Biochemistry Quiz On Carbohydrates

Reviewed by Stephen Reinbold
Stephen Reinbold, PhD (Biological Sciences) |
Biology
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Stephen Reinbold has a PhD in Biological Sciences with a particular interest in teaching. He taught General Biology, Environmental Science, Zoology, Genetics, and Anatomy & Physiology for almost thirty years at Metropolitan Community College in Kansas City, Missouri. He particularly enjoyed emphasizing scientific methodology and student research projects. Now, enjoying retirement, he works part-time as an editor while also engaging in online activities.
, PhD (Biological Sciences)
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Biochemistry Quiz On Carbohydrates - Quiz

Carbohydrates are the fuel that provides energy to the human body. This Biochemistry quiz on carbohydrates tests your understanding of carbohydrates and other complex chemical phenomena related to the human body. The quiz contains various questions ranging from easy, medium, to hard levels aimed not only to test your knowledge but also to provide you with valuable learning. If you find the quiz helpful, do share it with your friends. All the best!


Biochemistry Questions and Answers

  • 1. 

    Which of these elements is NOT a constituent of Carbohydrates?

    • A.

      Carbon

    • B.

      Hydrogen

    • C.

      Oxygen

    • D.

      Nitrogen

    Correct Answer
    D. Nitrogen
    Explanation
    Carbohydrates strictly consist of Carbon, and the components of Water ('hydro') - Hydrogen & Oxygen. Hence, Carbo+Hydrate

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  • 2. 

    What is another word that might describe complex carbohydrates?

    • A.

      Monosaccharide

    • B.

      Disaccharide

    • C.

      Polysaccharide

    • D.

      None of the above

    Correct Answer
    C. Polysaccharide
    Explanation
    Complex carbohydrates are often referred to as polysaccharides. These are large molecules composed of many sugar units (monosaccharides) bonded together. Unlike simple carbohydrates (monosaccharides and disaccharides), which are quickly digested and absorbed into the bloodstream, complex carbohydrates take longer to break down due to their complex structure. They provide a sustained release of energy and are found in foods such as whole grains, vegetables, and legumes. Polysaccharides play a crucial role in providing energy storage and structural support in plants and animals, contributing to overall dietary fiber and digestive health.

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  • 3. 

    Carbon is the basis for carbohydrates and all other biologically important molecules. All of the following are reasons why Carbon lends itself to being the basic building block of life on our planet - except for one. Which statement is incorrect?

    • A.

      Carbon readily makes four stable bonds in single, double, or triple configurations.

    • B.

      Carbon is a very dense & heavy element, giving living things stability.

    • C.

      Carbon is the least electronegative non-metal

    • D.

      Carbon has a high affinity for Oxygen & Hydrogen, which make bonds easily with C.

    Correct Answer
    B. Carbon is a very dense & heavy element, giving living things stability.
    Explanation
    Carbon is not so dense and heavy as to be the reason for stable biomolecules. Their stability comes from a variety of factors, including bonds, molecule shape, size & molecular mass.

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  • 4. 

    As a component of Carbohydrates, Oxygen is very important, too. Which of the following statements is incorrect about the way Oxygen behaves as part of a molecule?

    • A.

      Oxygen has six outer valence electrons, and makes up to 2 bonds.

    • B.

      Oxygen is highly electronegative; it is an 'electron hog', sharing them unevenly.

    • C.

      The uneven sharing of electrons results in Oxygen forming polar covalent bonds.

    • D.

      The presence of oxygen in Carbohydrates makes them highly insoluble in water.

    Correct Answer
    D. The presence of oxygen in Carbohydrates makes them highly insoluble in water.
    Explanation
    Actually, the reverse is true: Oxygen enhances a molecule's solubility in water.

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  • 5. 

    Which of these functional groups are you not going to find in a carbohydrate?

    • A.

      Carbonyl -C=O

    • B.

      Sulfhydryl -SH

    • C.

      Hydroxyl -OH

    • D.

      Ether -C-O-C-

    Correct Answer
    B. Sulfhydryl -SH
    Explanation
    Sulfur is not a component of the Carbohydrates. It is found in some amino acids & proteins.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following carbohydrates does this structural diagram represent?

    • A.

      Glucose

    • B.

      Fructose

    • C.

      Maltose

    • D.

      Sucrose

    Correct Answer
    A. Glucose
    Explanation
    The structural diagram represents glucose, a simple sugar and monosaccharide. Glucose is an important carbohydrate in the body and is used as a source of energy. It is a hexose sugar, meaning it has six carbon atoms. The diagram shows the arrangement of the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in glucose, with a ring structure formed by five carbon atoms and an oxygen atom.

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  • 7. 

    Which of the following carbohydrates does this structural diagram represent?

    • A.

      Glucose

    • B.

      Fructose

    • C.

      Maltose

    • D.

