State Board Exam: Cosmetology Quiz!

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1. While shampooing, protect the client's face and ears from water spray with

Explanation

When shampooing, protecting the client's face and ears from water spray with your hand is the most appropriate option. This is because using your hand allows for better control and precision in directing the water spray away from the client's face and ears. It also provides a more personal and attentive touch, ensuring the client's comfort and safety during the shampooing process. Using a cape, neck strip, or apron may not be as effective in shielding the client's face and ears from water spray.

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About This Quiz
State Board Exam: Cosmetology Quiz! - Quiz

The 'State Board Exam: Cosmetology Quiz' assesses key cosmetology skills, focusing on hair color correction, facial shape styling, chemical treatments, and more. It prepares candidates for state licensure,... see moretesting practical knowledge and application in real-world scenarios. see less

2. Manicuring implements must be disinfected or discarded

Explanation

Manicuring implements must be disinfected or discarded after every service to maintain proper hygiene and prevent the spread of bacteria and infections. This is essential as the implements come into contact with the client's nails, skin, and potentially blood. Disinfecting or discarding them after each service ensures that any potential pathogens are eliminated, reducing the risk of cross-contamination between clients. Regular disinfection is a standard practice in the beauty industry to ensure the safety and well-being of both clients and technicians.

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3. To be a good communicator, you also have to be

Explanation

Being a good communicator requires not only the ability to convey information effectively but also to actively listen to others. By being a good listener, one can understand the needs and perspectives of others, which helps in building rapport and trust. It allows for effective two-way communication and promotes better understanding. Therefore, being a good listener is an essential trait for being a good communicator.

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4. Hair is primarily composed of

Explanation

Hair is primarily composed of keratin, a fibrous protein that is also found in the outer layer of the skin and nails. Keratin provides strength and structure to the hair shaft, making it resilient and durable. It is responsible for the texture, elasticity, and overall health of the hair. Trace minerals, protons, and electrons are not the primary components of hair and do not contribute to its structure or composition.

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5. In a salon, contagious disease may be spread through direct contact betwen people or through the use of

Explanation

In a salon, contagious diseases can be spread through direct contact between people or through the use of unsanitary tools and supplies. This is because if the tools and supplies are not properly cleaned and disinfected, they can harbor bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that can be transmitted from one client to another. Therefore, it is important for salons to maintain strict hygiene practices and regularly sanitize their tools and supplies to prevent the spread of contagious diseases.

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6. Do NOT give a permanent wave if what exists?

Explanation

Giving a permanent wave involves the use of chemicals and heat, which can further irritate and damage the scalp if there are existing abrasions. Therefore, it is not recommended to give a permanent wave if there are scalp abrasions present.

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7. In order the raise a client's head so you can shampoo the back of the head, you should

Explanation

To shampoo the back of the client's head, it is necessary to support their head with your hand. This ensures that the client's head remains stable and in the desired position throughout the shampooing process. Asking the client to support their own head may not provide enough stability, and asking them to turn around would not be necessary if you can support their head directly. Asking another stylist to support the client's head may not be practical or efficient. Therefore, supporting the client's head with your hand is the most appropriate and effective solution.

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8. Texturizing is also referred to as

Explanation

Texturizing is a hairstyling technique that involves thinning out the hair to create texture and remove bulk. It is often used to add movement and reduce the weight of thick hair. Thinning is the correct answer because it accurately describes the process of removing excess hair to achieve a desired texture and style. The other options, cross-checking, sectioning, and parting, are not synonymous with texturizing and do not accurately describe the technique.

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9. Under-processing is caused by:

Explanation

Under-processing occurs when the hair is not left in the waving lotion for a sufficient amount of time. This can happen if the processing time is too short, resulting in weak or ineffective curls. Insufficient processing time can be caused by rushing through the process or not following the recommended instructions. It is important to allow enough time for the waving lotion to properly penetrate and reshape the hair.

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10. When retouching a client's hair with a sodium hydroxide relaxer, you should

Explanation

When retouching a client's hair with a sodium hydroxide relaxer, it is recommended to relax the new growth only. This is because sodium hydroxide relaxers are strong and can cause damage to already processed hair. By relaxing only the new growth, the stylist can avoid over-processing the hair and minimize the risk of breakage or damage. This approach allows for maintaining the desired straightness and texture while promoting healthy hair growth.

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11. Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Explanation

The skin is not responsible for digestion. Digestion is the process of breaking down food in the body, which primarily occurs in the digestive system. The skin's main functions include protection, sensation, and excretion. It acts as a barrier against external threats, allows us to feel different sensations, and helps eliminate waste through sweat. However, digestion is not one of the functions performed by the skin.

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12. Which of the following is considered a cool color?

