Semester 2 Practice Test

The correct answer is Monroe. The phrase "Era of Good Feelings" was used to describe the presidency of James Monroe. This term refers to a period of time in American history, from 1817 to 1825, when there was a sense of national unity and political harmony in the country. Monroe's presidency was marked by economic growth, territorial expansion, and a decline in partisan politics, which contributed to this era of unity and positivity.

In 1830, the nation's first load of train passengers was pulled by a tiny locomotive called Tom Thumb.

The correct answer is Ireland. Between 1815 and 1860, the largest wave of immigrants to the United States came from Ireland.

After gaining independence from Mexico, Texans voted in favor of annexation, which means they wanted to become part of the United States. The term "annexation" refers to the process of incorporating one territory into another, in this case, Texas joining the United States as a state. The capitalization of "Annexation" and "anexation" is incorrect, as proper nouns should be capitalized.

Popular sovereignty, also known as popular soveriegnty, was the idea that the citizens of each new territory should be allowed to decide for themselves if they wanted to permit slavery or not. This concept was influential during the time of the expansion of the United States, particularly in relation to the issue of slavery. It allowed the people living in the territories to have a say in determining the status of slavery within their region, rather than having it imposed upon them by the federal government. This idea played a significant role in the debates and conflicts leading up to the American Civil War.

The anger over the Kansas-Nebraska Act led to the formation of a new political party, which became known as the Republican Party. This party was formed by various groups and individuals who were opposed to the expansion of slavery into the territories. The Republican Party emerged as a major political force in the mid-1850s and eventually played a significant role in the election of Abraham Lincoln as President in 1860.

The dissolution of the Union began with the secession of the state of South Carolina. South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union in December 1860, following the election of President Abraham Lincoln. This act of secession marked the beginning of the American Civil War, as other Southern states soon followed suit and formed the Confederate States of America. South Carolina's secession was driven by concerns over states' rights and the institution of slavery, which ultimately led to the division and conflict between the North and the South.

The correct answer is "jefferson davis, Jefferson Davis, Jefferson davis, jefferson davis." Jefferson Davis was chosen as the president of the Confederacy during the American Civil War.

The correct answer is "greenbacks" because the Legal Tender Act allowed the government to issue paper money that was green in color. This term became widely used to refer to the new currency.

The correct answer is "copperheads" or "Copperheads". During the Civil War, the term "Copperheads" was used by Republicans to refer to Peace Democrats who opposed the war. Republicans viewed their opposition as treasonous, as they believed that any opposition to the war was undermining the Union's efforts to preserve the nation. The term "Copperheads" was derived from the venomous snake, symbolizing the perceived danger and treachery of these Democrats.

Graft refers to the act of gaining money illegally through politics. It involves corrupt practices such as bribery, embezzlement, and misuse of public funds for personal gain. This term is commonly used to describe the dishonest and unethical behavior of politicians who use their positions of power to enrich themselves.

Tenant farmers who became sharecroppers would pay a portion of their crops as rent and to cover other expenses. This arrangement allowed landowners to maintain control over their land while also providing a means of livelihood for the sharecroppers. The term "sharecroppers" refers to individuals who engage in this type of agricultural arrangement. The variations in capitalization ("sharecroppers," "share croppers," "Share croppers") do not affect the meaning of the term.

The correct answer is "Klu Klux Klan" or "klu klux klan". The Klu Klux Klan was a secret society that was started in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1866 by former Confederate soldiers. It quickly gained popularity and spread throughout the South.

The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. It was ratified on December 6, 1865, after the American Civil War, and it played a significant role in ending the institution of slavery in the country.

In 1807, after a British warship fired on an American warship, President Jefferson asked Congress to pass the Embargo Act. This act halted all trade with Europe as a way to protect American ships and sailors from attacks. Jefferson believed that by cutting off trade, it would pressure Britain and France to respect American neutrality. However, the Embargo Act ended up hurting the American economy more than it affected European powers, leading to widespread discontent and eventually its repeal in 1809.