      Sucrose

    Correct Answer
    C. Maltose
    Explanation
    The structural diagram represents maltose because it shows two glucose molecules linked together by a glycosidic bond. Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose units, and the diagram accurately depicts this structure. Glucose is a monosaccharide, fructose is a different monosaccharide, and sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. Therefore, the correct answer is maltose.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following carbohydrates does this structural diagram represent?

    • A.

      Glucose

    • B.

      Fructose

    • C.

      Maltose

    • D.

      Sucrose

    Correct Answer
    B. Fructose
    Explanation
    The structural diagram represents fructose because it matches the chemical structure of fructose, which is a monosaccharide with a five-carbon ring structure. Glucose, maltose, and sucrose have different structural arrangements and do not match the diagram.

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  • 9. 

    Which of the following carbohydrates does this structural diagram represent?

    • A.

      Glucose

    • B.

      Fructose

    • C.

      Maltose

    • D.

      Sucrose

    Correct Answer
    D. Sucrose
    Explanation
    The structural diagram provided represents sucrose. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule joined together by a glycosidic bond. The diagram shows the two monosaccharides connected by this bond, indicating that it is sucrose.

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  • 10. 

    The diagrams below show a complex carbohydrate in some of your body cells. Which complex carbohydrate is it?

    • A.

      Cellulose

    • B.

      Chitin

    • C.

      Glucagon

    • D.

      Glycogen

    Correct Answer
    D. Glycogen
    Explanation
    Glycogen is the main storage polysaccharide in mammalian bodies. Your liver & some large skeletal muscles store it.

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  • 11. 

    Which category of carbohydrates do the sugars glucose, fructose, and galactose belong to?

    • A.

      Monosaccharides

    • B.

      Disaccharides

    • C.

      Polysaccharides

    Correct Answer
    A. Monosaccharides
    Explanation
    Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all examples of monosaccharides, which are simple sugars. Monosaccharides are the most basic units of carbohydrates and cannot be broken down into smaller sugars by hydrolysis. They consist of a single sugar molecule and are easily absorbed by the body for quick energy. Glucose is a primary source of energy for cells, fructose is commonly found in fruits and honey, and galactose is typically found in dairy products. These monosaccharides serve as building blocks for more complex carbohydrates like disaccharides and polysaccharides, which consist of two or more monosaccharide units bonded together.

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  • 12. 

    Which category of carbohydrates do the sugars lactose, maltose, and sucrose belong to?

    • A.

      Monosaccharides

    • B.

      Disaccharides

    • C.

      Polysaccharides

    • D.

      None of the above

    Correct Answer
    B. Disaccharides
    Explanation
    Lactose, maltose, and sucrose are all examples of disaccharides, which are carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharide units bonded together. Specifically:Lactose is composed of glucose and galactose.Maltose is composed of two glucose molecules.Sucrose is composed of glucose and fructose.Disaccharides are formed through a condensation reaction (dehydration synthesis) where a molecule of water is removed to bond two monosaccharides together. They are commonly found in foods such as milk (lactose), grains (maltose), and table sugar (sucrose). Disaccharides are broken down into their monosaccharide components during digestion to be absorbed and used for energy by the body.

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  • 13. 

    The diagram below shows the most common reaction that helps more complex carbohydrates form. What is the name of the reaction?

    • A.

      Hydrolysis

    • B.

      Dehydration synthesis

    • C.

      Dehydoxylation

    • D.

      Hydration

    Correct Answer
    B. Dehydration synthesis
    Explanation
    It's a removal of water (O + OH = H2O) (dehydration) that brings together two molecules into one (synthesis).

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  • 14. 

    Which of the following is NOT a role of Carbohydrates in a cell or organism?

    • A.

      Provide energy, either immediate or long-term (storage)

    • B.

      Provide structure, support, and strength in certain organisms.

    • C.

      Formation of muscle tissues & bone in vertebrate bodies

    • D.

      Osmoregulation - moderating fluid balance in living organisms

    Correct Answer
    C. Formation of muscle tissues & bone in vertebrate bodies
    Explanation
    Although we tend to think of carbs as a high-energy nutrient, they have other roles: chitin makes up the exoskeletons of insects & crustaceans, cellulose is the supporting fibre of herbaceous plants, and starches & sugars play a role in osmoregulation of cells, too. Protein is responsible for forming muscle & bone.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?

    • A.

      Glucose

    • B.

      Fructose

    • C.

      Galactose

    • D.

      Sucrose

    Correct Answer
    D. Sucrose
    Explanation
    Sucrose is not a monosaccharide because it is a disaccharide composed of two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, joined together by a glycosidic bond. Monosaccharides, on the other hand, are single sugar molecules that cannot be broken down into smaller sugar units. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all monosaccharides because they consist of a single sugar unit.

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  • 16. 

