NSTP CWTS Midterm Exam Quiz

Explanation
A competent individual is someone who understands your questions and the implications of decisions made about medical care. They have the ability to comprehend information related to their medical condition, treatment options, and potential risks or benefits. This understanding allows them to actively participate in decision-making regarding their healthcare.

Explanation
Expressed consent refers to the permission that must be obtained from every responsive, competent adult patient before providing emergency care. It can be given either orally or through an affirmative gesture. This means that the patient explicitly agrees to receive the care and treatment. Implied consent, on the other hand, is when a patient's consent is assumed based on their actions or circumstances. Parental/minor consent refers to the permission given by a parent or guardian on behalf of a minor.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Prone" because when someone is in the prone position, they are lying face down. This position is often used in medical settings for procedures or examinations that require access to the back of the body. It can also be used to improve breathing and lung function in certain situations. The other options, right lateral recumbent, Fowler's position, and supine position, do not involve lying face down.

Explanation
The given correct answer is "Check Bleeding". In the primary survey of a victim, the first priority is to check for any immediate life-threatening conditions that require immediate intervention. This includes checking the airway, breathing, and circulation. However, checking for signs of life, such as a pulse or responsiveness, is not the first priority. Checking for bleeding is important because severe bleeding can lead to significant blood loss and potentially life-threatening situations. Therefore, it is crucial to assess and control any bleeding as soon as possible.

Explanation
During a Secondary Survey, the first responder would interview the victim. This involves gathering information about the victim's medical history, current condition, and any symptoms or complaints they may have. By conducting an interview, the first responder can obtain valuable information that can help determine the appropriate course of action and provide necessary medical assistance.

Explanation
Children aged 1 to 8 years have a normal heart rate range of 80 to 100 beats per minute. This range is considered normal for this age group as their hearts are smaller and their cardiovascular systems are still developing. It is important for parents and caregivers to monitor their children's heart rate to ensure it falls within this normal range, as any significant deviations may indicate a potential health issue.

Explanation
Shock (hypoperfusion) is the correct answer because it is a condition that occurs when there is inadequate delivery of oxygenated blood to body tissues. This can be caused by various factors such as severe bleeding, heart failure, or severe infection. In shock, the body's vital organs do not receive enough oxygen and nutrients, leading to organ dysfunction and potentially life-threatening complications. Hypotension refers to low blood pressure, hyperthermia refers to elevated body temperature, and fever is a symptom of an underlying condition rather than a condition itself.

Explanation
Exposure to excessive heat from thermal, chemical, electrical, or radiation sources can cause burns. Burns occur when the skin or other tissues are damaged due to high temperatures or contact with chemicals or electricity. This can result in pain, redness, blistering, and in severe cases, damage to deeper layers of the skin, muscles, or bones. Burns can be classified into different degrees based on the severity of the injury. Treatment for burns may involve cooling the affected area, applying ointments or dressings, and in severe cases, surgery or skin grafting.

Explanation
The correct answer suggests that the pre-hospital treatment for closed wounds includes applying the "RICE" method (Rest, Ice, Compress, and Elevate) to manage pain and swelling. It also emphasizes the importance of monitoring the patient for any rapid change in vital signs that might indicate internal bleeding, which should be treated by a physician. Additionally, the answer mentions treating for shock and transporting the patient as soon as possible. Calming and reassuring the patient is also important in providing psychological support.

Explanation
The correct answer includes all the necessary steps that a responder needs to do during the on-scene size up. Body Substance Isolation is important to protect oneself and others from potential infection. Checking if the scene is safe ensures the responder's safety before providing care. Determining the mechanism of injury or nature of illness helps in assessing the severity of the situation and providing appropriate care. Knowing the number of patients involved helps in determining the resources needed. Identifying oneself is important for effective communication and coordination with other responders.