Semester (Science, English, Maths) Year 9-10 2019

The correct answer is "INVENTION". This answer is supported by the clue in the question that mentions "Similar moments are claimed for Descartes' [Blank] (INVENT) of co-ordinates and Crick and Watson's discovery of DNA." This indicates that the word being sought is related to the act of inventing or creating something new. Therefore, "INVENTION" is the most suitable answer.

The solution to a problem often appears suddenly and unexpectedly to a thinker, as if it came out of nowhere. This sudden realization is commonly referred to as inspiration. It is a moment of clarity and insight that allows the thinker to see the solution clearly and confidently. Inspiration can come from various sources such as personal experiences, observations, or even subconscious thinking. It is a powerful force that drives creativity and problem-solving.

The question states that the only way to progress is by synthesising what they already know with totally different information. The word "different" is mentioned in the question as well. Therefore, the correct answer is "different".

Distilled water is created through a process that involves boiling water and collecting the condensed steam. This process effectively removes impurities such as minerals, chemicals, and microorganisms, resulting in a purer form of water. Therefore, distilled water does not contain impurities, making the statement "True" correct.

The molar volume of any gas is 22.4 L/mol. This value is derived from the ideal gas law, which states that at standard temperature and pressure (STP), one mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 liters. This relationship allows for easy conversion between the number of moles of a gas and its volume, making it a useful concept in chemistry and physics.

A mole is the unit of measurement used to quantify the amount of a substance. It represents the number of atoms, molecules, or ions in a given sample. The mole is defined as the amount of a substance that contains as many elementary entities (atoms, molecules, or ions) as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. It is widely used in chemistry to calculate chemical reactions, determine molecular weights, and compare different substances. The other options, gram, kilogram, and litre, are units of mass and volume, but they do not measure the amount of a substance.

Marie Curie was a Polish chemist who made significant contributions to the field of radioactivity. She coined the term radioactivity and discovered the elements polonium and radium. Due to her groundbreaking work, the unit for measuring radioactivity was named after her, known as the Curie. Therefore, Marie Curie is the correct answer to this question.

The passage mentions that the processes of thought and logical deduction cannot be ignored and that eureka moments occur after a long period of consideration. Therefore, the correct answer is deduction, which refers to the process of reaching a logical conclusion by reasoning and considering all the available information.

Nikola Tesla is the correct answer because he was an inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, and physicist. He registered more than 300 patents and is best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system. Tesla is often regarded as one of history's most important inventors, with his discoveries being far ahead of his time and continuing to influence technology today.

Oxides are indeed substances consisting of two elements, one of which is oxygen. This term is commonly used in chemistry to describe compounds formed when oxygen combines with another element. Examples of oxides include carbon dioxide (CO2), iron oxide (Fe2O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Therefore, the statement "Substances consisting of two elements, one of which is oxygen are called Oxides" is true.

The parable is used to show that new ideas or solutions can appear suddenly and unexpectedly, as if they were a miraculous flash of insight. The word "miraculous" emphasizes the idea that these insights can feel extraordinary and almost magical in their suddenness and effectiveness.

If the video starts with a score of 0 and after several minutes it has a score of 90, it means that there have been 90 more likes than dislikes. Since 65% of the votes were likes, it means that 35% were dislikes. Therefore, the difference between likes and dislikes is 65% - 35% = 30%. If this 30% represents 90 votes, then 100% would represent 300 votes. Therefore, 300 votes had been cast on Hawkins' video at that point.

The average grade for the class was 80% before Hawking's test was graded. After grading his test, the average increased to 81%. This means that Hawking's score must be higher than the average of 80%. The only option that is higher than 80% is 95, so that must be Hawking's score on the test.

The correct answer is "excitement". The passage describes how the person suddenly realizes that a crown made of pure gold would displace a different amount of water compared to one made of an alloy. This realization fills them with excitement and they run into the street shouting "Eureka" or "I have found it".

Alfred Nobel is the correct answer because he was a Swedish chemist and inventor who invented dynamite. He held more than 350 patents and is widely regarded for establishing the Nobel Prizes, which are considered the most prestigious awards in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, medicine, and peace.

Archimedes was initially unsure about how to determine the true gold content of the king's crown. However, one day while he was getting into his bath, he observed that some of the water overflowed onto the floor. This observation led him to the realization that the volume of water displaced by an object is equal to the volume of the object itself. Applying this principle, Archimedes was able to solve the problem and determine the true gold content of the crown.

