Pathophysiology Nurse 3310 Exam II
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Cardiac, hemotology, immunology/cancer
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What is the physiological cause of shock in the human body?
- A.
Hypertension
- B.
Hypoglycemia
- C.
Inadequate tissue perfusion
- D.
Tachycardia caused by events you experienced
Correct Answer
C. Inadequate tissue perfusionExplanation
Inadequate tissue perfusion refers to the insufficient supply of blood to the body's tissues, which can lead to shock. When there is a decrease in blood flow, the body's cells do not receive enough oxygen and nutrients, causing them to malfunction and potentially die. This can occur due to various reasons such as severe bleeding, heart failure, or severe infection. Inadequate tissue perfusion is a major physiological cause of shock as it disrupts the normal functioning of the body and can lead to organ failure if not promptly treated.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The two types of shock are____________ and ______________.
Correct Answer
Hypovolemic
CardiogenicExplanation
The question asks for the two types of shock, which are hypovolemic and cardiogenic. Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is a significant loss of blood or fluids in the body, leading to a decrease in blood volume. Cardiogenic shock, on the other hand, is caused by a severe heart condition that impairs the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. Both types of shock can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention.Rate this question:
- 3.
How do you treat shock?
- A.
Nitroglycerin
- B.
Determine cause, take corrective action
- C.
As directed by Dr.
Correct Answer
B. Determine cause, take corrective actionExplanation
The correct answer is "Determine cause, take corrective action." When treating shock, it is crucial to first identify the underlying cause of the condition. Once the cause is determined, appropriate corrective measures can be taken to address it. This may involve administering fluids, providing oxygen, controlling bleeding, or treating any underlying medical conditions. Following the guidance of a healthcare professional, such as a doctor, is important in determining the cause and taking the necessary corrective actions. Nitroglycerin is a medication primarily used to treat heart conditions and is not specifically indicated for the treatment of shock.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What is caused by a fatty streak that caused endothelial injury, and hypoxia in arteries?
Correct Answer
AtherosclerosisExplanation
Atherosclerosis is caused by a fatty streak that causes endothelial injury and hypoxia in arteries. This condition occurs when cholesterol and other fatty substances build up in the walls of arteries, forming plaque. The fatty streaks can cause damage to the endothelial lining of the arteries, leading to inflammation and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques can narrow and harden the arteries, restricting blood flow and potentially leading to various cardiovascular diseases.Rate this question:
- 5.
What blood pressure classification would 120/80 be catagorized in?
- A.
Normal
- B.
Pre-hypertensive
- C.
Hypertensive 3
- D.
Optimal
Correct Answer
D. OptimalExplanation
A blood pressure reading of 120/80 falls within the optimal range. This means that the individual has a healthy blood pressure level, which is considered to be ideal for their overall health. Optimal blood pressure is associated with a lower risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and other related complications.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What is the blood pressure classification with the range of 130-139/85-89?
- A.
Hypertensive 1
- B.
Pre-hypertensive
- C.
Normal
Correct Answer
B. Pre-hypertensiveExplanation
The blood pressure classification with the range of 130-139/85-89 is pre-hypertensive. This means that the blood pressure readings are slightly elevated but not yet in the hypertensive range. Pre-hypertension is a warning sign that blood pressure is trending towards high blood pressure and may require lifestyle changes to prevent further increases.Rate this question:
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- 7.
If your blood pressure is 145/95 it falls in the classification of ____________.
Correct Answer
Hypertensive 1Explanation
If your blood pressure is 145/95, it falls in the classification of Hypertensive 1. This means that your systolic blood pressure (145) is in the range of 130-139 mmHg and your diastolic blood pressure (95) is in the range of 80-89 mmHg. Hypertensive 1 is considered stage 1 hypertension, indicating that your blood pressure is higher than normal and may require lifestyle changes or medication to manage.Rate this question:
- 8.
The average age of diagnosis of HTN is __.
Correct Answer
40Explanation
The average age of diagnosis of HTN is 40. This means that, on average, individuals are diagnosed with hypertension (high blood pressure) at the age of 40. It is important to note that this is an average, and individual cases may vary. Hypertension is a condition that can develop due to various factors such as genetics, lifestyle choices, and underlying health conditions. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help prevent or manage hypertension.Rate this question:
- 9.