The statement is true because during the time of Irish immigration to America, many Irish people were fleeing poverty and famine in Ireland. They often arrived in America with little to no money and lacked marketable skills, making it difficult for them to find employment and establish themselves in their new country. This led to many Irish immigrants facing significant economic challenges upon arrival.

The slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" used by the Whigs in the election of 1840 referred to a presidential candidate battle victory and his vice presidential running mate, John Tyler. The phrase "Tippecanoe" was a reference to William Henry Harrison's nickname, which he earned from his victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe during the War of 1812. The addition of "and Tyler too" emphasized the strong partnership between Harrison and his running mate, John Tyler. This slogan was used to highlight Harrison's military success and promote him as a strong leader alongside Tyler.

The steamboat was an improvement over barges because it could travel upstream. Unlike barges which relied on the current to move downstream, steamboats had engines that allowed them to travel against the current. This made them more versatile and efficient in transporting goods and people, as they were not limited to downstream routes. They could navigate rivers in both directions, opening up new possibilities for trade and transportation.

Under the National Colonization Act, Mexico granted large tracts of land in Texas to 26 empresarios. In return for these grants, the empresarios were required to populate the land with a certain number of settlers. This was part of Mexico's plan to encourage the colonization and development of Texas by increasing its population. By filling the land with settlers, Mexico hoped to assert control over the territory and establish a Mexican presence in the region.

The correct answer is task and gang. In the task system, enslaved African Americans were assigned specific tasks or jobs to complete, and once they finished their tasks, they had some free time for themselves. In the gang system, enslaved African Americans were organized into large work groups or gangs and were expected to work together on large-scale projects, such as planting or harvesting crops. This system involved strict supervision and longer working hours, with less free time for the enslaved individuals.

Conscience Whigs were a faction within the Northern Whig Party who held strong moral objections to the institution of slavery. They believed that slavery was morally wrong and should be abolished. This stance led them to oppose the expansion of slavery into new territories and to support anti-slavery candidates like Zachary Taylor. Therefore, the correct answer is "opposed slavery."

During the beginning of the Civil War, President Lincoln's main objective was to maintain the unity of the United States. He prioritized preserving the Union above all else, including the issue of slavery. This meant that he was willing to tolerate the continuation of slavery if it meant keeping the country intact. This approach was evident in his initial attempts to appease the Southern states and avoid secession. However, as the war progressed, Lincoln's views on slavery evolved, leading to the Emancipation Proclamation and eventually the abolition of slavery with the passage of the 13th Amendment.

The correct answer is "as a slave state and Maine as a free state." The Missouri Compromise was a legislative agreement reached in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress. It aimed to maintain the balance of power between slave and free states. Under this compromise, Missouri was admitted as a slave state, while Maine was admitted as a free state. This compromise also established a line, known as the 36°30' parallel, which prohibited slavery in the rest of the western territories above this line.

The correct answer is that the Irish immigrants began leaving their homeland in 1845 because they were fleeing famine in Ireland. This is supported by historical evidence that shows the Great Famine, also known as the Potato Famine, occurred in Ireland during that time. The failure of the potato crop due to a disease called late blight led to widespread hunger and poverty, forcing many Irish people to emigrate in search of food and better opportunities elsewhere.

After the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed, Northerners headed for Kansas because they wanted to create an antislavery majority there. The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed the residents of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether to allow slavery or not, which led to a rush of settlers from both the North and the South to try and influence the decision. Many Northerners, who opposed slavery, saw Kansas as a battleground to prevent the spread of slavery into new territories. They hoped that by moving to Kansas in large numbers, they could outnumber the pro-slavery settlers and create an antislavery majority in the region.

The correct answer is ceded Florida to the U.S. The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 was a diplomatic agreement between the United States and Spain. Under this treaty, Spain agreed to cede Florida to the United States, effectively transferring control of the territory to the U.S. This was a significant development in the expansion of the United States as it solidified American control over the southeastern region of the country.