Explanation

Blue is considered a cool color because it is often associated with calmness, tranquility, and a sense of relaxation. It is commonly used to create a soothing and peaceful atmosphere. Additionally, blue is often associated with water and the sky, further enhancing its cool and calming qualities.

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13. A towel or neck strip is placed under the cape when draping a client:

Explanation

A towel or neck strip is placed under the cape when draping a client for sanitary reasons. This is because it helps to protect the client's skin and clothing from any hair clippings, chemicals, or other products that may come into contact during the hairdressing process. By using a towel or neck strip, it helps to maintain cleanliness and hygiene in the salon or barbershop, ensuring a safe and comfortable experience for the client.

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14. Where is the first cut made when low-elevation haircutting with shears?

Explanation

In low-elevation haircutting with shears, the first cut is made at the nape. The nape is the back of the neck, which is typically the starting point for many haircuts. Cutting at the nape allows for a structured and even base to build upon when creating the desired hairstyle.

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15. Hair's ability to absorb moisture is called

Explanation

Porosity refers to the hair's ability to absorb moisture. It is a measure of how easily moisture can penetrate the hair shaft. Hair with high porosity absorbs moisture quickly and easily, while hair with low porosity has difficulty absorbing moisture. The correct answer, "porosity," accurately describes this characteristic of hair. Elasticity, viscosity, and pigmentation are not related to the hair's ability to absorb moisture.

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16. Backcombing is used to

Explanation

Backcombing is a technique used to add volume to a hairstyle. It involves combing the hair against its natural direction, towards the roots, creating a lifted and fuller appearance. This technique is commonly used to create height and texture in hairstyles, especially for those with fine or thin hair. By teasing the hair with a comb or brush, it creates a temporary lift and adds volume to the hair, giving it a more voluminous and fuller look.

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17. When using hot wax, you should test the temperature by

Explanation

To ensure the safety and comfort of the client, it is important to test the temperature of hot wax before applying it. Spreading a small amount of wax on your arm allows you to gauge if the temperature is suitable for the client's skin. This method helps to prevent any potential burns or discomfort that may occur if the wax is too hot. By testing the temperature on your arm, you can ensure a safe and pleasant waxing experience for the client.

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18. The relaxer cream is applied near the scalp last because processing is accelerated in this area by

Explanation

The relaxer cream is applied near the scalp last because body heat accelerates the processing of the cream in this area. The scalp naturally produces heat, which helps to activate the chemicals in the relaxer cream and achieve the desired results. Applying the cream near the scalp last allows it to have more time to process and straighten the hair effectively. Additionally, the proximity of the scalp to the roots ensures that the new growth is properly treated, resulting in a more uniform and long-lasting straightening effect.

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19. Which is an INCORRECT statement about head lice?

Explanation

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20. Before lightening a client's hair, you should do all of the following EXCEPT

Explanation

Before lightening a client's hair, it is important to perform a strand test to determine the desired outcome and potential damage. Analyzing the hair and scalp helps in identifying any underlying issues or sensitivities. Putting protective cream around the neckline prevents the bleach or lightening agents from irritating the skin. However, brushing the hair vigorously is not necessary and can cause damage or breakage, especially when the hair is already being treated with chemicals.

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21. The exchange of thoughts, ideas, or feelings with someone is called

Explanation

Communication refers to the exchange of thoughts, ideas, or feelings with someone. It involves the transmission of information through verbal or non-verbal means, such as speaking, writing, gestures, or body language. Public relations, personality, and language are all related to communication but do not encompass its complete definition. Public relations involves managing the spread of information between an organization and its publics, personality refers to an individual's unique characteristics, and language is a system of communication. Therefore, communication is the most suitable answer as it encompasses the general concept of exchanging thoughts, ideas, or feelings with someone.

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22. The pH scale is a unit of measurement that indicates whether a substance is

Explanation

The pH scale is a measurement scale that ranges from 0 to 14 and is used to determine the acidity or alkalinity of a substance. A pH value below 7 indicates acidity, a pH value above 7 indicates alkalinity, and a pH value of 7 indicates neutrality. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" because the pH scale covers all three possibilities of a substance being acidic, alkaline, or neutral.

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23. Which face shape looks good with almost any hairstyle?

Explanation

Oval face shape looks good with almost any hairstyle because it is considered the most balanced and versatile face shape. The oval shape has balanced proportions, with slightly wider cheekbones and a gently rounded jawline. This shape allows for a wide range of hairstyles to complement it, whether it's short, long, curly, or straight. Oval faces can pull off various haircuts and styles without being limited by any specific features, making it the most adaptable face shape for different hairstyles.

