3D053 CDC Edit 02 Vol 2

Port 80 is used for the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP). This is the standard port for web traffic and is used to transmit data between web servers and web browsers. When a user enters a URL in a web browser, the browser sends an HTTP request to the web server on port 80. The web server then responds with the requested web page, which is displayed in the browser.

Security policies should encompass both voice and data networks to help mitigate the threat of convergence. Convergence refers to the merging of voice and data networks, which can introduce new security risks. By including both voice and data networks in security policies, organizations can ensure that they have comprehensive measures in place to protect against potential threats and vulnerabilities that may arise from the convergence of these networks. This approach allows for a holistic and coordinated approach to security, addressing the unique challenges and requirements of both voice and data networks.

The well-known ports range from 0-1023. These ports are reserved for specific services and protocols that are commonly used and recognized. They include ports for popular services like HTTP (port 80), FTP (port 21), and SSH (port 22). These ports are standardized and widely known, making them easily identifiable and accessible for network communication.

The correct answer is to keep ports closed. Keeping ports closed is a security best practice as it helps to prevent unauthorized access and potential attacks on a network. Open ports can be exploited by hackers to gain access to a system or network, so it is important to only open ports that are necessary for the intended use. Monitoring ports is also important, but it is not the primary action to take with unused ports. Ensuring all ports are used is not necessary and can increase the risk of security vulnerabilities.

An access control list (ACL) is a mechanism used in computer systems to define permissions and restrictions on who can access specific resources or perform certain actions. It is not related to computer names, network resources, or groups of users. Instead, an ACL consists of lists of permissions that determine which users or groups are allowed or denied access to specific files, folders, or other resources. These permissions can include actions such as read, write, execute, or delete, and they specify who can perform these actions and on which resources.

A host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS) consumes resources on the host it resides on and slows that device down. This is because the HIDS needs to continuously monitor and analyze the activities and behaviors of the host in order to detect any potential intrusions or malicious activities. This constant monitoring and analysis can put a strain on the host's resources, such as CPU and memory, leading to decreased performance and slower operation of the device.

Caching is the function in which certain pieces of data from a web page are stored in the firewall to facilitate faster future requests for the same information. This means that when a user requests the same information again, instead of fetching it from the original source, the firewall can provide the cached version, resulting in quicker response times. Caching helps to reduce the load on the network and improves overall performance by serving frequently accessed content from a local cache.

The correct answer is "a mindset." This is because network security is not just about implementing technical measures like configuring firewalls or activating intrusion detection systems. It requires individuals to have a proactive and vigilant mindset towards identifying and addressing potential security risks. This mindset involves understanding the importance of security, staying updated with the latest threats, following best practices, and being cautious while handling sensitive information. Without this mindset, even the most advanced security technologies may not be effective in protecting a network.

The Open System Interconnection (OSI) is not a common service. It is actually a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system. It defines a set of protocols and specifications to enable different systems to communicate with each other. In contrast, FTP, DNS, and HTTP are all common services used in computer networks. FTP is used for transferring files between systems, DNS is used for translating domain names into IP addresses, and HTTP is used for transmitting web pages and other resources on the internet.

Masquerades refer to the attempts made by unauthorized individuals to gain access to a switch system by posing as an authorized user. This involves pretending to be someone else in order to deceive the system and gain unauthorized access. It is a form of social engineering where the attacker tries to exploit trust and bypass security measures. Masquerades can be a serious security threat as they can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information and potential harm to the system.

Boundary protection refers to the practice of securing the base network perimeter using a protection device or system. This involves implementing measures such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and access control mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access and attacks from external sources. By establishing a clear boundary between the internal network and external networks, boundary protection helps to safeguard sensitive information and resources from potential threats.

The concept that best describes the integration of the capabilities of personnel, operations, and technology, and supports the evolution to network centric warfare is defense-in-depth. Defense-in-depth is a strategy that involves layering multiple security measures to protect a network or system. It combines various security tools, firewalls, and information condition (INFOCON) to create a comprehensive defense system. This approach ensures that even if one layer is breached, there are multiple layers of defense to prevent further attacks and minimize the impact of any potential breach.

The correct answer is Two. This suggests that the Air Force has two Integrated Network and Operation Security Centers (INOSC).

Intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) are primarily designed to identify possible incidents and attempt to stop them. They focus on detecting and preventing unauthorized access or malicious activities within a network or system. Reporting incidents to security administrators is also an important function of IDPS as it allows for timely response and mitigation. However, reconfiguring equipment after an incident is not a primary focus of IDPS. While it may be necessary to make changes to the system to prevent future incidents, the main goal of IDPS is to detect and prevent intrusions rather than reconfigure equipment.

A TCP Synchronous (SYN) attack causes the connection queues on the router or switch to fill up and deny service to legitimate TCP traffic. In this type of attack, the attacker sends a large number of SYN requests to the target system, but does not complete the handshake process by sending the final ACK packet. This causes the target system to keep the connection queues occupied, preventing legitimate TCP traffic from being processed and effectively denying service to legitimate users.

A port is a logical connection point for the transmission of information packets. It serves as an interface between the computer and external devices or networks, allowing data to be sent and received. Ports are essential for establishing communication and facilitating the exchange of information between different systems or devices.

Port 23 is used for telnet. Telnet is a network protocol that allows users to remotely access and control devices or computers over a network. It provides a virtual terminal connection to the remote device, allowing users to execute commands and manage the device as if they were physically present. Port 23 is specifically designated for telnet communication, enabling the establishment of a connection between the local and remote devices for remote management and control purposes.

The directory manager is used to import and manage phone numbers in the voice protection system (VPS). This role is responsible for maintaining the directory of phone numbers, adding new numbers, updating existing numbers, and ensuring the accuracy and integrity of the phone number database. The directory manager has the necessary permissions and tools to perform these tasks efficiently and effectively.

A domain name server (DNS) is responsible for translating domain names into their corresponding IP addresses. This allows users to access websites and other online resources by using easy-to-remember domain names instead of having to remember the numerical IP addresses associated with them. Therefore, the correct answer is "Internet protocol (IP) address."

The default read community string of a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent is "PUBLIC." The read community string is used for read-only access to SNMP devices and allows users to retrieve information from the agent. The "PUBLIC" community string is widely known and used as the default value in many SNMP agents, but it is recommended to change it to a more secure string to prevent unauthorized access to the SNMP agent.

The term "freshness" refers to the up-to-dateness or recentness of the cached information. In this context, when the cached information is verified to be up-to-date, it means that the information is current and has not expired. The proxy ensures that the information it serves is fresh and reflects the latest updates or changes. Therefore, freshness is the most appropriate term to describe this situation.

Host-based intrusion detection systems (HIDS) are considered both passive and active because they have the capability to monitor and analyze activities occurring on a specific host or system. The passive aspect involves the system's ability to passively monitor and collect data about events and behaviors on the host, such as log files, system calls, and network traffic. On the other hand, the active aspect refers to the system's ability to take actions in response to detected threats, such as sending alerts, blocking traffic, or initiating countermeasures. Therefore, HIDS can both passively observe and actively respond to potential intrusions.

An active intrusion detection system (IDS) is normally incorporated into firewalls. Firewalls act as a barrier between a trusted internal network and an untrusted external network, monitoring and controlling incoming and outgoing network traffic. By incorporating an IDS into firewalls, it allows for real-time monitoring and detection of any suspicious or malicious activities, providing an additional layer of security to the network. Switches, routers, and servers also play important roles in network security, but they do not typically include IDS functionality.

Using a centralized management console for system management is recommended when using an intrusion detection system (IDS). This allows for easier and more efficient management of the IDS across the entire network. It provides a single interface to monitor and control the IDS, making it easier to detect and respond to potential intrusions. By centralizing the management, it also ensures consistency in policies and configurations across the network, reducing the risk of oversight or misconfiguration.

A network-based intrusion detection system (NIDS) that uses very few network resources is advantageous because it minimizes the impact on the network's performance and bandwidth. By efficiently utilizing network resources, the NIDS can effectively monitor and analyze network traffic without causing significant disruptions or slowing down the network. This enables continuous monitoring and detection of potential intrusions without negatively impacting the network's functionality.

The correct answer is "Ping host." The ping host option in the firewall management interface menu is used to test the connectivity of an interface. It sends a ping request to a specified host and waits for a response. If a response is received, it indicates that the interface is able to communicate with the host, thus confirming connectivity.