    What is the most common monosaccharide found in the human body?

    • A.

      Fructose

    • B.

      Galactos

    • C.

      Ribose

    • D.

      Glucose

    Correct Answer
    D. Glucose
    Explanation
    Glucose is the most common monosaccharide found in the human body. It is a primary source of energy for cells and is essential for metabolic processes. Glucose is transported through the bloodstream to provide energy to all body tissues. It is also a building block for more complex carbohydrates like starch and glycogen. Monitoring glucose levels is crucial in managing conditions like diabetes, highlighting its importance in biochemistry and health.

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  • 17. 

    What polysaccharide is used by plants to store energy?

    • A.

      Cellulose

    • B.

      Glycogen

    • C.

      Starch

    • D.

      Chitin

    Correct Answer
    C. Starch
    Explanation
    Starch is the polysaccharide used by plants to store energy. It is made up of glucose units linked together and is stored in plant cells as granules. When energy is needed, plants break down starch into glucose, which can then be used in cellular respiration to produce ATP, the energy currency of cells. Starch is also an important dietary carbohydrate for humans and animals, providing a significant source of energy.

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  • 18. 

    What enzyme is responsible for breaking down starch into simpler sugars?

    • A.

      Lactase

    • B.

      Amylase

    • C.

      Maltase

    • D.

      Sucrase

    Correct Answer
    B. Amylase
    Explanation
    Amylase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down starch into simpler sugars like maltose and glucose. Amylase is produced in the salivary glands and the pancreas. When we eat starchy foods, amylase in saliva begins the digestion process in the mouth, and pancreatic amylase continues the process in the small intestine. This enzyme plays a crucial role in carbohydrate digestion, ensuring that complex carbohydrates can be converted into a form that the body can use for energy.

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  • 19. 

    What carbohydrate is the main structural component of plant cell walls?

    • A.

      Starch

    • B.

      Glycogen

    • C.

      Cellulose

    • D.

      Chitin

    Correct Answer
    C. Cellulose
    Explanation
    Cellulose is the main structural component of plant cell walls. It is a polysaccharide made up of long chains of glucose molecules linked together. These chains are arranged in a way that provides strength and rigidity to plant cells, helping to maintain their shape and structural integrity. Cellulose is indigestible by humans due to our lack of enzymes capable of breaking its bonds, but it serves as an important dietary fiber that aids in digestion. Unlike starch and glycogen, which are used for energy storage in plants and animals respectively, cellulose primarily functions as a structural support in plant tissues.

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  • 20. 

    What carbohydrate is stored in the liver and muscles for energy?

    • A.

      Starch

    • B.

      Cellulose

    • C.

      Sucrose

    • D.

      Glycogen

    Correct Answer
    D. Glycogen
    Explanation
    Glycogen is the carbohydrate stored in the liver and muscles for energy. It is a polysaccharide composed of glucose units linked together in a highly branched structure. When the body needs energy, glycogen is broken down into glucose, which is then used in cellular respiration to produce ATP. Glycogen storage allows for quick release of glucose during physical activity or between meals, maintaining blood sugar levels and energy supply.

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  • 21. 

    What is the main sugar found in milk?

    • A.

      Sucrose

    • B.

      Glucose

    • C.

      Fructose

    • D.

      Lactose

    Correct Answer
    D. Lactose
    Explanation
    Lactose is the main sugar found in milk. It is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose. Lactose is digested in the small intestine by the enzyme lactase, which breaks it down into its monosaccharide components for absorption. Lactose is an important source of energy for infants and young mammals. Some people have lactose intolerance, which means they lack sufficient lactase to digest lactose properly, leading to digestive discomfort.

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  • 22. 

    What type of bond links monosaccharides together in polysaccharides?

    • A.

      Peptide bond

    • B.

      Hydrogen bond

    • C.

      Glycosidic bond

    • D.

      Ionic bond

    Correct Answer
    C. Glycosidic bond
    Explanation
    A glycosidic bond links monosaccharides together in polysaccharides. This covalent bond forms between the hydroxyl group of one monosaccharide and the anomeric carbon of another, releasing a molecule of water. Glycosidic bonds can vary in their position and configuration, leading to different structures and properties of polysaccharides, such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose. Understanding glycosidic bonds is fundamental in biochemistry, as it explains how complex carbohydrates are built from simple sugars.

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Stephen Reinbold |PhD (Biological Sciences) |
Biology
Stephen Reinbold has a PhD in Biological Sciences with a particular interest in teaching. He taught General Biology, Environmental Science, Zoology, Genetics, and Anatomy & Physiology for almost thirty years at Metropolitan Community College in Kansas City, Missouri. He particularly enjoyed emphasizing scientific methodology and student research projects. Now, enjoying retirement, he works part-time as an editor while also engaging in online activities.

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  • Feb 04, 2011
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