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24. The purpose of universal sanitation is to

Explanation

Universal sanitation is implemented to ensure that all individuals have access to clean and hygienic sanitation facilities. By creating a safe environment, universal sanitation helps to prevent the spread of diseases, including AIDS, by maintaining proper hygiene standards. It is not primarily aimed at preventing lawsuits or creating a mere impression of cleanliness, but rather focuses on promoting health and well-being by providing adequate sanitation facilities for everyone.

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25. You should apply waving lotion to the

Explanation

The correct answer is to apply waving lotion to the top and bottom of each rod. This ensures that the entire rod is coated with the lotion, allowing for an even and consistent wave pattern. Applying the lotion only to the top of each rod may result in an uneven wave, as the bottom portion of the hair may not receive enough product.

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26. Warm toned colors are made primarily of

Explanation

Warm toned colors are made primarily of reds and yellows. These colors are associated with warmth and energy. Reds evoke feelings of passion and intensity, while yellows are often associated with happiness and positivity. When combined, they create a vibrant and inviting color palette.

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27. When giving a soft-curl perm, you should take a test curl frequently in order to ensure

Explanation

When giving a soft-curl perm, it is important to take a test curl frequently to ensure that the hair is curling properly but not becoming damaged. This is because the chemical process involved in perming can be harsh on the hair, and leaving the solution on for too long or using too much heat can result in damage. By regularly checking the test curl, the stylist can determine if the hair is curling as desired without being over-processed or harmed in any way.

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28. What should you put on resistant hair before you apply permanent color?

Explanation

Before applying permanent color on resistant hair, it is recommended to use a pre-softener. This product helps to prepare the hair by softening and opening up the cuticles, allowing the color to penetrate more effectively. By using a pre-softener, the color will be able to adhere better to the resistant hair, resulting in more even and long-lasting color results.

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29. How do you determine which products to use for a facial?

Explanation

To determine which products to use for a facial, it is important to analyze the client's skin. This involves assessing their skin type, concerns, and any specific conditions they may have. By understanding their skin, such as whether it is dry, oily, or sensitive, and identifying any issues like acne or aging, the appropriate products can be selected. This allows for a personalized approach, ensuring that the client receives the most suitable and effective treatment for their specific needs.

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30. A good haircut is

Explanation

A good haircut is the foundation for all salon hair services because it sets the stage for any further styling or treatments. A well-executed haircut provides the necessary shape and structure for other services such as coloring, styling, and treatments to enhance the overall look. Without a good haircut as a starting point, it would be challenging to achieve desired results in any other salon hair service.

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31. The most natural and attractive shape of the eyebrow is

Explanation

The most natural and attractive shape of the eyebrow is an arch that follows the curved shape of the eye socket. This is because the natural shape of the eye socket is curved, and an arched eyebrow complements and enhances the natural contours of the face. It creates a visually pleasing and balanced appearance, framing the eyes and adding definition to the overall facial structure.

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32. Which statement about hair lightening is CORRECT?

Explanation

Very dark hair may be damaged by extreme lightening because the process of lightening involves stripping the hair of its natural pigment. The darker the hair, the more pigment it contains, making it more difficult to lighten without causing damage. Extreme lightening can lead to hair becoming dry, brittle, and prone to breakage. Therefore, it is important to be cautious when lightening very dark hair to minimize the risk of damage.

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33. Your client will most likely accept suggestions about hair color services when you

Explanation

When suggesting hair color services to a client, it is important to base the suggestions on the client's needs and lifestyle. This approach ensures that the client's preferences, hair type, and daily routine are taken into consideration, resulting in a personalized recommendation. By understanding the client's needs and lifestyle, the hairstylist can suggest hair colors that will complement their overall look and suit their maintenance preferences. This approach increases the likelihood of the client accepting the suggestions and being satisfied with the end result.

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34. The technical name for the nail is

Explanation

The technical name for the nail is "onyx" because onyx refers to the hard, protective covering of the nail. It is derived from the Greek word "onychos," meaning "nail." The onyx is composed of keratin and helps to protect the fingertip and provide support. The term "onyx" is commonly used in medical and anatomical contexts to describe the nail structure.

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35. Whichh is the quickest way to lighten hair?

Explanation

Powder or paste bleach is the quickest way to lighten hair. Bleach contains chemicals that can remove the natural color pigments from the hair shaft, resulting in lighter hair. Powder or paste bleach is typically mixed with a developer and applied to the hair for a certain amount of time, depending on the desired lightness. This process is commonly used in hair salons and can achieve significant lightening results in a short period of time.

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36. The primary reason to know the laws of color is so you can

Explanation

Knowing the laws of color is important in order to formulate the client's desired color. By understanding the principles of color theory, such as the color wheel and complementary colors, a hairstylist can create a customized hair color that meets the client's expectations. This involves selecting the right combination of colors and understanding how they will interact and blend together. Formulating the desired color also requires knowledge of color levels and tones, as well as the ability to mix and apply hair color products accurately.