A vanilla scan is a type of port scan where the scanner attempts to connect to all ports. This scan is called "vanilla" because it is a basic and straightforward approach to scanning. In a vanilla scan, the scanner sends connection requests to each port on the target system to determine which ports are open and available for communication. This type of scan is commonly used by network administrators and security professionals to assess the security of a network and identify any potential vulnerabilities.

There are two domain name server (DNS) name servers registered as authoritative for each Integrated Network Operation and Security Center (INOSC). This means that there are two DNS servers responsible for providing the IP address associated with a specific domain name within an INOSC.

Traceroute is the correct answer because it is a message type that is used to trace the route that packets take from the source to the destination. It is not necessary for inbound ICMP traffic as it is primarily used for troubleshooting and network analysis purposes. The other message types - Time exceeded, Parameter problem, and Destination unreachable - are all valid and necessary for ICMP traffic to function properly.

Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool that allows an attacker to trace the path that packets take from their computer to the target network. By sending packets with incrementally increasing Time to Live (TTL) values, the attacker can determine the routers and their IP addresses along the path. This information can then be used to create a map of the protected network behind the router or firewall, providing valuable information for potential attacks. Ping, Echo reply, and DNS lookup do not provide the same level of detailed information about the network topology.

Packet capture software captures and stores packets for later viewing and analysis. This software is used to capture network traffic and record it for further examination. By storing the packets, the software allows users to review and analyze the captured data at a later time. This can be helpful for troubleshooting network issues, analyzing network performance, or investigating security incidents. The software does not immediately analyze the information or send it to the firewall, nor does it store packets until a filter is ready to receive the information.

The McAfee Firewall Enterprise SMTP proxy is best used as a frontline defense. This means that it is most effective when deployed as the first line of defense against incoming SMTP traffic. It is designed to analyze and filter incoming email messages, protecting the network from potential threats such as spam, viruses, and other malicious content. By acting as a frontline defense, the SMTP proxy can help prevent these threats from entering the network and causing harm.

An application-level firewall operates at the seventh layer of the OSI model, which is the application layer. This layer is responsible for managing communication between applications and end-users. An application-level firewall can monitor and filter network traffic based on specific application protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, or SMTP. By operating at this layer, the firewall can provide more granular control over network traffic and enforce security policies based on application-specific rules and behaviors.

The correct answer is the President’s National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee. This committee released a report that highlighted the vulnerabilities of voice and data converged networks. The report likely discussed the potential risks and threats to these networks, emphasizing the importance of ensuring their security.

A synchronous (SYN) scan is also known as a half open scan because it involves sending a SYN packet to the target host and waiting for a response. If the host responds with a SYN-ACK packet, it means the port is open. However, instead of completing the handshake by sending an ACK packet, the scanner sends a RST packet to reset the connection. This approach allows the scanner to determine if a port is open without fully establishing a connection, making it a half open scan.

A burb can be best defined as a set of one or more interfaces. In computer networking, a burb refers to a logical or physical grouping of network interfaces. It allows for the segmentation and separation of network traffic based on specific requirements or security policies. By grouping interfaces together, network administrators can manage and control the flow of data more effectively, ensuring that it is directed to the appropriate destinations. Therefore, a burb can be understood as a collection of interfaces that are organized and configured to serve a specific purpose within a network.

Disabling all SNMP devices/services if not required is the correct answer because it helps to limit the risks associated with using SNMP. By disabling SNMP on devices that do not require it, potential vulnerabilities and attack vectors are eliminated. This reduces the potential for unauthorized access, data breaches, and other security risks. Disabling unnecessary SNMP devices/services is a proactive measure to enhance network security and protect sensitive information.

IP filters start by blocking all traffic. This means that when an IP filter is implemented, it will block all incoming and outgoing traffic by default. This is done as a security measure to prevent any unauthorized access or malicious activities from occurring on the network. By blocking all traffic, the network administrator can then selectively allow certain types of traffic based on specific criteria or rules that have been set. This helps in ensuring the safety and integrity of the network.