Two of the risk factors for atherosclerosis are __________ and ___________.
Correct Answer
Smoking
Hypertension
Diabetes
HyperdyslipidemiaExplanation
Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries, leading to restricted blood flow. Smoking is a known risk factor for atherosclerosis as it damages the lining of the blood vessels and promotes the formation of plaque. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, puts extra strain on the arteries, making them more susceptible to damage and plaque formation. Diabetes is also a risk factor as high blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels. Hyperdyslipidemia refers to high levels of lipids, such as cholesterol, in the blood, which can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.Rate this question:
- 10.
What are the two top risk factors for HTN?
Correct Answer
Age
Being a manExplanation
The two top risk factors for hypertension (HTN) are age and being a man. As individuals age, their blood vessels become less flexible and more prone to narrowing, which can increase blood pressure. Additionally, men tend to have a higher risk of developing hypertension compared to women, possibly due to hormonal differences and lifestyle factors. Therefore, age and gender are important factors to consider when assessing the risk of hypertension.Rate this question:
- 11.
What are the three biggest dangers for aneurysms?
Correct Answer
Leaking
Dissecting
RupturingExplanation
The three biggest dangers for aneurysms are leaking, dissecting, and rupturing. Leaking refers to the gradual release of blood from the aneurysm, which can cause symptoms such as headache and neck pain. Dissecting occurs when the layers of the blood vessel wall separate, potentially leading to a blockage of blood flow or rupture. Rupturing is the most severe danger, as it involves the sudden and complete rupture of the aneurysm, resulting in life-threatening bleeding. These three dangers highlight the potential complications and risks associated with aneurysms.Rate this question:
- 12.
What is the diastolic sign minimum for malignant HTN?
Correct Answer
120Explanation
The diastolic sign minimum for malignant HTN is 120. This means that in cases of malignant hypertension, the diastolic blood pressure reading should be at least 120 mmHg or higher. Malignant hypertension is a severe form of high blood pressure that can cause damage to organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys. Monitoring and controlling the diastolic blood pressure is important in managing this condition and preventing complications.Rate this question:
- 13.
What are the three types of Angina?
Correct Answer
Stable
Unstable
PrinzmetalExplanation
The three types of angina are stable, unstable, and Prinzmetal. Stable angina is characterized by predictable chest pain that occurs during physical exertion or emotional stress and is relieved by rest or medication. Unstable angina is more severe and unpredictable, occurring even at rest or with minimal exertion and often lasts longer than stable angina. Prinzmetal angina, also known as variant angina, is caused by a spasm in the coronary arteries, leading to chest pain at rest.Rate this question:
- 14.
Abnormal heart rythm.
Correct Answer
Dysrythmia - 15.
Heart failure is when your heart is unable to adequately perfuse the tissues.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Heart failure is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. This leads to inadequate perfusion of the tissues, meaning that the tissues do not receive enough oxygen and nutrients. Therefore, the statement that heart failure is when the heart is unable to adequately perfuse the tissues is true.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What are the two types of congestive heart failure?
Correct Answer
systolic
diastolicExplanation
Congestive heart failure is a condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently. The two types of congestive heart failure are systolic and diastolic. Systolic heart failure occurs when the heart muscle is weak and unable to contract effectively, resulting in reduced blood flow. Diastolic heart failure, on the other hand, happens when the heart muscle becomes stiff and is unable to relax properly, leading to impaired filling of the heart chambers. Both types of heart failure have different underlying causes and treatment approaches.Rate this question:
- 17.
What sided heart failure causes fluid buildup in the body?
Correct Answer
RightExplanation
Right-sided heart failure causes fluid buildup in the body. In right-sided heart failure, the right side of the heart is unable to effectively pump blood to the lungs for oxygenation. This leads to a backup of blood in the veins, causing fluid to accumulate in the body, particularly in the legs, ankles, and abdomen. This condition is known as peripheral edema.Rate this question:
- 18.
Where does fluid build up when left sided heart failure is occuring?
