Rt Study Guide Pathophysiology
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
The disordered physiological processes associated with disease or injury.
- A.
Pathophysiology
- B.
Traumatic brain injury
- C.
Post traumatic stress disorder
- D.
Human anatomy
Correct Answer
A. PathophysiologyExplanation
Pathophysiology refers to the study of the disordered physiological processes that occur in the body as a result of disease or injury. It involves understanding the mechanisms and changes that take place at the cellular and molecular level, leading to the development and progression of various conditions. In this context, pathophysiology is the most appropriate term to describe the disordered physiological processes associated with disease or injury, as traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder are both conditions that involve abnormal physiological changes in the body. Human anatomy, on the other hand, focuses on the structure and organization of the body rather than the physiological processes.Rate this question:
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- 2.
When the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the metabolic demands of the body
- A.
Coronary artery disease
- B.
Cardiac failure
- C.
Respiratory failure
- D.
Ejection fraction
Correct Answer
B. Cardiac failureExplanation
Cardiac failure refers to a condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently to meet the body's metabolic demands. This can occur due to various reasons, such as coronary artery disease, which restricts blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to damage. When the heart is unable to pump enough blood, it can result in symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. Cardiac failure can be categorized into two types: systolic and diastolic, depending on whether the heart's pumping or filling ability is affected. Treatment options for cardiac failure include medications, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, surgical interventions like heart transplantation.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Coronary arteries provide blood to the heart, if someone is diagnosed with Coronary Artery Disease it most likely means
- A.
Blood flow to the heart is being prevented
- B.
Laminar blood flow will occur
- C.
Transitional blood flow will occur
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
A. Blood flow to the heart is being preventedExplanation
If someone is diagnosed with Coronary Artery Disease, it most likely means that blood flow to the heart is being prevented. This is because Coronary Artery Disease is a condition where the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of plaque. As a result, the blood flow to the heart is restricted, leading to various symptoms such as chest pain or discomfort.Rate this question:
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- 4.
High blood pressure is known as
- A.
HBN
- B.
HTN
- C.
HBP
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. HTNExplanation
The correct answer is HTN, which stands for high blood pressure. HTN is the commonly used abbreviation for high blood pressure in medical terminology. It is a condition in which the force of blood against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high, leading to potential health problems.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A disease or problem with the heart/circulation, not knowing how it occurred.
- A.
Hypertension
- B.
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
- C.
Acute ischemia
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathyExplanation
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the heart chambers and weakened heart muscle, leading to decreased pumping ability. The term "idiopathic" indicates that the cause of the condition is unknown. This means that there is no specific disease or problem with the heart/circulation that can be identified as the underlying cause. Therefore, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is the most appropriate answer as it aligns with the given explanation.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What are causes of cardiac failure/etiology
- A.
Coronary
- B.
Hypertension, ischemia
- C.
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopahty
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "all of the above." This means that all three factors mentioned - coronary hypertension, ischemia, and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy - can contribute to the development of cardiac failure. Coronary hypertension refers to high blood pressure in the coronary arteries, which can lead to reduced blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle. Ischemia refers to a lack of blood flow and oxygen to the heart, often caused by narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition where the heart muscle becomes weak and enlarged without a known cause. All of these factors can impair the heart's ability to pump blood effectively, leading to cardiac failure.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What are causes of cardiac failure/etiology
- A.
Valvular disease
- B.
Arrythmias
- C.
Mycardial infarction
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "all of the above" because valvular disease, arrhythmias, and myocardial infarction are all known causes of cardiac failure. Valvular disease refers to any condition that affects the heart valves, leading to improper blood flow. Arrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythms that can disrupt the heart's pumping ability. Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked, leading to tissue damage and potential heart failure. Therefore, all three conditions can contribute to the development of cardiac failure.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Deposits creating problems with the opening and closing of valves leads to
- A.
Myocardial infarction
- B.
Arrhythmias
- C.
Valvular disease
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
C. Valvular diseaseExplanation
Deposits can accumulate on heart valves, causing them to become stiff and less flexible. This can lead to valvular disease, which refers to any condition that affects the valves of the heart. Valvular disease can cause problems with the opening and closing of valves, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. If left untreated, valvular disease can lead to complications such as heart failure and arrhythmias. Therefore, the correct answer is valvular disease, as it encompasses all the mentioned problems caused by deposits on heart valves.Rate this question:
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- 9.
