological" describes the context in which energy is used, not a fundamental energy type.

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10
7.

What is the name of the force that pulls objects towards the center of the Earth?
- Gravity
- Friction
- Magnetism
- Inertia
Correct Answer

A. Gravity

Explanation

Gravity is the force of attraction between any two objects with mass. The Earth, being a massive object, exerts a gravitational pull on all objects near its surface. This force is what we experience as weight. The strength of gravity depends on the mass of the objects and the distance between them. The Earth's gravity is responsible for keeping us grounded, holding the atmosphere in place, and influencing the tides. It also plays a crucial role in the motion of planets and other celestial bodies.

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6
8.

The Milky Way is a
- Nebula
- Star cluster
- Galaxy
- Constellation
Correct Answer

A. Galaxy

Explanation

The Milky Way is classified as a galaxy. A galaxy is a massive, gravitationally bound system that contains stars, stellar remnants, gas, dust, and dark matter. The Milky Way specifically is a barred spiral galaxy, which means it has a central bar-shaped structure made of stars and spiral arms that emanate from this bar. It's our home galaxy, containing our Solar System and billions of other stars, with their own planets. Galaxies like the Milky Way are fundamental components of the universe, helping astronomers understand the large-scale structure of the cosmos.

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34
9.

The layer of gas covering the earth is called:
- Atmosphere
- Hydrosphere
- Lithosphere
- Troposphere
Correct Answer

A. Atmosphere

Explanation

The atmosphere is the name for the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It is made up of several gases, including oxygen and nitrogen, which are essential for life on our planet. This layer protects us from the harmful rays of the sun and helps keep the Earth's temperature stable. Unlike the hydrosphere, which includes all water on Earth, and the lithosphere, which is the Earth's solid outer layer, the atmosphere is all about the gases that make up the air we breathe. The troposphere is just one part of the atmosphere where weather happens.

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69
10.

Which planet is known as the "Red Planet"?
- Venus
- Mars
- Jupiter
- Saturn
Correct Answer

A. Mars

Explanation

Mars is known as the "Red Planet" due to its distinctive reddish appearance. This coloration is caused by the presence of iron oxide, commonly known as rust, on its surface. The widespread iron oxide dust covers much of the Martian landscape, giving it a rusty red hue. This characteristic has been observed throughout history, leading to its association with the Roman god of war, Mars, who was often depicted in red.

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10
11.

Why is it warmer in regions near the equator?
- Regions near the equator have thicker atmosphere.
- Regions near the equator get vertical rays from the sun.
- Light is changed to heat faster near the equator.x
- There is more pollution in that area.
Correct Answer

A. Regions near the equator get vertical rays from the sun.

Explanation

Regions near the equator are warmer primarily because they receive sunlight more directly compared to other parts of the world. The sun's rays hit the equator at a near-vertical angle, meaning they are less spread out and more concentrated in energy. This direct exposure results in higher temperatures. The closer proximity to the sun in terms of angle, not distance, is the key factor. This geographical characteristic leads to warmer climates, dense rainforests, and diverse ecosystems around the equatorial belt.

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56
12.

The conversion of radiant energy in most plants are called
- Fermentation
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration
- Transpiration
Correct Answer

A. Photosynthesis

Explanation

Photosynthesis is the correct answer because it is the process by which plants convert radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for the growth and survival of plants, as it provides them with the energy they need to carry out their metabolic processes. Fermentation, respiration, and transpiration are not processes involved in the conversion of radiant energy in plants.

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33
13.

What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element?
- Atom
- Molecule
- Compound
- Ion
Correct Answer

A. Atom

Explanation

The atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter. They are composed of a central nucleus, which contains positively charged protons and neutral neutrons, surrounded by negatively charged electrons that orbit the nucleus. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus determines its atomic number and which element it is. While molecules, compounds, and ions involve atoms, they represent combinations or altered states of atoms, not the fundamental unit of an element.

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6
14.

What is the important animal hormone responsible for the control of glucose levels in the blood?
- Thyroxine
- Cortisol
- Prostaglandin
- Insulin
Correct Answer

A. Insulin

Explanation

Insulin is the important animal hormone responsible for the control of glucose levels in the blood. It is produced by the pancreas and helps regulate the amount of glucose in the bloodstream. Insulin allows cells to absorb glucose and use it for energy, thus lowering blood sugar levels. Without sufficient insulin, glucose levels can become too high, leading to conditions like diabetes. Thyroxine, cortisol, and prostaglandin are not directly involved in the control of glucose levels in the blood.