The given answer options "gravity, GRAVITY, gravitation" are all synonyms for the concept being described. The statement "It was discovered by Isaac Newton" suggests that the concept being referred to is gravity, as Isaac Newton is famously known for his work on the laws of gravity. Therefore, the correct answer is gravity, GRAVITY, gravitation.

James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with discovering the structure of DNA. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid, which is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms. The discovery of the DNA structure was a significant breakthrough in the field of molecular biology and laid the foundation for understanding genetics and heredity.

An element is a simple, pure substance that cannot be broken down further into a more simpler kind of substance. It consists of only one type of atom and cannot be separated into different components by physical or chemical means. Examples of elements include hydrogen, oxygen, and gold.

Dmitri Mendeleev is the correct answer because he fits the description given in the question. He was highly regarded by his contemporaries for his expertise in various fields such as chemistry, physics, hydrodynamics, meteorology, geology, and chemical technology. Mendeleev is famous for creating the first periodic table of elements, which allowed for the prediction of the discovery of many more elements. The other scientists mentioned in the options may have made significant contributions in their respective fields, but they do not match the description provided in the question.

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Mendeleev completed his degree with the help of teachers and students. This suggests that he received assistance and support from both his instructors and peers throughout his academic journey. Their guidance and collaboration likely played a significant role in his successful completion of his degree.

Mendeleev arranged elements by their weight, as Dalton had proposed. However, he went a step further and grouped them by their properties. This means that elements with similar properties were placed together, allowing for a better understanding of their behavior and relationships. By organizing the elements in this way, Mendeleev was able to create the periodic table, which is still used today to classify and study elements based on their properties.

The correct answer is "because there were gaps in his table." This is because the existence of gaps in the periodic table indicated that there were elements yet to be discovered. Mendeleev predicted the existence and properties of these unknown elements based on the patterns and trends he observed in the known elements. His predictions were later confirmed when the predicted elements were discovered, providing support for his ideas and the accuracy of the periodic table.

Louis Pasteur is the correct answer because he is a French chemist and microbiologist who made significant contributions to the field of medicine. He discovered vaccinations, pasteurization, and proved that germs cause diseases. His discoveries revolutionized the understanding of microbes and diseases, leading to the development of effective treatments and saving countless lives. Pasteur's work laid the foundation for modern medicine and his contributions continue to be celebrated and utilized in the field of microbiology.

Isotopes are atoms of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. This means that isotopes have the same atomic number (which is determined by the number of protons) but different atomic masses (which is determined by the number of protons plus neutrons). This variation in the number of neutrons gives isotopes different physical properties and stability, but they still belong to the same element because they have the same number of protons and therefore the same chemical properties.

Nitrogen is not a good conductor of electricity. It is an insulator, meaning it does not allow the flow of electric current easily. While it is true that nitrogen can become a conductor if it is liquified, the statement "Nitrogen is a good conductor of electricity" is incorrect.

A chlorine atom has 7 valence electrons in its outermost energy level. To attain an octet (8 electrons in the outermost energy level), it needs to gain one electron. This will give the chlorine atom a full outer electron shell, making it more stable.

The mass number of an atom is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. In this case, the atom has 9 protons and 10 neutrons, so the mass number would be 9 + 10 = 19.

The answer "7 electrons in its valence layer and 3 energy levels" is correct because elements in Period 3 have a total of 3 energy levels and Group 7 elements have 7 electrons in their valence layer. This information is based on the periodic table, where the period number indicates the number of energy levels and the group number indicates the number of valence electrons.

The elements helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn) are the least reactive because they have full valence electron shells. This means that they have stable electron configurations and do not readily gain or lose electrons to form compounds. As a result, they have very low reactivity and are often referred to as noble gases.

Silver is the best conductor of electricity among the given options. This is because silver has the highest electrical conductivity of any metal. It has a high number of free electrons that can easily move through its atomic structure, allowing for the efficient flow of electric current. Copper is also a good conductor, but silver surpasses it in terms of conductivity. Iron and gold have lower conductivity compared to silver and copper.

Atoms with the same elements but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. Isotopes have the same number of protons and electrons, giving them the same chemical properties, but they differ in their atomic mass due to the varying number of neutrons. Isotopes can have different physical properties and may be stable or radioactive.