When there is an irregular or abnormal heart rhythm of EKG
- A.
Cardiac arrest
- B.
Arrhythmias
- C.
Myocardial infarction
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
B. ArrhythmiasExplanation
Arrhythmias refer to irregular or abnormal heart rhythms, which can occur due to various reasons such as cardiac arrest or myocardial infarction. Therefore, the correct answer is arrhythmias, as it encompasses all the mentioned conditions related to irregular heart rhythms.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Decrease in blood flow/perfusion/hemodynamics
- A.
Ischemia
- B.
Thrombus
- C.
Cardiac output
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. IschemiaExplanation
Ischemia refers to a decrease in blood flow to a particular organ or tissue, resulting in a reduced supply of oxygen and nutrients. This can occur due to various reasons, such as a blockage in the blood vessels caused by a thrombus (blood clot). Ischemia can lead to tissue damage and dysfunction if not promptly addressed. The other options, including decrease in blood flow/perfusion/hemodynamics and cardiac output, are related to ischemia but do not specifically define it.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Blood clotting
- A.
Plaque
- B.
Thrombus
- C.
Ischemia
- D.
Myocarditis
Correct Answer
B. ThrombusExplanation
A thrombus refers to a blood clot that forms within a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood. This can lead to ischemia, which is a condition where there is a lack of blood supply to a specific organ or tissue. The formation of a thrombus can be caused by various factors, such as plaque buildup in the blood vessels or inflammation of the blood vessel walls, known as myocarditis. Therefore, the presence of a thrombus can contribute to the development of ischemia.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Build up in the arteries
- A.
Plaque
- B.
Cardiac output
- C.
Ischemia
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. PlaqueExplanation
Plaque refers to the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries, which can lead to a condition called atherosclerosis. This accumulation of plaque narrows the arteries and restricts blood flow, potentially causing various cardiovascular problems such as heart attacks or strokes. Therefore, plaque is the correct answer as it best describes the build-up in the arteries.Rate this question:
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- 13.
P= Atrial ContractionQ =R = VENTRICULAR CONTRACTIONS = T = Ventricular relaxation
- A.
Arrhythmias
- B.
Myocarditis
- C.
Valvular disease
- D.
Ischemia
Correct Answer
A. ArrhythmiasExplanation
Arrhythmias refer to abnormal heart rhythms, which can occur due to various reasons such as myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle), valvular disease (abnormalities in the heart valves), or ischemia (reduced blood flow to the heart). These conditions can disrupt the normal sequence of atrial and ventricular contractions, leading to irregular heartbeats. Therefore, arrhythmias can be a potential cause for abnormal heart rhythms.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Causes of ischemia
- A.
Thrombus
- B.
Plaque
- C.
Cardiac output and vasoconstriction
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "all of the above" because all of the mentioned factors can contribute to the development of ischemia. A thrombus (blood clot) can block the blood flow to a specific area, leading to ischemia. Plaque buildup in the arteries can also restrict blood flow and cause ischemia. Additionally, decreased cardiac output (the amount of blood pumped by the heart) and vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) can both reduce blood supply to tissues, resulting in ischemia. Therefore, all the mentioned causes can individually or collectively lead to ischemia.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
- A.
Toxins, infections
- B.
Viral diseases
- C.
Autoimmune responses
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition characterized by the enlargement and weakening of the heart muscle. The causes of this condition can include toxins, infections, viral diseases, and autoimmune responses. Toxins such as alcohol or certain drugs can damage the heart muscle, while infections like Lyme disease or Chagas disease can lead to inflammation and weaken the heart. Viral diseases, such as myocarditis, can directly infect and damage the heart muscle. Additionally, autoimmune responses where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the heart can also contribute to the development of dilated cardiomyopathy. Therefore, all of the listed factors can contribute to the development of this condition.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Infection of the heart muscles causing inflammation and decreasing cardiac output, ejection fraction and blood pressure
- A.
Myocardial infarction
- B.
Myocarditis
- C.
Valvular disease
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. MyocarditisExplanation
Myocarditis is the correct answer because it refers to the infection of the heart muscles, which causes inflammation and reduces cardiac output, ejection fraction, and blood pressure. Myocardial infarction refers to a blockage in the blood vessels supplying the heart, while valvular disease refers to any condition affecting the heart valves. None of the above options accurately describe the given symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Causes of Left Ventricular After Load
- A.
Hypertension
- B.