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48
15.

The largest object in the solar system is:
- A star
- A planet
- An asteroid
- A meteor
Correct Answer

A. A star

Explanation

The largest object in our solar system is the Sun, which is a star. It makes up about 99.86% of the solar system's total mass. The Sun is so massive that its gravity holds all the planets, asteroids, comets, and other objects in orbit around it. Stars like the Sun are huge balls of gases, primarily hydrogen and helium, undergoing nuclear fusion to produce light and heat. This energy is essential for life on Earth and influences the climate and conditions on all other planets in our solar system.

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52
16.

DNA is to genes as chromatin is to
- Mitosis
- Blood
- Allele
- Chromosome
Correct Answer

A. Chromosome

Explanation

DNA is the genetic material that carries the instructions for making proteins and other molecules in the cell. Genes are specific segments of DNA that contain the instructions for making a particular protein. Similarly, chromatin refers to the DNA and proteins that make up the chromosomes. Chromosomes are structures that contain the DNA and genes, and they play a crucial role in the organization and transmission of genetic information during cell division. Therefore, the analogy suggests that chromatin is the material that makes up chromosomes, just as DNA is the material that makes up genes.

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17.

Which of the following is not a type of rock?
- Igneous
- Sedimentary
- Metamorphic
- Volcanic
Correct Answer

A. Volcanic

Explanation

Volcanic is not a type of rock itself, but rather a term that describes processes and features associated with volcanoes. Rocks are classified based on their formation process. Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of molten material (magma or lava). Sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation and cementation of sediments, which are particles of rock, minerals, or organic matter. Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are transformed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. While volcanoes produce igneous rocks, the term "volcanic" refers to the volcanic activity or origin, not a specific rock type.

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4
18.

When scientists refer to the hydrosphere, they mean:
- Air above the earth
- Moisture of the air
- Mantle on the earth
- Water of the earth
Correct Answer

A. Water of the earth

Explanation

The hydrosphere refers to all the water on Earth, including oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and even water vapor in the atmosphere. It is an essential component of Earth's system and plays a crucial role in various processes such as weather, climate, and the water cycle. Therefore, when scientists refer to the hydrosphere, they are specifically referring to the water present on Earth.

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45
19.

The force of attraction between the earth and the moon is called
- Gravity
- Inertia
- Relativity
- Equivalence
Correct Answer

A. Gravity

Explanation

Gravity is the force of attraction between two objects with mass. In this case, it refers to the force of attraction between the Earth and the Moon. This force is responsible for keeping the Moon in orbit around the Earth and is also responsible for tides on Earth. Inertia refers to an object's resistance to change in motion, relativity is a theory of physics, and equivalence is a concept in mathematics. None of these options accurately describe the force of attraction between the Earth and the Moon.

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31
20.

Mutation is caused by all of the following except:
- Chemicals
- Viruses
- Surgery
- Radiation
Correct Answer

A. Surgery

Explanation

Mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. It can be caused by various factors such as chemicals, viruses, and radiation. However, surgery is not a known cause of mutation. Surgery involves physical manipulation of tissues or organs, but it does not directly affect the DNA sequence. Therefore, surgery is not a cause of mutation.

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48
21.

What type of reproduction involves gametes?
- Fission
- Sexual
- Fusion
- Asexual
Correct Answer

A. Sexual

Explanation

Sexual reproduction involves the production of gametes (sperm and egg cells) which fuse together during fertilization to form a new individual. This type of reproduction allows for genetic variation and diversity in offspring, as the genetic material from two parents is combined. In contrast, asexual reproduction does not involve the production of gametes and offspring are genetically identical to the parent. Fission is a type of asexual reproduction where an organism splits into two or more parts, while fusion refers to the merging of two or more gametes during sexual reproduction.

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22.

When a doctor gives you an antibiotic when you are sick, he/she always tells you to keep taking the antibiotic until it is all finished. The reason he/she tells you this is because:
- It is wasteful not to finish all the antibiotic.
- Viruses require high doses of antibiotics to kill them.
- Allowing the more antibiotic-tolerant bacteria to survive may encourage a population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to evolve.
- A long period of antibiotic use is required to prevent secondary virus infection.
Correct Answer

A. Allowing the more antibiotic-tolerant bacteria to survive may encourage a population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to evolve.