In the peace treaty that ended the war between Mexico and the United States, Mexico accepted the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas. This means that Mexico acknowledged the Rio Grande River as the boundary line separating Texas from Mexico.

The Panic of 1837 is the correct answer because it accurately describes the chaos and economic crisis that occurred during this time period. This financial crisis led to widespread bank failures and a severe economic downturn, resulting in many farmers losing their land. The Panic of 1837 was caused by a combination of factors, including speculative investments, the collapse of the cotton market, and the failure of major banks. It had a significant impact on the United States economy and is considered one of the most severe financial crises in the nation's history.

The correct answer is French demands for bribes from the United States. The XYZ Affair was a diplomatic incident between the United States and France in the late 18th century. The French demanded bribes from American diplomats in order to negotiate a treaty. This event strained the relationship between the two countries and led to an undeclared naval war known as the Quasi-War.

The Democratic-Republicans believed that protective tariffs were not helpful to farmers. Protective tariffs are taxes imposed on imported goods to make them more expensive and protect domestic industries. The Democratic-Republicans, who were advocates for agrarian interests and states' rights, believed that protective tariffs would harm farmers by making imported goods more expensive and reducing their access to international markets. They favored a more laissez-faire approach to trade, where the government would not intervene with tariffs and regulations that could negatively impact farmers.

In the 1820s, supporters of Andrew Jackson, who was a prominent figure in American politics, wanted to distance themselves from the party of John Quincy Adams. They came together and adopted the name "Democratic-Republicans" to distinguish themselves. This name change was significant as it signaled a shift in their political ideology and goals. Over time, the party evolved and eventually became known simply as the Democrats.

During the American Civil War, President Lincoln suspended the writs of habeas corpus. This meant that individuals could be imprisoned without being charged or given a trial. This measure was taken to maintain order and prevent potential threats to the Union during the war. As a result, anyone suspected of disloyalty or engaging in activities that were deemed harmful to the war effort could be detained indefinitely without the opportunity to defend themselves in court. This suspension of habeas corpus allowed the government to exercise greater control and authority over its citizens during a time of crisis.

During the American Civil War, Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America, believed in a strategy of attrition. This strategy involved avoiding large battles and instead focusing on wearing down the Union forces by forcing them to exhaust their resources. By avoiding direct confrontations, Davis hoped to prolong the war and make it increasingly costly for the North to continue the fight. This approach aimed to exploit the South's defensive advantages and make the North more willing to negotiate a peaceful resolution.

The correct answer is Andersonville. Andersonville was a Confederate prison camp during the American Civil War where thousands of Union soldiers died due to overcrowding, malnutrition, and disease. It was known for its harsh conditions and lack of proper facilities. The high death toll at Andersonville made it one of the most notorious prison camps of the war.

Bonds are paper notes that promise to repay money after a certain length of time with interest. They are a form of debt investment where the issuer borrows money from the bondholder and agrees to repay the principal amount along with periodic interest payments. Unlike stocks, which represent ownership in a company, bonds are a form of lending where investors earn fixed income. Tariffs are taxes on imported goods, and bank notes are a form of currency issued by a central bank. Therefore, the correct answer is bonds.

Francis Scott Key wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner" after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry during the War of 1812. He was inspired by the American flag still flying over the fort after a night of intense shelling by the British navy. This event symbolized the resilience and determination of the American people, and Key's poem eventually became the national anthem of the United States.

Abolitionists believed that enslaved African Americans should be freed immediately, without compensation to former slaveholders. They argued that slavery was a moral evil and that it was unjust to continue to hold people in bondage. They believed that the enslaved individuals deserved their freedom and that the slaveholders should not be financially rewarded for their ownership of human beings. By advocating for immediate emancipation without compensation, abolitionists sought to bring an end to slavery as quickly as possible and ensure the rights and dignity of the enslaved individuals.

In 1789, the new federal government needed to raise money to operate. They decided to impose a tariff, which is a tax on imported goods. This would help generate revenue for the government by collecting taxes on goods coming into the country. This was a common practice at the time and allowed the government to fund its operations and expenses.

