Medical Exam Questions And Answers

The patient dx with menorrhagia complains to the nurse of feeling listless and tired all the time. Which scientific rationale would explain why these symptoms are happening?

• Pain from menorrhea does not allow the patient to rest

• The symptoms are unrelated to menorrhea

• Pt has been exposed to a virus that causes fatigue

• The menorrhea has caused the patient to have decreased hemoglobin

SATA. You write a dx of altered tissue perfusion for your patient dx with anemia. Which interventions should you include

• Monitor hb and hct

• Move the patient closer to the nurse's station.

• Limit intake of green veggies

• Assess for numbness and tingling

• Allow for periods of rest during the day

A patient that has dx of iron deficiency anemia is prescribed ferrous gluconate orally. Which should the nurse educate on.

• Take ammonium for diarrhea

• Limit exercise until tolerance is achieved

• Stool may be very dark and can mask appearance of blood

• Eat only red meat.

The nurse and a UAP are taking care of patients. What task can the nurse delegate?

• Check on the bowel movements of a patient with melena

• Take vitals of a patient who received blood a day prior

• Eval dietary intake of a patient who is noncompliant with eating.

• Shave the patient with a dx of severe hemolytic anemia

A patient is being admitted with a dx of folic acid deficiency anemia. Which is the most appropriate referral?

• Alcoholic anonymous

• Leukemia Society of America

• A hematologist

• A social worker

The charge nurse is making assignments on a medical floor. Which patient should be assigned to the most experienced nurse?

• A patient dx with iron-deficiency anemia and is prescribed iron supplements.

• A patient dx with pernicious anemia and is receiving B12 shots IM.

• A patient dx with aplastic anemia who has developed pancytopenia.

• A patient dx with renal disease who has an erythropoietin deficiency.

A patient dx with anemia begins to c/o dyspnea when ambulating. Which intervention should you implement first?

• Apply oxygen using a nasal cannula.

• Get a wheelchair.

• Assess the patient's lung fields.

• Assist the patient when ambulating in the hall.

You are discharging a patient dx with anemia. What should you educate on?

• Take prescribed iron supplements until gone.

• Monitor pulse and BP at a local pharmacy weekly.

• Have a CBC checked at the HCP office.

• Perform isometric exercise three times a week

You write a client problem of activity intolerance for a patient dx with anemia. Which intervention should you implement?

• Pace activities according to tolerance.

• Provide supplements high in iron and vitamins

• Administer packed RBCs

• Monitor vitals q4hrs

Mild anemia has which as a symptom

• Asymptomatic

• Cardiopulmonary symptoms at rest

• Multi-system problems

• Extreme pallor

Moderate anemia has which as a symptom

• Asymptomatic

• Cardiopulmonary symptoms at rest

• Multi-system problems

Severe anemia has which symptoms

• Asymptomatic

• Cardiopulmonary symptoms at rest

• Multi-organ problems

Which type of anemia is this? Inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption

• Iron-deficiency anemia

• Acute blood loss 

• Chronic blood loss

• Vit B12 deficiency

Which is a symptom of iron-deficiency anemia?

• Pallor

• Glossitis

• Cheilitis

• Pica

• Internal pain

• Impaired thought processes

Which labs are most important in iron-deficiency anemia?

• Hb

• HCT

• Platelets

• Folate levels

• Serum B12

Can you use a stool guaiac test to diagnose iron-deficiency anemia?

• Yes

• No

Which -scopy can diagnose iron-deficiency anemia?

• Endoscopy

• Colonoscopy

• Bronchoscopy

• Cystoscopy

Which type of anemia is this? Result of sudden hemorrhage such as trauma or recent surgery

• Iron-deficiency anemia

• Acute blood loss

• Chronic blood loss

• Vitamin B12 deficiency

• Folic acid deficiency anemia

What are s/sx of acute blood loss?