Correct Answer
The lungsExplanation
Fluid build-up occurs in the lungs during left-sided heart failure because the left side of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body. When the left side of the heart fails, it is unable to effectively pump blood, causing a backup of fluid in the lungs. This leads to symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing.Rate this question:
- 19.
What type of shock is it when the cardiac output is not sufficient to perfuse the tissues causing hypotension?
Correct Answer
CardiogenicExplanation
Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion and low blood pressure (hypotension). In this type of shock, the cardiac output is compromised, leading to insufficient blood flow to the tissues.Rate this question:
- 20.
What two factors are used when classifying congenital heart disease?
Correct Answer
If blood flow to lungs is increased or decreased
if cyanosis is present or notExplanation
Congenital heart disease is classified based on two factors: the blood flow to the lungs and the presence of cyanosis. The first factor considers whether the blood flow to the lungs is increased or decreased. The second factor determines if cyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the skin, is present or not. These two factors help in categorizing and diagnosing different types of congenital heart diseases.Rate this question:
- 21.
In what direction does an acyanotic defect shunt the blood?
Correct Answer
Left to rightExplanation
An acyanotic defect refers to a congenital heart defect that does not cause cyanosis (a bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen). Left to right shunting means that blood flows from the left side of the heart to the right side, causing an increased blood volume on the right side. This can occur due to abnormalities such as ventricular septal defect (VSD) or atrial septal defect (ASD), where there is a hole in the septum between the two chambers of the heart. As a result, oxygen-rich blood from the left side of the heart mixes with oxygen-poor blood on the right side, leading to increased blood flow to the lungs and potentially causing pulmonary hypertension.Rate this question:
- 22.
Congenital heart disease is a major cause of death in infants.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Congenital heart disease refers to structural abnormalities in the heart that are present at birth. It is indeed a major cause of death in infants. These abnormalities can affect the normal functioning of the heart and can lead to serious complications, including heart failure and even death. Therefore, the statement that congenital heart disease is a major cause of death in infants is true.Rate this question:
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- 23.
What is an atrial septal defect? Which way does it shunt the blood? Is it cyanotic or acyanotic?
Correct Answer
It is a hole between the atria
Left to right
AcyanoticExplanation
An atrial septal defect is a hole between the atria of the heart. This means that there is an abnormal opening between the left and right atria, allowing blood to flow from the left side of the heart to the right side. This shunting of the blood occurs from left to right. Atrial septal defects are considered acyanotic, meaning that they do not cause cyanosis or a bluish discoloration of the skin.Rate this question:
- 24.
A murmur is one sign of an atrial septal defect.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
An atrial septal defect is a congenital heart defect where there is a hole in the wall that separates the two upper chambers of the heart. This hole allows blood to flow between the chambers, causing a mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. A murmur is an abnormal sound that can be heard when listening to the heart with a stethoscope. In the case of an atrial septal defect, the abnormal flow of blood through the hole can create a murmur, making the statement true.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Is CHF more associated with cyanotic defects or acyanotic defects?
- A.
Cyanotic
- B.
Acyanotic
- C.
Neither
Correct Answer
B. AcyanoticExplanation
CHF, or congestive heart failure, is more commonly associated with acyanotic defects. Acyanotic defects are heart conditions that do not result in a lack of oxygen in the blood, while cyanotic defects do. In CHF, the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body. This can occur in both cyanotic and acyanotic defects, but it is more commonly seen in acyanotic defects.Rate this question:
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- 26.
What is the most common type of heart defect?
Correct Answer
ventrical septal defectExplanation
A ventricular septal defect is the most common type of heart defect. This condition occurs when there is a hole in the wall that separates the two lower chambers of the heart, known as the ventricles. This defect allows oxygen-rich blood to mix with oxygen-poor blood, leading to an inefficient circulation of blood throughout the body. Ventricular septal defects can vary in size and severity, but they often require medical intervention or surgery to repair the hole and improve heart function.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Oct 11, 2011Quiz Created by
Superman79007
Copy of Quiz CVS,DM.GI and Respiratory.PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Final , #Abo5atib
Copy of Quiz CVS,DM.GI and Respiratory.PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Final , #Abo5atib
Quiz CVS,DM.GI and Respiratory.PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Final , #Abo5atib
Quiz CVS,DM.GI and Respiratory.PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Final , #Abo5atib
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