Pathophysiology GI Review

54 Questions | By Bikisoucy | Updated: Mar 22, 2022 | Attempts: 1571

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1.

Chewing of food
- A.
  
  Amylase
- B.
  
  Mastication
- C.
  
  Mesentery
- D.
  
  Interstitial cells of Cajal
- E.
  
  Peritoneum
- F.
  
  Submucosal plexus
- G.
  
  Haustrations
- H.
  
  Chyme
- I.
  
  Myenteric plexus
- J.
  
  Secretin
2.

Breaks down starch
- A.
  
  Amylase
- B.
  
  Mastication
- C.
  
  Mesentery
- D.
  
  Interstitial cells of Cajal
- E.
  
  Peritoneum
- F.
  
  Submucosal plexus
- G.
  
  Haustrations
- H.
  
  Chyme
- I.
  
  Myenteric plexus
- J.
  
  Secretin
3.

Blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that supply the intestinal wall
- A.
  
  Amylase
- B.
  
  Mastication
- C.
  
  Mesentery
- D.
  
  Interstitial cells of Cajal
- E.
  
  Peritoneum
- F.
  
  Submucosal plexus
- G.
  
  Haustrations
- H.
  
  Chyme
- I.
  
  Myenteric plexus
- J.
  
  Secretin
4.

Generate slow waves of electrical activity
- A.
  
  Amylase
- B.
  
  Mastication
- C.
  
  Mesentery
- D.
  
  Interstitial cells of Cajal
- E.
  
  Peritoneum
- F.
  
  Submucosal plexus
- G.
  
  Haustrations
- H.
  
  Chyme
- I.
  
  Myenteric plexus
- J.
  
  Secretin
5.

Largest serous membrane in the body
- A.
  
  Amylase
- B.
  
  Mastication
- C.
  
  Mesentery
- D.
  
  Interstitial cells of Cajal
- E.
  
  Peritoneum
- F.
  
  Submucosal plexus
- G.
  
  Haustrations
- H.
  
  Chyme
- I.
  
  Myenteric plexus
- J.
  
  Secretin
6.

Controls function of each segment of intestinal tract
- A.
  
  Amylase
- B.
  
  Mastication
- C.
  
  Mesentery
- D.
  
  Interstitial cells of Cajal
- E.
  
  Peritoneum
- F.
  
  Submucosal plexus
- G.
  
  Haustrations
- H.
  
  Chyme
- I.
  
  Myenteric plexus
- J.
  
  Secretin
7.

Segmental mixing movements of the large intestine
- A.
  
  Amylase
- B.
  
  Mastication
- C.
  
  Mesentery
- D.
  
  Interstitial cells of Cajal
- E.
  
  Peritoneum
- F.
  
  Submucosal plexus
- G.
  
  Haustrations
- H.
  
  Chyme
- I.
  
  Myenteric plexus
- J.
  
  Secretin
8.

Result of chemical breakdown of proteins in stomach
- A.
  
  Amylase
- B.
  
  Mastication
- C.
  
  Mesentery
- D.
  
  Interstitial cells of Cajal
- E.
  
  Peritoneum
- F.
  
  Submucosal plexus
- G.
  
  Haustrations
- H.
  
  Chyme
- I.
  
  Myenteric plexus
- J.
  
  Secretin
9.

Responsible for motility along the length of the gut
- A.
  
  Amylase
- B.
  
  Mastication
- C.
  
  Mesentery
- D.
  
  Interstitial cells of Cajal
- E.
  
  Peritoneum
- F.
  
  Submucosal plexus
- G.
  
  Haustrations
- H.
  
  Chyme
- I.
  
  Myenteric plexus
- J.
  
  Secretin
10.

Inhibits gastric acid secretion
- A.
  
  Amylase
- B.
  
  Mastication
- C.
  
  Mesentery
- D.
  
  Interstitial cells of Cajal
- E.
  
  Peritoneum
- F.
  
  Submucosal plexus
- G.
  
  Haustrations
- H.
  
  Chyme
- I.
  