Pulmonary embolism
- C.
Aortic stenosis
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
All of the listed conditions (hypertension, pulmonary embolism, aortic stenosis) can cause an increase in left ventricular afterload. Hypertension refers to high blood pressure, which can lead to increased resistance in the blood vessels and subsequently increase the workload on the left ventricle. Pulmonary embolism is a condition where a blood clot blocks the arteries in the lungs, causing increased pressure in the right side of the heart and consequently increasing afterload on the left ventricle. Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve, which obstructs blood flow and results in increased afterload on the left ventricle. Hence, all of these conditions can contribute to increased left ventricular afterload.Rate this question:
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- 18.
When this occurs it causes back up pressure in the right atrium (happens in the lungs)
- A.
Hypertension
- B.
Pulmonary embolism
- C.
Aortic stenosis
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Pulmonary embolismExplanation
A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot, usually from the legs, travels to the lungs and blocks one of the pulmonary arteries. This blockage can cause back up pressure in the right atrium, as the blood cannot flow properly through the lungs. Hypertension refers to high blood pressure, which can affect various parts of the body but is not specifically related to the lungs. Aortic stenosis is a condition where the aortic valve becomes narrow, causing obstruction of blood flow from the heart. None of the above options specifically describe the situation where back up pressure in the right atrium occurs in the lungs, except for pulmonary embolism.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Increases the right ventricle
- A.
Hypertension
- B.
Pulmonary embolism
- C.
Aortic stenosis
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Pulmonary embolismExplanation
Pulmonary embolism is the correct answer because it is a condition where a blood clot blocks one or more arteries in the lungs. This blockage restricts blood flow to the lungs, causing increased pressure in the right ventricle of the heart as it tries to pump blood through the blocked arteries. Hypertension refers to high blood pressure, which can affect both the left and right ventricles. Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve, which affects the left ventricle more than the right ventricle. Therefore, neither hypertension nor aortic stenosis directly cause an increase in the right ventricle.Rate this question:
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- 20.
After load occurs on the
- A.
Right ventricle
- B.
Left ventricle
- C.
Sternum
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Left ventricleExplanation
The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body. When a load occurs on the left ventricle, it means that there is increased pressure or resistance that the left ventricle needs to overcome in order to pump the blood effectively. This can happen due to various reasons such as high blood pressure or aortic stenosis. Therefore, the left ventricle is the correct answer as it is directly involved in pumping blood against resistance.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Right heart failure occurs when a decrease occurs in
- A.
The left ventricle
- B.
Pre load and after load
- C.
Hypertension
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Pre load and after loadExplanation
Right heart failure occurs when there is a decrease in both pre-load and after-load. Pre-load refers to the amount of blood returning to the heart, while after-load refers to the resistance the heart must overcome to pump blood out of the heart. A decrease in pre-load and after-load can lead to inadequate filling and pumping of the right ventricle, causing right heart failure. Hypertension, which is high blood pressure, can contribute to increased after-load and may therefore be a risk factor for right heart failure.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Stiffening or decrease of an opening
- A.
Pulmonary embolism
- B.
Stenosis
- C.
Hypertension
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
B. StenosisExplanation
Stenosis refers to the narrowing or constriction of an opening or passage in the body. In the context of the given options, stenosis can occur in various parts of the body, including blood vessels, heart valves, or airways. Pulmonary embolism is a condition where a blood clot blocks an artery in the lungs, which can lead to stenosis. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, can also contribute to the development of stenosis. Therefore, all of the above options can cause stenosis.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Cause left ventricular after load
- A.
Aortic stenosis
- B.
Hypertension
- C.
Pulmonary embolism
- D.
Ischemia
Correct Answer
A. Aortic stenosisExplanation
Aortic stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the aortic valve in the heart. This narrowing obstructs the blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, leading to increased resistance or afterload on the left ventricle. This increased afterload can cause the left ventricle to work harder to pump blood out of the heart, leading to hypertrophy or thickening of the heart muscle. Therefore, aortic stenosis can cause an increase in left ventricular afterload.Rate this question:
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Copy of Quiz CVS,DM.GI and Respiratory.PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Final , #Abo5atib
Copy of Quiz CVS,DM.GI and Respiratory.PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Final , #Abo5atib
Quiz CVS,DM.GI and Respiratory.PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Final , #Abo5atib
Quiz CVS,DM.GI and Respiratory.PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Final , #Abo5atib
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