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37. What action of the cosmetologist is required by Federal Law prior to a color treatment?

Explanation

Prior to a color treatment, a cosmetologist is required by Federal Law to perform a predisposition (patch) test. This test helps determine if the client has any allergies or sensitivities to the hair color products that will be used during the treatment. It is a safety measure to prevent any adverse reactions or harm to the client's skin or hair.

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38. The action of sodium hydroxide relaxer causes the hair to

Explanation

When sodium hydroxide relaxer is applied to the hair, it causes the hair to soften and swell. This is because sodium hydroxide is an alkaline substance that breaks down the protein bonds in the hair, allowing it to become more pliable and easier to manipulate. The swelling of the hair also helps to straighten it, as it expands and loses its natural curl pattern. Therefore, the correct answer is "soften and swell".

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39. The method of cleaning instruments that kills all microorganisms including bacterial spores is

Explanation

Sterilization is the correct answer because it refers to the method of cleaning instruments that eliminates all microorganisms including bacterial spores. This process ensures that the instruments are completely free from any potential pathogens, making them safe for use in medical or laboratory settings. Decontamination, sanitation, and washing may remove some microorganisms but do not guarantee the eradication of all types, including bacterial spores.

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40. Processing for a waving lotion depends on the hair's

Explanation

The correct answer is porosity and texture. Processing for a waving lotion depends on the hair's porosity, which refers to how easily the hair can absorb and retain moisture. Porosity affects how well the hair can hold a curl or wave. Additionally, the texture of the hair, which refers to the thickness and diameter of each individual strand, also plays a role in how well the waving lotion will work. Different textures may require different processing times or techniques to achieve the desired result.

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41. Which is the chemical symbol for hydrogen peroxide?

Explanation

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound composed of two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms, making its chemical formula H2O2. It is commonly used as a disinfectant, bleaching agent, and oxidizer. The other options listed, H2O, H2SO4, and NaOH, do not represent the chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide.

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42. Another term for thermal waving is

Explanation

Marcel waving is another term for thermal waving. This technique involves using a heated curling iron to create waves in the hair. It is named after Francois Marcel, a French hairdresser who popularized this method in the early 20th century. Finger waving, roller setting, and dry hairstyling are different techniques used to style hair, but they do not involve the use of heat to create waves like marcel waving does.

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43. Why is it important for today's cosmetologists to learn finger waving?

Explanation

Learning finger waving is important for today's cosmetologists because it provides useful training for other hairstyling techniques. Finger waving involves creating waves and curls using only the fingers, without the need for heat or styling tools. This technique helps cosmetologists develop their dexterity and precision, which are essential skills in various hairstyling methods. By mastering finger waving, cosmetologists can enhance their ability to create different hairstyles and cater to the diverse preferences of their clients. This versatility in hairstyling techniques ultimately benefits both the cosmetologist's career prospects and the satisfaction of their clients.

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44. The Material Safety Data Sheet for a disinfectant will tell you

Explanation

The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides information on how to use and store the disinfectant product. It includes instructions on the proper application and handling of the product to ensure its effective and safe use. The MSDS also provides information on any precautions or safety measures that need to be taken when using the product, such as wearing protective equipment or avoiding contact with certain surfaces. Additionally, the MSDS may include information on the product's stability, storage conditions, and shelf life to ensure its longevity and effectiveness.

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45. Sebaceous glands are NOT found in which of the following areas of the skin

Explanation

Sebaceous glands are responsible for producing sebum, an oily substance that helps to lubricate and protect the skin. These glands are found throughout the skin, except in the palms of the hands. The palms of the hands do not have sebaceous glands because the skin in this area is thick and covered with sweat glands instead.

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46. When blocking the hair, how big must the sections be?

Explanation

The sections when blocking the hair should be the same size as the diameter of the rod. This ensures that the hair is evenly distributed and properly styled. Using sections that are smaller or larger than the diameter of the rod may result in an uneven or inconsistent hairstyle.

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47. When sitting in a chair, it is to

Explanation

Sitting well back in a chair is the correct answer because it promotes good posture and provides support to the lower back. Sitting in this position helps distribute body weight evenly and reduces strain on the spine. It also allows for better alignment of the head, neck, and shoulders, preventing discomfort and potential injuries. Sitting well back in a chair ensures a stable and balanced position, enhancing comfort and reducing the risk of developing musculoskeletal issues.