Explanation

When a doctor gives you an antibiotic, they always tell you to finish the entire course because allowing the more antibiotic-tolerant bacteria to survive may encourage a population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to evolve. This means that if you stop taking the antibiotic before completing the course, some bacteria may survive and develop resistance to the antibiotic. These antibiotic-resistant bacteria can then multiply and spread, making it harder to treat infections in the future. Therefore, it is important to finish the entire course of antibiotics to ensure that all bacteria are eliminated and reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance.

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37
23.

The transport system of the human body is the
- Digestive system
- Respiratory system
- Circulatory system
- Endocrine system
Correct Answer

A. Circulatory system

Explanation

The circulatory system is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other essential substances throughout the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients, while the respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The endocrine system is responsible for producing and regulating hormones. However, the circulatory system is specifically designed to transport these substances to all parts of the body, making it the correct answer.

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55
24.

Viruses are not considered free-living because
- Their cells lack cytoplasm
- Their cells contain DNA
- They are too small to be seen by light microscopy
- They cannot reproduce outside a living cell
Correct Answer

A. They cannot reproduce outside a living cell

Explanation

Viruses are not considered free-living because they cannot reproduce outside a living cell. Unlike other organisms, viruses lack the necessary cellular machinery to carry out essential metabolic processes and reproduce on their own. They rely on infecting a host cell, taking over its machinery, and using it to replicate their genetic material and produce new virus particles. Without a living cell to infect and replicate in, viruses are unable to survive or reproduce, making them dependent on a host organism for their survival.

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25.

It is the totality of an individual’s physical, intellectual, emotional and social characteristics
- Adaptation
- Personality
- Individuality
- Heredity
Correct Answer

A. Personality

Explanation

Personality encompasses the totality of an individual’s physical, intellectual, emotional, and social characteristics. It defines how a person thinks, feels, and behaves, and is influenced by both genetic factors (heredity) and environmental factors. Adaptation refers to how well an individual adjusts to changes, individuality is the unique set of characteristics that distinguish one person from another, and heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.

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50
26.

When a reaction requires heat, which of the following is correct?
- There is an endothermic reaction
- The energy of the reactants is greater than that of the products
- The energy of the reactants is less than that of the products
- Both A and C
Correct Answer

A. Both A and C

Explanation

When a reaction requires heat, it is termed an endothermic reaction. Endothermic reactions absorb heat from their surroundings to proceed. This means they require an input of energy. In terms of energy, the energy of the reactants is less than that of the products because the absorbed heat contributes additional energy to the products.There is an endothermic reaction: This is correct because the reaction absorbs heat.The energy of the reactants is greater than that of the products: This statement is incorrect.The energy of the reactants is less than that of the products: This is correct as the reaction absorbs heat, meaning energy is added to the reactants to form the products.Thus, both statements A (there is an endothermic reaction) and C (the energy of the reactants is less than that of the products) are correct regarding a reaction that requires heat.

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21
27.

The reaction 2H₂O(l) --> 2H₂O(g) + O₂(g) is forced to occur by use of an externally applied electric current. This procedure is called
- Neutralization
- Esterification
- Electrolysis
- Hydrolysis
Correct Answer

A. Electrolysis

Explanation

The reaction described, 2H2O(l) --> 2H2O(g) + O2(g), involves splitting water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas using an externally applied electric current. This process is known as electrolysis. Electrolysis is a method used to drive a chemical reaction that would not otherwise occur on its own by applying electrical energy. In the context of water, electrolysis breaks the bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water molecules, resulting in the formation of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. This technique is important in various industrial processes and for producing gases for fuel and other uses.

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23
28.

The totality of pattern of relationship between living organisms and their environment is the basic concern of
- Physiology
- Botany
- Biology
- Ecology
Correct Answer

A. Ecology

Explanation

Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment. It focuses on understanding the interactions, adaptations, and dependencies between different species and their surroundings. Physiology is the study of the functions and processes of living organisms, botany is the study of plants, and biology is the study of living organisms in general. However, ecology specifically looks at the overall patterns and dynamics of how organisms interact with each other and their environment, making it the correct answer in this context.

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39
29.