• Increased HR

• Increased RR

• Internal pain

• Numbness

• Glossitis

• Cheilitis

You would do a CBC for acute blood loss. True or false?

• True

• False

Which is a treatment for acute blood loss?

• Surgery

• B12 replacement therapy

• Insertion of NG tube

Which type of anemia is this? Ulcer caused by bacteria or alcoholism. Slow bleed from injury. Menses

• Iron-deficiency anemia

• Acute blood loss

• Chronic blood loss

• Vit B12 deficiency

• Folic acid deficiency anemia

What type of anemia is missing intrinsic factor?

If you do not treat a Vit B12 deficiency, does it cause irreversible neurological damage?

• Yes

• No

What is needed to absorb B12?

Erythropoietin is a ________ produced by the kidneys

What plays a key role in the production of RBCs

The client diagnosed with RA is being seen in the outpatient clinic. Which preventive care should the nurse include in the regularly scheduled clinic visits?

• Perform joint x-rays to determine progression of the disease. 

• Send blood to the laboratory for an erythrocyte sedimentation rate. 

• Recommend the flu and pneumonia vaccines. 

• Assess the client for increasing joint involvement. 

The client with RA has nontender, movable nodules in the subcutaneous tissue over the elbows and shoulders. Which statement is the scientific rationale for the nodules?

• The nodules indicate a rapidly progressive destruction of the affected tissue. 

• The nodules are small amounts of synovial fluid that have become crystallized. 

• The nodules are lymph nodes which have proliferated to try to fight the disease. 

• The nodules present a favorable prognosis and mean the client is better. 

The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with RA. Which assessment findings warrant immediate intervention?

• The client complains of joint stiffness and the knees feel warm to the touch. 

• The client has experienced one (1)-kg weight loss and is very tired. 

• The client requires a heating pad applied to the hips and back to sleep. 

• The client is crying, has a flat facial affect, and refuses to speak to the nurse.

The client diagnosed with RA who has been prescribed etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor, shows marked improvement. Which instruction regarding the use of this medication should the nurse teach?

• Explain the medication loses its efficacy after a few months.

•  Continue to have checkups and laboratory work while taking the medication.

• Have yearly magnetic resonance imaging to follow the progress. 

• Discuss the drug is taken for three (3) weeks and then stopped for a week. 

The client diagnosed with RA has developed swan-neck fingers. Which referral is most appropriate for the client?

• Physical therapy

• Occupational therapy

• Psychiatric counselor

• Home health nurse

The nurse is planning the care for a client diagnosed with RA. Which intervention should be implemented?

• Plan a strenuous exercise program.

• Order a mechanical soft diet.

• Maintain a keep-open IV.

• Obtain an order for a sedative. 

The 20-year-old female client diagnosed with advanced unremitting RA is being admitted to receive a regimen of immunosuppressive medications. Which question should the nurse ask during the admission process regarding the medications?

• “Are you sexually active, and, if so, are you using birth control?”

• “Have you discussed taking these drugs with your parents?”

• “Which arm do you prefer to have an IV in for four (4) days?” 

• “Have you signed an informed consent for investigational drugs?”

Which client problem is priority for a client diagnosed with RA?

• Activity intolerance

• Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

• Alteration in comfort

• Excessive nutritional intake

The nurse is caring for clients on a medical floor. Which client should the nurse assess first?

• The client diagnosed with RA complaining of pain at a “3” on a 1-to-10 scale. 

• The client diagnosed with SLE who has a rash across the bridge of the nose. 

• The client diagnosed with advanced RA who is receiving antineoplastic drugs IV. 

• The client diagnosed with scleroderma who has hard, waxlike skin near the eyes. 

The nurse and a licensed practical nurse are caring for clients in a rheumatologist’s office. Which task can the nurse assign to the licensed practical nurse?

• Administer methotrexate, an antineoplastic medication, IV. 

• Assess the lung sounds of a client with RA who is coughing.

• Demonstrate how to use clothing equipped with Velcro fasteners. 