Nullification refers to the idea that states have the power to declare a federal law unconstitutional and therefore not enforce it within their borders. This concept is based on the belief that states are sovereign entities and have the authority to interpret and reject laws that they deem unconstitutional. Nullification was a controversial issue during the early years of the United States and was often associated with the states' rights movement.

Manifest Destiny was the belief that Americans were destined to settle and expand into the western lands. This idea was rooted in the belief that God had given the continent to white men and it was their duty or destiny to claim and develop the land. The concept of Manifest Destiny played a significant role in the westward expansion of the United States during the 19th century.

Empresarios in Texas had various responsibilities, including recruiting settlers to live on the land and subdividing the land they were given to allocate it to families. They also governed the colonies they established, overseeing their administration and ensuring their proper functioning. However, serving as generals in the Texas army was not one of their job duties. This role was typically held by military officers who were responsible for leading and commanding the troops in battle.

The correct answer is "prohibited slavery in any territory gained from Mexico." This answer is supported by the statement in the question that the Wilmot Proviso, although it never passed, would have enacted a prohibition on slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico. This means that if the Wilmot Proviso had been passed, slavery would have been banned in these territories.

The correct answer is "decreed freedom for all enslaved people in the states at war with the Union." The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War in 1862. It declared that all enslaved people in Confederate states that were at war with the Union would be considered free. However, it did not immediately free all enslaved people in the United States, as it did not apply to the loyal border states or areas under Union control. The proclamation was a significant step towards the abolition of slavery and paved the way for the eventual passage of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which officially abolished slavery in the United States.

Carpetbaggers were Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War with the intention of taking advantage of the region's economic and political instability. They sought to profit from the situation by acquiring land, businesses, and political power. This term is often used pejoratively to suggest that these individuals were opportunistic and exploitative.

The correct answer is "considered free soil unconstitutional". The Dred Scott case was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court in 1857. In this case, the Court ruled that African Americans, whether enslaved or free, were not considered citizens and therefore had no rights. Additionally, the Court declared that the Missouri Compromise, which had prohibited slavery in certain territories, was unconstitutional. This decision effectively allowed for the expansion of slavery into new territories, as it stated that Congress had no power to regulate slavery in the territories.

Supporters believed that national nominating conventions would give more political power to the people because these conventions allowed for a more democratic process of selecting candidates. By involving a larger number of party members and delegates, the conventions ensured that the choice of candidates was not solely in the hands of political bosses or smaller states. This allowed for a broader representation of the will of the people and gave them a greater say in the nomination process.

Pinckney's Treaty, also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo, was signed between the United States and Spain in 1795. This treaty granted the United States the right to navigate the Mississippi River, which was crucial for American trade and commerce. Prior to this treaty, Spain had restricted American access to the river, causing economic hardships for the United States. Therefore, the correct answer is "the right to navigate Mississippi River."

The correct answer is Erie Canal. The Erie Canal was a transportation project that connected Albany to Buffalo and was completed in 1825. It was a man-made waterway that allowed for the transportation of goods and people between the eastern seaboard and the Midwest. The canal played a significant role in the economic development of New York State and the United States as a whole, as it provided a faster and more efficient way to transport goods compared to traditional methods such as wagons and horses.

By rejecting the Lecompton constitution, Kansas voters indicated their opposition to allowing slavery in their state. The Lecompton constitution was a pro-slavery document that was proposed for Kansas to enter the Union as a slave state. The rejection of this constitution was a significant step towards Kansas becoming a free state, as it demonstrated the majority's desire to prohibit slavery within their borders.

The Trent Affair was a diplomatic incident that occurred during the American Civil War. The Union navy intercepted a British mail steamer, the Trent, and removed two Confederate diplomats who were traveling to Europe to seek support for the Confederacy. This action angered the British government, who saw it as a violation of international law. The incident brought the Union close to war with Britain, as tensions escalated and there were fears of a military conflict between the two nations.