1.
The first clock in the United States was made by an African American mathematician.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
His name was Benjamin Banneker.
2.
Charles Drew was an African American surgeon who performed the first successful heart operation.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The surgeon was Daniel H. Williams. Charles Drew pioneered research on blood plasma. Both were African Americans.
3.
Just over one hundred years ago, during the decade of the 1890s, the U.S. government took over Puerto Rico and the Philippines through war, legalized racial segregation in the United States, overthrew the government of Hawaii, consolidated the subjugation of Native American nations, and opened its gates to European immigrants.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The revolutionary movements of Puerto Rico and the Philippines were betrayed by the United States when it forced both countries to become its protectorates and replaced Spanish rule with U.S. Colonial rule. This was the period of "Manifest Destiny" and the beginning of U.S. imperialism. The last decade of the nineteenth century could be considered the most aggressively racist and imperialist of U.S. History. Effects of that decade are still very real: the United States still occupies Puerto Rico. Puerto Ricans and Filipinos live and work on the U.S. mainland but experience highly disproportionate poverty rates: segregation was not legally undermined in the United States until 1954, and its effects are still felt; American Indian nations and Hawaiian people are still attempting to reclaim land, treaty rights, and legal recognition; and the economic status of European Americans is considerably higher than that of other groups partly because of their legalized access to jobs over several decades.
4.
The forced migration of the Sioux people from their homeland in Georgia to Oklahoma, during which 1/4 of them died of starvation, disease, and exposure is known as the "Trail of Tears."
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
It was the Cherokee who were moved, not the Sioux. This action was actually taken against a U.S. Supreme Court Ruling.
5.
During WWII, the United States placed many innocent citizens in concentrations camps and confiscated their property.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The victims of this action were Japanese American citizens; Italian Americans also experienced confiscation of property.
6.
There was no federal ruling protecting U.S. citizens' rights to marry a person of another race until 1970.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Many states protected this right, but some did not, and the federal government did not until 1970.
7.
Mong people began to immigrate to the United States after their Southeast Asian country was destroyed in their defeat by the United States.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Mong people had migrated to Laos before the Vietnam war; they had no country of their own. They sided with the United States during the war and lost many people then. Because they were allied with the United States, thousands were driven out of Laos to refugee camps in Thailand, and they subsequently immigrated to the United States.
8.
During the Renaissance, the status of women (especially creative and independent women) in Europe rose fairly significantly.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Paradoxically, although creativity flourished among European men during this time, women's status fell as women in large numbers were persecuted and burned as witches. Creative and independent women were especially vulnerable; women's power was suppressed and maligned to such an extent that today "witches" are laughed at and ridiculed, and the persecution of women is barely remembered.
9.
Mexican women have never been involved in political or labor struggles because traditionally their place has been in the home.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Mexican and Mexican American women traditionally have occupied an important place in the home but also have been involved in political and labor struggles. (A good source of inormation on this subject is Adelaida R. Del Castillo [Ed.], Between Borders: Essays on Mexicana/Chicana History [Encino, CA: Floricanto Press, 1990].)
10.
During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Timbuktu, in the African kingdom of Songhay, was one of the world's greatest cities, renowned as an intellectual and cultural center.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Songhay was one of a number of highly advanced empires in Africa, a fact rarely developed in textbooks. Some books still perpetuate the myth of Africa as the "dark continent," despite increasing archaeological evidence that it may have been the seat of civilization where the human species originated.
11.
The song "Yellow Rose of Texas" was written to refer to:
Correct Answer
B. A poor African American women
Explanation
This is an example of how some European Americans have appropriated a song created by another racial group and passed it off as their own. This has happened over and over again, particularly with music created by African Americans.
12.
LULAC is a:
Correct Answer
D. Latino American political organization
Explanation
The acronym stands for League of United Latin American Citizens.
13.
The National Women's Party first introduced the Equal Rights Amendment in Congress in:
Correct Answer
A. 1923
Explanation
It has been introduced every year since then.
14.
America was discovered by:
Correct Answer
E. None of the above
Explanation
While there is evidence ranging from well established to speculative that all of the people mentioned (and more) arrived in the Americas on the dates indicated, the best answer is probably (E), inasmuch as millions of Native Americans were present long before any of these others arrived. In fact, the speak of the "discovery of America" is an insult to Native Americans, as it seems to imply that the Americas had no significance until someone who was not Native American arrived and "discovered" them.
15.
"I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races; I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of making voters or jurors of Negroes, nor qualifying them to hold office...I will say in addition to this that there is a physical difference between white and black races which I believe will ever forbid the two races living together on terms of social and political equality." This statement was made by which of the following?
Correct Answer
C. Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth president of the United States
Explanation
It is interesting that despite this attitude toward African Americans, Lincoln later became known as the "Great Emancipator." His position on slavery was probably dictated more by politics than by moral concerns.
16.
Akwesanse Notes is currently the national newspaper of:
Correct Answer
A. The Mohawk Nation
Explanation
As semisovereign nations, several Native American nations have their newspapers. Some, such as the Menominee, produce their own license plates. Many maps of the United States still do not recognize American Indian reservations, which perpetuates the invisibility of these governmental units among the non-American Indian population.
17.
The eleven persons who were murdered in a mass lynching in New Orleans in 1891 were members of which of the following ethnic groups?
Correct Answer
C. Italians
Explanation
There were also many other incidents of violence against Italians in the late 1800s.
18.
A man and his son were involved in a car accident in which the father was killed instantly and the son seriously injured. The son was rushed to the hospital and taken immediately into surgery. The surgeon entered the operating room, looked at the patient, and exclaimed, "Oh my god! I can't operate. That's my son!" The explanation for this situation is that:
Correct Answer
D. None of the above
Explanation
A more plausible answer is, of course, that the surgeon was the boy's mother.
19.
If you are a sansei, you are:
Correct Answer
C. A third-generation Japanese American
Explanation
A first-generation Japanese American is called issei, and a second generation Japenese American is called nisei. These are Japanese terms that Japanese Americans use to describe themselves in the United States.