A distance of one mile is about:
- 1 kilometer
- 16 kilometers
- 160 kilometers
- 1.6 kilometers
Correct Answer

A. 1.6 kilometers

Explanation

One mile is approximately 1.6 kilometers. This conversion is useful for understanding distances when traveling between places that use different measurement systems. In countries that use the metric system, kilometers are the standard unit of distance, while miles are commonly used in the United States and a few other countries. Knowing that one mile is about 1.6 kilometers helps with quick conversions and better understanding of distances, whether you're running a race, driving, or planning a trip in different parts of the world.

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33
30.

The lowest principal quantum number that an electron can have is
- 0
- 1
- 2
- 3
Correct Answer

A. 1

Explanation

In quantum mechanics, the principal quantum number is a number that specifies the energy level of an electron in an atom. It is denoted by the letter n. The lowest value that n can have is 1, not 0. This number determines the overall size and energy of an orbital where an electron resides. The lowest principal quantum number, n = 1, corresponds to the electron being in the closest possible orbital to the nucleus, which is the ground state of the atom where the electron has the lowest energy. Higher values of n (such as 2, 3, etc.) correspond to electrons being in higher energy levels or shells, which are further away from the nucleus.

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29
31.

In gases, as pressure increases, volume _____________ and temperature ______________
- Increases, increases
- Decreases, decreases
- Decreases, increases
- Increases, decreases
Correct Answer

A. Decreases, increases

Explanation

As pressure increases in gases, the volume decreases due to the increased number of gas particles being compressed into a smaller space. This is known as Boyle's Law. Additionally, as pressure increases, the temperature of the gas also increases. This is because the increased pressure causes the gas particles to collide more frequently and with greater force, resulting in an increase in kinetic energy and therefore temperature. This relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature is described by the combined gas law.

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51
32.

Which of the following is most responsible for erosion?
- Radioactivity
- The outer core
- Rivers
- Asteroids
Correct Answer

A. Rivers

Explanation

Rivers are the most responsible for erosion among the options listed. Erosion is the process where natural forces wear away rocks and soil. Rivers, with their flowing water, play a huge role in this process. They carry rocks, soil, and sediments from one place to another, reshaping landscapes over time. This movement can create valleys, canyons, and deltas, which are fertile land areas at the mouths of rivers. While radioactivity, the outer core, and asteroids also affect the Earth in various ways, rivers are key agents of erosion on the planet's surface.

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35
33.

Brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes. Which cross would produce a blue-eyed child?
- BB x bb
- Bb x Bb
- BB X BB
- BB x Bb
Correct Answer

A. Bb x Bb

Explanation

In genetics, eye color can be simplified as a trait controlled by dominant and recessive alleles. Brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue eyes (b). For a child to have blue eyes, they must inherit two recessive alleles (bb).BB x bb: All children will have one B allele from the BB parent and one b allele from the bb parent, resulting in brown eyes (Bb).Bb x Bb: This cross can produce children with any combination of B and b alleles. Specifically, there's a 25% chance for a child to receive a b allele from each parent, resulting in blue eyes (bb).BB x BB: All children will inherit B alleles from both parents, resulting in brown eyes (BB).BB x Bb: All children will inherit at least one B allele, leading to brown eyes (BB or Bb).Therefore, the only cross that could potentially produce a blue-eyed child is Bb x Bb, as there is a possibility for the child to inherit the recessive b allele from both parents.

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32
34.

What is the name of the layer of the Earth's atmosphere that contains the ozone layer?
- Stratosphere
- Troposphere
- Mesosphere
- Thermosphere
Correct Answer

A. Stratosphere

Explanation

The stratosphere is the second major layer of the Earth's atmosphere, located above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. It is characterized by a temperature increase with altitude, due to the absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun by the ozone layer. The ozone layer, located within the stratosphere, plays a crucial role in protecting life on Earth by absorbing most of the harmful UV radiation from the Sun. This absorption of UV radiation is what causes the temperature increase in the stratosphere. The stratosphere is also a stable layer with little vertical mixing, making it suitable for long-distance air travel.

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9
35.

An instrument that is used to map the ocean floor is called?
- A hydrograph
- A SONAR
- A hydroscope
- Hydrometer
Correct Answer

A. A SONAR

Explanation

A SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) is the instrument used to map the ocean floor. It works by emitting sound waves underwater and measuring how long it takes for the echoes to return after bouncing off the seabed or other underwater features. This data helps create detailed maps of the ocean floor, revealing its various landscapes—like mountains, valleys, and trenches. SONAR technology is crucial for navigation, underwater exploration, and scientific research, helping to understand marine environments better. The other instruments listed serve different purposes related to water but are not specifically used for mapping the ocean floor.