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48. Hot oil manicures are partially effective on

Explanation

Hot oil manicures are a treatment that involves soaking the nails in warm oil to moisturize and strengthen them. This can be beneficial for brittle nails, as the heat and oil can help to hydrate and nourish the nails, making them less prone to breaking and splitting. However, hot oil manicures may not be as effective for soft or diseased nails, as these conditions may require different treatments or medical intervention. Therefore, the correct answer is brittle nails.

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49. Trichology is the study of

Explanation

Trichology is the study of hair. This field focuses on understanding the structure, function, and health of hair, as well as the causes and treatments for hair loss and scalp conditions. Trichologists are experts in diagnosing and treating hair and scalp disorders, providing advice on hair care and products, and helping individuals maintain healthy hair. They play a crucial role in addressing various hair-related concerns and promoting overall hair health.

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50. What is the cell reproducer of the nail?

Explanation

The matrix is the correct answer because it is the part of the nail responsible for cell reproduction. It is located at the base of the nail and produces new cells that push the old cells forward, causing the nail to grow. The matrix is essential for nail growth and the production of healthy nails.

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51. When you chemically relax a client's hair with a "no base" relaxer, you should always

Explanation

When chemically relaxing a client's hair with a "no base" relaxer, it is important to apply a protective cream to the hairline and ears. This is because the relaxer can be harsh on the skin and cause irritation or burns. By applying a protective cream to these areas, it creates a barrier between the relaxer and the skin, reducing the risk of any adverse reactions. Applying the cream only to the hairline and ears is sufficient as these are the areas most prone to contact with the relaxer.

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52. Texturizing can

Explanation

Texturizing techniques in hairstyling can serve multiple purposes. They can reduce bulk and create support by removing excess weight and adding structure to the hair. They can also create visual texture by adding dimension and movement to the hairstyle. Additionally, texturizing can create fullness and mobility, giving the hair a voluminous and bouncy appearance. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as texturizing can achieve all these effects.

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53. The medical term for dandruff is

Explanation

Dandruff, a common scalp condition characterized by flaking skin, is medically termed "pityriasis simplex capillitii." This term distinguishes it from other scalp conditions with similar symptoms, such as seborrheic dermatitis (a more inflammatory form of dandruff) and psoriasis (an autoimmune condition causing skin cell buildup).

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54. The study of the structure, functions, and diseases of the muscles is called

Explanation

Myology is the correct answer because it refers to the study of the structure, functions, and diseases of the muscles. It specifically focuses on understanding the muscles' anatomy, physiology, and how they work together to facilitate movement in the body. This field of study allows researchers and healthcare professionals to gain insights into muscle-related conditions, develop treatment strategies, and improve overall muscle health. Striation refers to the striped appearance of certain muscles, mentalis refers to a specific facial muscle, and osteology refers to the study of bones, which are not directly related to the study of muscles.

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55. The main active ingredient in an alkaline perm is

Explanation

Ammonium thioglycolate is the main active ingredient in an alkaline perm. This chemical is responsible for breaking and reforming the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped and curled. Hydrogen peroxide is commonly used in hair bleaching or coloring processes, but it is not the main ingredient in an alkaline perm. Glycerol and potassium bromate are not typically used in perm solutions.

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56. After rinsing the waving lotion from the hair, you should

Explanation

After rinsing the waving lotion from the hair, it is important to blot off excess water. This step is necessary to remove any remaining product and water from the hair before applying the neutralizer. Blotting off excess water helps to ensure that the neutralizer can effectively work on the hair, as any water left in the hair may dilute the neutralizer and affect the desired results. Additionally, blotting off excess water prepares the hair for the next steps of blow drying, setting, and styling, as it helps to minimize dripping and create a clean and manageable base for further styling.

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57. The outermost and thinnest layer of the skin is the

Explanation

The epidermis is the correct answer because it is the outermost and thinnest layer of the skin. It acts as a protective barrier against external factors such as bacteria, UV radiation, and chemicals. The epidermis also contains melanocytes, which produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. Additionally, the epidermis is constantly renewing itself through a process called cell turnover, where old skin cells are shed and replaced with new ones.

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58. Which bonds are individually very weak?

Explanation

Both hydrogen bonds and salt bonds are individually very weak. Hydrogen bonds occur when a hydrogen atom is attracted to an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. These bonds are relatively weak compared to covalent or ionic bonds. Salt bonds, also known as ionic bonds, occur when oppositely charged ions attract each other. While ionic bonds are stronger than hydrogen bonds, they are still relatively weak compared to covalent bonds. Therefore, both A (hydrogen) and B (salt) bonds are individually very weak.

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59. The haircut with a constant elevation of 90 degrees will result in

Explanation

A haircut with a constant elevation of 90 degrees means that the hair is cut straight across at a 90-degree angle from the head. This technique creates layers that are all the same length because the hair is cut at the same angle throughout. It does not create a blunt cut with no layers because the hair is cut at an angle, and it does not create graduation with added fullness at the crown because the hair is not cut shorter at the crown.