The ESM agent is considered the workhorse of the Enterprise Security Manager (ESM) system because it is responsible for collecting and analyzing security event data from various sources within the network. The ESM agent continuously monitors the network, detects any security threats or anomalies, and sends this information to the ESM manager for further analysis and response. It acts as the main component that performs the essential tasks of data collection and event management in the ESM system.

Automated security incident measurement (ASIM) is the primary intrusion/misuse tool used in the Air Force Enterprise Network (AFEN). ASIM is a software system that monitors and analyzes network traffic to detect and respond to security incidents. It provides real-time visibility into network activity, identifies potential threats, and helps in preventing unauthorized access or misuse of the network. ASIM plays a crucial role in maintaining the security and integrity of the AFEN by continuously monitoring and analyzing network traffic for any suspicious or malicious activity.

The Enterprise Telephony Management (ETM) system provides enterprise-wide visibility into telecom resource utilization, phone network usage, and incidents of toll fraud. This system is specifically designed to manage and monitor an organization's telephony infrastructure, allowing administrators to track and analyze various aspects of their telecommunications network. It helps in identifying and addressing issues related to resource utilization, network performance, and security, including incidents of toll fraud. By providing comprehensive visibility and control over telephony resources, the ETM system enables organizations to optimize their telecom operations and ensure efficient and secure communication.

Zone transfers occur over TCP port 53. This is the default port used by the DNS (Domain Name System) protocol for zone transfers. DNS zone transfers are used to replicate DNS data between primary and secondary DNS servers, allowing for redundancy and fault tolerance in the DNS infrastructure. By using TCP for zone transfers, it ensures reliable and accurate data transfer between DNS servers.

Network-level firewalls are typically used when speed is essential because they operate at the network layer of the OSI model. They focus on filtering and inspecting network traffic based on IP addresses, ports, and protocols, which allows them to process large amounts of data quickly. In contrast, application-level firewalls operate at the application layer and perform more in-depth analysis of network traffic, which can slow down the processing speed. Therefore, network-level firewalls are the preferred choice when speed is a priority.

The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to map an IP address to a MAC address on a network. In the context of firewall management, the ARP menu option would allow the user to view the association between MAC addresses and their corresponding IP addresses. This is important for network administrators to ensure that the correct devices are being allowed or denied access through the firewall based on their MAC and IP addresses.

Using external burb-to-internal burb connections can pose high security risks. This is because external networks are typically more vulnerable to attacks and threats compared to internal networks. Allowing direct connections between these networks increases the chances of unauthorized access, data breaches, and the spread of malware. To mitigate these risks, it is common practice to implement strong security measures, such as firewalls and access controls, to protect internal networks from external threats.

When using secure split mail services, all external SMTP hosts will connect to the external sendmail server. This server is responsible for receiving and sending emails from external sources. It acts as a gateway between the external SMTP hosts and the internal network, ensuring that all incoming and outgoing emails are properly filtered and secured. By connecting to the external sendmail server, the external SMTP hosts can communicate with the internal network without directly accessing the local server or the non-Internet server.

A mail relay server functions as a simple message transfer protocol (SMTP) gateway and virus scanner. It receives incoming emails from external sources and then forwards them to the appropriate internal mail server. In addition to transferring messages, it also scans the emails for any potential viruses or malware before delivering them to the intended recipients. This helps to protect the internal network from any malicious threats that may be present in the incoming emails.

The correct answer is consolidating your voice with your data using virtual local area networks (VLAN). This is because consolidating voice and data traffic on the same VLAN can increase the risk of attacks and compromises the security of the IP telephony system. By separating voice and data traffic using separate VLANs, it helps to enhance security by isolating and protecting the voice traffic from potential threats.

Proxies act as intermediaries between users and the internet, allowing organizations to monitor and control internet access. By redirecting internet traffic through a proxy server, organizations can track users' online activities and obtain visibility of their browsing habits. This helps organizations enforce security policies, monitor employee productivity, and ensure compliance with regulations. Therefore, proxies do not prevent organizations from obtaining visibility of users.

The launch pad for voice protection system (VPS) applications is the system console. This is where the user can access and control the VPS applications, managing and monitoring their performance and functionality. The system console provides a centralized interface for administrators to configure and maintain the VPS applications, ensuring the security and integrity of voice communications.