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48
36.

The symmetrical structure of the CH₄molecule is due to the fact that the four single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms are directed toward the corners of a:
- Triangle
- Tetrahedron
- Square
- Rectangle
Correct Answer

A. Tetrahedron

Explanation

The symmetrical structure of the CH4 molecule is due to the fact that the four single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms are directed toward the corners of a tetrahedron. This means that the molecule has a three-dimensional shape with four identical triangular faces, where each hydrogen atom occupies one corner of the tetrahedron and is equidistant from the carbon atom. This arrangement ensures that the molecule is symmetrical and balanced.

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35
37.

What do you call the type of cell division exhibited by sex cells wherein the chromosome number of the four daughter cell is reduces to half the somatic number?
- Mitosis
- Meiosis
- Fission
- Budding
Correct Answer

A. Meiosis

Explanation

Meiosis is the correct answer because it is the type of cell division exhibited by sex cells, also known as gametes. In meiosis, the chromosome number of the four daughter cells is reduced to half the somatic number, allowing for genetic variation and the production of haploid cells. Mitosis, on the other hand, is the type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell. Fission and budding are different forms of asexual reproduction and not related to the reduction of chromosome number.

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33
38.

Chemical action may involve all of the following except:
- Combining of atoms of elements to form a molecule
- Breaking down of compounds into elements
- Separation of the components of a mixture
- Reacting a compound and an element
Correct Answer

A. Separation of the components of a mixture

Explanation

Chemical action involves various processes such as combining atoms to form a molecule, breaking down compounds into elements, and reacting compounds with elements. However, the separation of components in a mixture is a physical process, not a chemical one. In this process, the different components of a mixture are separated based on their physical properties, such as size, density, or solubility, without any chemical reactions taking place. Therefore, the separation of components of a mixture is not considered a chemical action.

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35
39.

Which of the following is most responsible for earthquakes?
- The magnetic field
- An imbalance in the crust
- The speed of light
- The atmosphere
Correct Answer

A. An imbalance in the crust

Explanation

Earthquakes are primarily caused by an imbalance in the Earth's crust. This imbalance occurs when there's a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere, which creates seismic waves. These seismic events often happen due to the movement of tectonic plates, which make up the Earth's crust. These plates can collide, pull apart, or slide against each other, leading to stress. When the stress exceeds the strength of rocks, it results in an earthquake. This process doesn't relate to the Earth's magnetic field, the speed of light, or the atmosphere, which affect other aspects of our planet.

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59
40.

A scale of temperature that uses absolute zero, the lowest possible temperature for its zero points is called
- Fahrenheit scale
- Kelvin scale
- Celsius scale
- Cepheid scale
Correct Answer

A. Kelvin scale

Explanation

The Kelvin scale is a temperature scale that uses absolute zero as its zero point. Absolute zero, defined as 0 Kelvin, represents the lowest possible temperature, where the motion of atoms theoretically stops. The Kelvin scale is crucial in the fields of science and engineering because it provides a precise measure of thermal energy. Temperatures on this scale are written as "Kelvin" or "K" (not degrees Kelvin). This scale is particularly useful in scientific experiments where temperature differences and absolute temperatures need to be accurately measured and compared.

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46
41.

The speed of light has been calculated to be 186,000.
- Feet per second
- Kilometers per second
- Miles per second
- Meters per second
Correct Answer

A. Miles per second

Explanation

The speed of light is incredibly fast, measured at about 186,000 miles per second. This speed is a fundamental constant in physics, known as "c," and it means that light can travel from the Earth to the Moon in just over a second! Light's speed is the same in a vacuum and doesn't change, making it a crucial part of many scientific theories and calculations, such as Einstein's theory of relativity. This speed isn't just for light but also applies to all electromagnetic radiation, including radio waves, microwaves, and X-rays.

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43
42.

A baking powder carries the statement “Ingredients: cornstarch, sodium bicarbonate, calcium and acid phosphate, and sodium aluminum sulfate.” Therefore, the baking powder is
- A compound
- A molecule
- A mixture
- A mixture of elements
Correct Answer

A. A mixture

Explanation

The baking powder contains multiple ingredients, including cornstarch, sodium bicarbonate, calcium and acid phosphate, and sodium aluminum sulfate. These ingredients are combined together to form the baking powder. Since it is made up of different substances that are physically mixed together, it can be classified as a mixture.