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60. Proper conduct in relationships with employers, coworkers, and clients is referred to as

Explanation

Professional ethics refers to the proper conduct and behavior expected in relationships with employers, coworkers, and clients. It involves adhering to a set of moral principles and values that guide one's actions and decisions in a professional setting. This includes maintaining integrity, honesty, respect, and confidentiality, as well as fulfilling responsibilities and obligations towards others. Professional ethics ensures a positive and ethical work environment, fosters trust and credibility, and enhances professional relationships.

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61. The hair cuticle is the

Explanation

The hair cuticle is the outermost layer of the hair shaft. It is composed of overlapping sheets of transparent protective cells. This layer acts as a barrier, protecting the inner layers of the hair from damage and external factors such as heat, chemicals, and UV rays. The overlapping structure of the cuticle cells also helps to keep the hair shaft smooth and prevents tangling.

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62. When using _____ elevation, the hair is held straight out from the head while cutting

Explanation

When using high elevation, the hair is held straight out from the head while cutting. This means that the hair is lifted to a higher angle, resulting in a more dramatic and layered effect. High elevation is often used when creating layers or adding volume to the hair. It allows for more movement and texture in the final hairstyle.

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63. Which of the following guidelines is true if your client has a round facial shape?

Explanation

If a client has a round facial shape, adding height at the crown can create the illusion of a longer face and balance out the roundness. This technique helps to elongate the face and make it appear more oval-shaped. By adding height at the crown, it draws the eye upwards and creates a vertical line, which helps to counteract the roundness of the face.

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64. Relaxers with ammonium thioglycolate differ from relaxers with sodium hydroxide because thio is

Explanation

Relaxers with ammonium thioglycolate are milder compared to relaxers with sodium hydroxide. This is because thio is gentler on the hair and scalp, causing less damage and potential for chemical burns. Sodium hydroxide relaxers, on the other hand, are stronger and more aggressive, making them more dangerous and harsher on the hair and scalp.

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65. The nail is mainly composed of

Explanation

The nail is mainly composed of hard keratin. Keratin is a tough protein that provides strength and protection to various parts of our body, including nails. Hard keratin is specifically found in nails, which allows them to grow and provide a protective covering for the fingertips. Melanin is responsible for the color of our hair, skin, and nails. Soft keratin is found in the outer layer of the skin and helps in maintaining its flexibility. Blood is not a component of the nail structure.

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66. The pH of skin, hair, and scalp is in the range

Explanation

The pH of skin, hair, and scalp is in the range of 4.5 to 5.5. This is because the skin's natural protective barrier, known as the acid mantle, has a slightly acidic pH. This acidic pH helps to maintain the skin's moisture balance, prevent the growth of harmful bacteria, and protect against environmental damage. Additionally, the slightly acidic pH of the scalp helps to keep the hair cuticles closed, resulting in smoother and shinier hair.

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67. Which of the following problems is due to an over-production of sebum?

Explanation

Seborrhea is a condition characterized by an overproduction of sebum, which is an oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin. This excessive production of sebum can lead to oily skin, clogged pores, and the development of acne. Therefore, seborrhea is the correct answer as it directly relates to the overproduction of sebum.

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68. When giving a soft-curl perm, apply thio until hair on all rods is thoroughly saturated, then

Explanation

When giving a soft-curl perm, it is important to ensure that the hair on all rods is thoroughly saturated with thio. After this step, the next appropriate action would be to replace the saturated cotton. This is because the cotton absorbs the excess thio and helps in the perming process. By replacing the saturated cotton, it ensures that the excess thio is removed from the hair, preventing any potential damage or over-processing.

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69. Which statement about the use of a razor for haircutting is INCORRECT?

Explanation

The incorrect statement is "when combing the hair, put the razor down and hold the comb in your dominant hand." This statement suggests that the razor should be put down while combing the hair, which is not the correct technique. In haircutting, the razor is typically held in the dominant hand while combing the hair with the other hand.

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70. The occipital bone forms the back and base of the

Explanation

The occipital bone is a bone located at the back and base of the cranium, which is the skull. It forms the lower part of the back of the skull and helps protect the brain and spinal cord. The occipital bone connects with other bones of the cranium and provides support and structure to the head. Therefore, the correct answer is cranium.

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71. Which finger(s) control the cutting movement of the thinning shears?

Explanation

The thumb is responsible for controlling the cutting movement of the thinning shears. It is the finger that provides the necessary pressure and movement to operate the shears effectively. The other fingers may assist in holding the shears, but the thumb plays the primary role in controlling the cutting action.