The correct answer is Only Bromine and Mercury. This is because at normal temperature, both Bromine and Mercury exist in liquid form. Florine and Chlorine are gases at normal temperature, while Iodine is a solid.

Chlorine is not obtained mainly by the electrolysis of salts. It is actually obtained through the process of electrolysis of brine (sodium chloride solution). This process is known as the chloralkali process.

The question states that all three boxes are identical and packed with pies. Therefore, each box contains the same amount of pie.

When Fleming used a diluted solution of penicillin, the bacteria of influenza did not grow. This suggests that penicillin was effective in inhibiting the growth of the influenza bacteria.

The reason why penicillin was not used for the public until 1941 is because the scientists needed to make sure that it was not toxic. The first penicillin produced was potentially poisonous and not suitable for human use. Therefore, extensive testing and research were conducted to ensure its safety before it could be made available to the public.

The speaker states that penicillin remains important as an antibiotic therapy. This suggests that penicillin is still considered effective and relevant in treating bacterial infections, despite the existence of newer antibiotic medicines.

Einstein is credited with developing the Theory of Relativity.

Stephen solved the first equation on a Monday and the second on a Wednesday. This means that there is a gap of 2 days between the first and second equations. Since each equation takes one more day to solve than the previous one, the third equation would take 3 days to solve. Therefore, the gap between the second and third equations would be 3 days. Continuing this pattern, we can see that the gap between the 14th and 15th equations would be 15 days. Adding this gap to the day Stephen solved the 14th equation (which is a Monday) would give us the day he finished his 15th equation, which is also a Monday.

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Soluble bases are called alkalis. Alkalis are a type of base that can dissolve in water to form a solution. They are characterized by their ability to release hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. Examples of alkalis include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). These substances are commonly used in cleaning products, soaps, and in various industrial processes. They have a bitter taste and a slippery feel.

Antoine Lavoisier is often called the father of chemistry because of his significant contributions to the field. He is known for his meticulous experiments and his role in establishing the law of conservation of mass. Lavoisier also played a crucial role in developing the modern system of chemical nomenclature and conducting experiments that led to the discovery of oxygen's role in combustion. His work laid the foundation for the development of modern chemistry as a scientific discipline.

The speed of the current is given as 2 mph. Since the team rowed downstream, the speed of the boat relative to the still water would be the sum of their rowing speed and the speed of the current, which is 2 mph. Let's assume the rowing speed in still water is x mph. Therefore, the speed downstream would be x + 2 mph. The distance traveled downstream is 42 miles. On the return trip upstream, the speed of the boat relative to the still water would be the difference between their rowing speed and the speed of the current, which is x - 2 mph. The distance traveled upstream is also 42 miles, but it took 8 hours longer. Using the formula time = distance/speed, we can set up the equation 42/(x + 2) = 42/(x - 2) + 8. Solving this equation, we find that x = 5 mph, which is the speed of the boat in still water.

Mendeleev resigned from the university because of his politics. This suggests that his political beliefs or activities were the reason for his resignation. It is likely that his political views clashed with the university's administration or policies, leading to his decision to leave.

The correct answer is "were ruined by the fire." This suggests that the mother's plans for the person's education were destroyed or disrupted due to a fire incident.

The atomic mass of Chlorine is approximately 35.5. This is calculated by multiplying the percent abundance of Chlorine-35 (76%) by its atomic mass (35), and adding it to the percent abundance of Chlorine-37 (24%) multiplied by its atomic mass (37). So, (0.76 x 35) + (0.24 x 37) equals 35.5 (approx.).

The correct answer is "Alexander did not follow his family occupation." This means that Alexander Fleming did not pursue the same occupation as his family members. The other options state that he was born in Scotland in 1891, he studied medicine at a hospital in Edinburgh, and he was an average student at school and didn't have any special abilities, but these options are not true according to the question.

James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) was a renowned scientist who made significant contributions to the fields of physics and electromagnetism. His work revolutionized our understanding of electricity and magnetism, and paved the way for many inventions that we use today. Maxwell's equations, which he developed between 1864 and 1873, explained the behavior of magnetic fields and electric fields mathematically. He also studied Saturn's rings and the kinetic theory of gases. Despite his scientific achievements, Maxwell was a deeply religious man and opposed Darwin's theory of evolution. His work continues to inspire future scientists, including Albert Einstein, who credited Maxwell's equations as the basis for his theory of relativity.