Monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide Quiz

Explanation
Hyaluronic acid is a type of polysaccharide. Polysaccharides are large molecules made up of multiple sugar units bonded together. Hyaluronic acid is composed of repeating units of a disaccharide, consisting of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. It is found in various tissues and fluids in the body and plays a role in maintaining hydration, lubrication, and elasticity. Therefore, the correct answer is polysaccharide.

Explanation
Plants use starch to store glucose. Starch is a complex carbohydrate made up of glucose molecules linked together. It is the primary storage form of glucose in plants and is stored in specialized structures such as roots, stems, and seeds. When plants need energy, starch is broken down into glucose molecules, which can then be used for various metabolic processes. Glycogen, on the other hand, is the storage form of glucose in animals, while chitin is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and cell walls of fungi.

Explanation
Cellulose is the correct answer because it is a polysaccharide that is used by plants to form their cell walls. It provides structural support and rigidity to plant cells, helping them maintain their shape and protect against external forces. Glycogen is a storage polysaccharide found in animals, while starch is a storage polysaccharide found in plants. Therefore, neither of these options is used by plants for making their cell walls.

Explanation
All of these food items have disaccharides. A disaccharide is a type of carbohydrate that consists of two sugar molecules bonded together. Honey contains the disaccharide sucrose, which is made up of glucose and fructose. Beer contains maltose, a disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules. Sweet potatoes contain the disaccharide maltose as well, along with other types of carbohydrates. Therefore, all of these food items contain disaccharides.

Explanation
Dextrose (glucose) is classified as a monosaccharide because it is a simple sugar that cannot be further broken down into smaller sugar molecules. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of carbohydrates and are composed of a single sugar unit. In contrast, disaccharides consist of two sugar units bonded together, while polysaccharides are composed of multiple sugar units bonded together. Therefore, dextrose (glucose) being a monosaccharide is the correct answer.

Explanation
Trehalose is a disaccharide because it is composed of two sugar molecules, specifically two glucose molecules, joined together by a glycosidic bond. Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides undergo a condensation reaction, resulting in the formation of a covalent bond between them. In the case of trehalose, the glycosidic bond connects the two glucose molecules, making it a disaccharide. Monosaccharides are single sugar molecules, while polysaccharides are composed of multiple sugar units. Therefore, trehalose falls under the category of disaccharides.

Explanation
All of the given options, namely lactose, lactulose, and cellobiose, are examples of disaccharides. A disaccharide is a type of carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharide units joined together by a glycosidic bond. Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk, composed of glucose and galactose. Lactulose is another disaccharide formed by fructose and galactose, commonly used as a laxative. Cellobiose is a disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules and is a component of cellulose, the main structural component of plant cell walls. Therefore, all of these options are correct.

Explanation
Xylose is classified as a monosaccharide because it is a simple sugar that cannot be broken down further into smaller sugar molecules. Monosaccharides are the basic units of carbohydrates and are composed of a single sugar molecule. Xylose is a pentose sugar, meaning it has five carbon atoms in its structure. It is commonly found in plant materials and is used as a sweetener in some food products.

Explanation
Both A & B are types of polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of multiple sugar molecules bonded together. Homopolysaccharides are composed of a single type of sugar molecule, while heteropolysaccharides are composed of different types of sugar molecules. Therefore, both options A and B are correct as they represent different types of polysaccharides.

Explanation
Starch is a polysaccharide, not a monosaccharide. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule. Starch, on the other hand, is a complex carbohydrate made up of many glucose molecules bonded together. Therefore, starch does not fit the definition of a monosaccharide.