  Myenteric plexus
- J.
  
  Secretin
11.

The circular layer of smooth muscle that lies between the stomach and the small intestine is called what?
- A.
  
  Pyloric sphincter
- B.
  
  Cardiac sphincter
- C.
  
  Antrum
- D.
  
  Cardiac orifice
12.

Where in the gastrointestinal tract is food digested and absorbed?
- A.
  
  Colon and ileum
- B.
  
  Jejunum and ileum
- C.
  
  Stomach and jejunum
- D.
  
  Jejunum and colon
13.

Some smooth muscle cells in the gastrointestinal tract serve as pacemakers. They display rhythmic spontaneous oscillations in membrane potentials. What are these called?
- A.
  
  Peristalsis
- B.
  
  Intestinal spasms
- C.
  
  Slow waves
- D.
  
  Rapid contractility
14.

Defecation is controlled by both an internal and an external sphincter. What nerve controls the external sphincter?
- A.
  
  Vagus nerve
- B.
  
  Femoral nerve
- C.
  
  Phrenic nerve
- D.
  
  Pudendal nerve
15.

The stomach secretes two important hormones in the gastrointestinal tract. One is gastrin. What is the second hormone secreted by the stomach?
- A.
  
  Ghrelin
- B.
  
  Secretin
- C.
  
  Incretin
- D.
  
  Cholecystokinin
16.

Saliva has more that one function. What are the functions of saliva? Mark all that apply.
- A.
  
  Protection
- B.
  
  Lubrication
- C.
  
  Antibacterial
- D.
  
  Initiate digestion of starches
- E.
  
  Initiate digestion of protein
17.

The colon is home to between 300 and 500 different species of bacteria. What is their main metabolic function?
- A.
  
  Digestion of insoluble fiber
- B.
  
  Fermentation of undigestible dietary residue
- C.
  
  Compaction of metabolic waste prior to leaving the body
- D.
  
  Absorption of calcium
18.

Absorption is a major function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. How is absorption accomplished in the GI tract?
- A.
  
  Osmosis and diffusion
- B.
  
  Active transport and osmosis
- C.
  
  Active transport and diffusion
- D.
  
  Diffusion and inactive transport
19.

Nausea and vomiting can be side effects of many drugs as well as physiologic disturbances within the body. What is a common cause of nausea?
- A.
  
  Distention of the stomach
- B.
  
  Distention of the cecum
- C.
  
  Distention of the jejunum
- D.
  
  Distention of the duodenum
20.

Several neurotransmitters have been identified with nausea and vomiting. In this capacity, they act as neuromediators. What neuromediator is believed to be involved in the nausea and vomiting that accompanies chemotherapy?
- A.
  
  Serotonin
- B.
  
  Dopamine
- C.
  
  Acetylcholine receptors
- D.
  
  Opioid receptors
21.

The major physiologic function of the gastrointestinal system is to digest food and absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
22.

The upper esophageal sphincter, the ____________, consists of a circular layer of striated muscle.
- A.
  
  Pharyngoesophageal sphincter
- B.
  
  Gastroesophageal sphincter
- C.
  
  Stomach
- D.
  
  Jejunum
23.

The lower esophageal sphincter, the ____________, lies just above the area where the esophagus joins the stomach.
- A.
  
  Pharyngoesophageal sphincter
- B.
  
  Gastroesophageal sphincter
- C.
  
  Stomach
- D.
  
  Jejunum
24.

The _______ lies in the left side of the abdomen and serves as a food storage reservoir during the early stages of digestion.
- A.
  
  Pharyngoesophageal sphincter
- B.
  
  Gastroesophageal sphincter
- C.
  
  Stomach
- D.
  
  Jejunum
25.

The small intestine, which forms the middle portion of the digestive tract, consists of three subdivisions: the __________, __________, and ___________.
- A.
  
  Stomach
- B.
  
  Duodenum
- C.
  
  Jejunum
- D.
  
  Ileum
- E.
  
  Ilium
- F.
  
  Colon