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72. A client as a level 7 red-orange brassy looking hair.  What is the best choice for neutralizing this color?

Explanation

The best choice for neutralizing a level 7 red-orange brassy hair color would be a level 6 blue-green. Blue-green is opposite on the color wheel to red-orange, so it can effectively counteract the unwanted warm tones in the hair. Choosing a level 6 ensures that the color is not too dark or too light, providing a balanced result.

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73. What happens to each individual hair strand when an aniline derivative (oxidation) tint is mixed with hydrogen peroxide and applied to the hair?

Explanation

When an aniline derivative (oxidation) tint is mixed with hydrogen peroxide and applied to the hair, the cortex of each individual hair strand swells. This swelling allows the pigment molecules from the tint to enter the cortex and penetrate the hair shaft, resulting in the absorption of color by the hair.

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74. Nail polish should be applied

Explanation

The correct answer is "using light, sweeping strokes." When applying nail polish, it is recommended to use light, sweeping strokes. This technique helps to evenly distribute the polish and prevent streaks or clumps. Applying the polish from the free edge to the base ensures that the entire nail is covered. Starting with the sides first helps to create a clean and neat application. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

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75. The free edge of the nail is filed in what direction?

Explanation

When filing the free edge of the nail, it is recommended to file in a single direction from the corner towards the center. This helps to prevent splitting or damage to the nail. Filing in the opposite direction (center to corner) can cause the nail to weaken and become prone to breakage. Therefore, the correct direction to file the free edge of the nail is from the corner to the center.

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76. A kneading movement used in massage is

Explanation

Petrissage is a kneading movement used in massage. It involves applying pressure and manipulating the muscles and tissues with a squeezing, rolling, or kneading motion. This technique helps to increase blood flow, relax muscles, and relieve tension. It is commonly used in deep tissue massages to target specific areas and release muscle knots or trigger points. Friction, effleurage, and percussion are also massage techniques, but they involve different movements and serve different purposes.

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77. The chemical often required in addition to the chemical relaxer is

Explanation

Stabilizer = neutralizer

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78. A client requests a style with no laters, but angled toward her face.  Which elevation would you use?

Explanation

The client requests a style with no layers but angled toward her face. A 0-degree elevation would be appropriate in this case. This means that the hair will be cut straight across without any elevation or angle. This will create a style that is not layered but still angled towards the face as requested by the client.

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79. Wet hair stretches what percent of its lenggth?

Explanation

Wet hair stretches approximately 40 to 50 percent of its length. When hair is wet, it becomes more elastic due to the water penetrating the hair shaft. This allows the hair to stretch without breaking easily. Therefore, wet hair can be stretched up to 40 to 50 percent longer than its original length before it reaches its breaking point.

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80. The moveable attachment of the muscle is called

Explanation

The moveable attachment of a muscle is called the insertion of the muscle. This is where the muscle attaches to the bone that it moves when it contracts. The other end of the muscle, which remains fixed and does not move during contraction, is called the origin of the muscle. The body of the muscle refers to the main portion of the muscle between its origin and insertion. Aponeurosis, on the other hand, is a flat sheet of connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones or other muscles.

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81. A projection angle of 45 degrees is considered what type of elevation?

Explanation

A projection angle of 45 degrees is considered a medium elevation. This is because a 45-degree angle is neither too low nor too high. It is an angle that falls in the middle range, making it a medium elevation.

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82. Face powder serves all of the following functions EXCEPT to

Explanation

Face powder serves all of the given functions, including concealing minor blemishes, making the skin smooth and soft, and helping set the makeup in place. However, it does not serve the function of taking the place of foundation. Foundation is a base makeup product that provides coverage and evens out the skin tone, while face powder is used to set the foundation and provide a matte finish.

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83. Which layer of the skin contains the melanocytes that give skin its color?

Explanation

The stratum germivatium layer is the correct answer because it is the deepest layer of the epidermis where the melanocytes are located. Melanocytes are responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives color to the skin. This layer is also involved in the production of new skin cells through cell division. The dermis, reticular layer, and subcutaneous layer are not directly involved in the production of melanocytes or skin color.

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84. What is the pH range of a sodium hydroxide relaxer?

Explanation

Sodium hydroxide is a strong base, and its pH range is typically high. A pH range of 12 to 14 is highly alkaline, indicating that it is a strong base. This pH range is commonly found in sodium hydroxide relaxers, which are used for hair straightening. The high pH helps to break down the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped and straightened. Therefore, the correct answer is 12 to 14.

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85. Which layer of the hair contains color pigment?

Explanation

The cortex layer of the hair contains color pigment. This layer is located beneath the cuticle and surrounds the medulla. The cortex is responsible for giving the hair its natural color, as it contains melanin, the pigment that determines the color of the hair.