• Discuss methods of birth control compatible with treatment medications. 

The client with early-stage RA is being discharged from the outpatient clinic. Which discharge instruction should the nurse teach regarding the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

• Take with an over-the-counter medication for the stomach. 

• Drink a full glass of water with each pill. 

• If a dose is missed, double the medication at the next dosing time. 

• Avoid taking the NSAID on an empty stomach. 

The nurse is preparing to administer morning medications. Which medication should the nurse administer first?

• The pain medication to a client diagnosed with RA.

• The diuretic medication to a client diagnosed with SLE. 

• The steroid to a client diagnosed with polymyositis.

• The appetite stimulant to a client diagnosed with OA.

The school nurse is preparing to teach a health class to ninth graders regarding sexually transmitted diseases. Which information regarding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) should be included?

• Females taking birth control pills are protected from becoming infected with HIV. 

• Protected sex is no longer an issue because there is a vaccine for the HIV virus. 

• Adolescents with a normal immune system are not at risk for developing AIDS.

• Abstinence is the only guarantee of not becoming infected with sexually transmitted HIV.

The nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with protein-calorie malnutrition secondary to AIDS. Which intervention should be the nurse’s first intervention?

• Assess the client’s body weight and ask what the client has been able to eat.

• Place in contact isolation and don a mask and gown before entering the room.

• Check the HCP’s orders and determine what laboratory tests will be done. 

• Teach the client about total parenteral nutrition and monitor the subclavian IV site.

The client diagnosed with AIDS is complaining of a sore mouth and tongue. When the nurse assesses the buccal mucosa, the nurse notes white, patchy lesions covering the hard and soft palates and the right inner cheek. Which interventions should the nurse implement?

• Teach the client to brush the teeth and patchy area with a soft-bristle toothbrush.

• Notify the HCP for an order for an antifungal swish-and-swallow medication. 

• Have the client gargle with an antiseptic based mouthwash several times a day. 

• Determine what types of food the client has been eating for the last 24 hours.

Which type of isolation technique is designed to decrease the risk of transmission of recognized and unrecognized sources of infections?

• Contact Precautions. 

• Airborne Precautions 

• Droplet Precautions. 

• Standard Precautions.

The nurse is describing the HIV virus infection to a client who has been told he is HIV positive. Which information regarding the virus is important to teach?

• The HIV virus is a retrovirus, which means it never dies as long as it has a host to live in. 

• The HIV virus can be eradicated from the host body with the correct medical regimen.

• It is difficult for the HIV virus to replicate in humans because it is a monkey virus.

• The HIV virus uses the client’s own red blood cells to reproduce the virus in the body. 

The client who has engaged in needle-sharing activities has developed a flu-like infection. An HIV antibody test is negative. Which statement best describes the scientific rationale for this finding?

• The client is fortunate not to have contracted HIV from an infected needle.

• The client must be repeatedly exposed to HIV before becoming infected. 

• The client may be in the primary infection phase of an HIV infection. 

• The antibody test is negative because the client has a different flu virus.

The nurse caring for a client who is HIV positive is stuck with the stylet used to start an IV. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?

• Flush the skin with water and try to get the area to bleed. 

• Notify the charge nurse and complete an incident report.

• Report to the employee health nurse for prophylactic medication.

• Follow up with the infection control nurse to have laboratory work done. 

The client on a medical floor is diagnosed with HIV encephalopathy. Which client problem is priority?

• Altered nutrition, less than body requirements. 

• Anticipatory grieving. 

• Knowledge deficit, procedures and prognosis. 

• Risk for injury. 

The client diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is being admitted to the intensive care unit. Which HCP’s order should the nurse implement first?

• Draw a serum for CD4 and complete blood count STAT. 

• Administer oxygen to the client via nasal cannula.

• Administer trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, a sulfa antibiotic, IVPB. 

• Obtain a sputum specimen for culture and sensitivity.