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30
43.

It is the change in form or structure in an organ or organism during growth
- Mitosis
- Meiosis
- Mutation
- Metamorphosis
Correct Answer

A. Metamorphosis

Explanation

Metamorphosis refers to the change in form or structure of an organ or organism during growth. It involves a complete transformation, often accompanied by distinct stages, such as the caterpillar turning into a butterfly. Mitosis and meiosis are processes of cell division, while mutation refers to a change in DNA sequence. The given answer, metamorphosis, is the most appropriate choice as it specifically relates to the described change in form or structure during growth.

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34
44.

The electron-dot symbol consists of the symbol representing the element and an arrangement of dots that usually shows
- The atomic number
- The number of neutrons
- The electrons in the outermost energy level
- The atomic mass
Correct Answer

A. The electrons in the outermost energy level

Explanation

The electron-dot symbol, also known as Lewis symbol, is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom. These are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom, and they are responsible for chemical bonding and determining the reactivity of the element. The arrangement of dots in the electron-dot symbol represents these valence electrons, providing a visual representation of the element's electron configuration. Therefore, the correct answer is "the electrons in the outermost energy level."

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39
45.

An organism has the genotype AaBbCCDd. How many possible combinations of alleles do the gametes of this organism produce?
- 2
- 4
- 6
- 8
Correct Answer

A. 8

Explanation

The organism has four different gene loci, each with two possible alleles. The number of possible combinations of alleles in the gametes can be calculated by multiplying the number of possible alleles at each locus. Therefore, 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 possible combinations of alleles can be produced by the gametes of this organism.

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49
46.

They are bacteria that feed on dead materials.
- Harmful bacteria
- Scavengers
- Germs
- Saprophytes
Correct Answer

A. Saprophytes

Explanation

The term for bacteria that feed on dead materials is "saprophytes." Saprophytic bacteria are decomposers that play a vital role in breaking down organic matter, such as dead plants and animals, into simpler substances, thereby recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem. They are not typically considered harmful bacteria or germs. "Scavengers" is a more general term that can refer to various organisms, including animals, that feed on dead or decaying matter.

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40
47.

What yellowish-orange compound belonging to the vitamin B complex is used to treat pernicious anemia? It is synthesized in the intestinal bacteria and occurs in green plants, fresh fruit, liver, and yeast. Its formula is C₁₉H₁₉N₇O₆.
- Riboflavin
- Cobalamin
- Inositol
- Folic acid
Correct Answer

A. Folic acid

Explanation

The yellowish-orange compound belonging to the vitamin B complex that is used to treat pernicious anemia and has the formula C19H19N7O6 is folic acid. Folic acid, also known as folate when found in foods, is crucial for the production and maintenance of new cells, especially during periods of rapid growth such as pregnancy and infancy. It is synthesized by intestinal bacteria and is also found naturally in green plants, fresh fruit, liver, and yeast. Folic acid plays a key role in preventing birth defects and is essential for overall health.

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33
48.

An atom of beryllium consists of 4 protons, 5 neutrons, and 4 electrons. The mass number of this atom is
- 13
- 8
- 9
- 5
Correct Answer

A. 9

Explanation

The mass number of an atom is calculated by adding together the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. For beryllium, with 4 protons and 5 neutrons, the mass number is calculated as follows:4 protons + 5 neutrons = 9Therefore, the mass number of this beryllium atom is 9. The mass number helps in identifying different isotopes of an element, which can have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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35
49.

A 1,000-kilogram car traveling with a velocity of +20. meters per second decelerates uniformly at -5.0 meters per second² until it comes to rest. What is the total distance the car travels as it decelerates to rest?
- 10 m
- 20 m
- 40 m
- 80 m
Correct Answer

A. 40 m

Explanation

To find the total distance the car travels as it decelerates to rest, we use the kinematic equation that relates initial velocity, acceleration, and distance traveled: v_f^2 = v_i^2 + 2a * d

Where:

v_f is the final velocity (0 m/s, since the car comes to rest),

v_i is the initial velocity (20 m/s),

a is the acceleration (-5.0 m/s^2, because it is deceleration),

d is the distance.

Setting up the equation with these values:

0 = 20^2 + 2 * (-5) * d

0 = 400 - 10d

Solving for d:

10d = 400

d = 40 meters.

Therefore, the car travels a total distance of 40 meters as it decelerates to rest.

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36

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