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86. Why might hair need pre-lightening prior to applying a tint or toner?

Explanation

Pre-lightening may be necessary before applying a tint or toner to remove any residual natural color present in the hair. This is because the natural color can interfere with the desired result of the tint or toner, leading to an inaccurate or undesired color outcome. By pre-lightening the hair, any remaining natural color is stripped away, creating a blank canvas for the tint or toner to be applied and achieve the desired color result.

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87. On which type of hair should you use and acid-balanced perm?

Explanation

An acid-balanced perm should be used on highlighted or tinted hair because the acid in the perm helps to protect the color and prevent fading. Highlighted or tinted hair is more fragile and prone to damage, so using an acid-balanced perm helps to minimize the risk of further damage and maintain the color intensity.

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88. In which situation must you refuse to chemically relax hair?

Explanation

Chemically relaxing hair involves using strong chemicals to straighten curly or wavy hair. However, if the hair has already been permed, it means that it has undergone a chemical process to create curls or waves. Applying a relaxer on permed hair can lead to severe damage and breakage. Therefore, in this situation, it is necessary to refuse to chemically relax the hair to prevent further harm.

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89. If a client has a nail __________, nail services must NOT be performed.

Explanation

If a client has a nail disease, it is not advisable to perform nail services on them. This is because performing nail services on a client with a nail disease can worsen their condition and potentially spread the disease to other clients or nail technicians. Therefore, it is important to refrain from providing nail services to clients with nail diseases to ensure their safety and prevent any further complications.

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90. Grasping a single strand of hair securely in one hand and then sliding the thumb and forefinger of the other hand down the strand toward the scalp is used to test the hair for

Explanation

The action described in the question, of sliding the thumb and forefinger down the hair strand, is commonly used to test the porosity of the hair. Porosity refers to the hair's ability to absorb and retain moisture. By performing this test, one can determine if the hair strand easily absorbs water or if it repels it, indicating low or high porosity respectively. Therefore, the correct answer is porosity.

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91. You should hold both the comb and shears in your dominant hand while

Explanation

This question is confusing -- but "combing hair" is the answer given by the answer key. Why would you be holding shears if you are only combing hair? But, if you are cutting hair, you may transfer the comb to your non-dominant hand? CONFUSING QUESTION!

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92. What is the purpose of end papers?

Explanation

These are the choices offered on this particular sample exam. Another answer choice may be -- "to control the ends" if that is offered on the State Board Exam and "minimize hair breakage" is NOT offered as an answer choice.

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93. When thinning hair, what determines where you should start (distance from scalp)?

Explanation

The texture of the hair determines where you should start when thinning hair. Different hair textures have different thicknesses and densities, so thinning should be done accordingly. Thinning too much from the scalp can result in an uneven and unnatural look, while thinning too much from the ends may not have the desired effect. By considering the texture of the hair, you can determine the appropriate distance from the scalp to start thinning and achieve a balanced and natural look.

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94. The main active ingredient in acid-balanced waving lotions is

Explanation

Glycerol monothioglycolate is the main active ingredient in acid-balanced waving lotions. It is responsible for the chemical reaction that breaks and reforms the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. This ingredient is commonly used in hair perming products because it is gentle on the hair while still providing effective results. Ammonium thioglycolate, hydrogen peroxide, and hydrogen disulfide are not the main active ingredients in acid-balanced waving lotions.

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95. Which layer of the skin contains the nerve endings responsible for the sense of touch (heat, cold, pressure, pain)? 

Explanation

The papillary layer of the skin contains nerve endings responsible for the sense of touch, including the ability to perceive heat, cold, pressure, and pain. This layer is located just beneath the epidermis and is made up of loose connective tissue. The nerve endings in the papillary layer are sensitive to stimuli and transmit signals to the brain, allowing us to perceive and respond to different sensations.

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96. What is the percentage of curl removed by a soft press?

Explanation

A soft press is a technique used in hair styling to remove curls. The given answer states that the percentage of curl removed by a soft press is 50 to 60 percent. This means that when using a soft press, approximately half to slightly more than half of the curls will be removed, resulting in a partially straightened or relaxed hairstyle.

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97. What massage movement is also called the headache movement?

Explanation

The stroking movement on the forehead is also known as the headache movement because it is a soothing and relaxing massage technique that can help relieve tension and headaches. The gentle and rhythmic strokes on the forehead promote blood circulation, relax the muscles, and reduce stress, which can contribute to relieving headache symptoms. This movement is often used in massage therapy to provide relief and relaxation to individuals suffering from headaches.

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98. Overgrown cuticles are referred to as

Explanation

A pterygium refers to an overgrowth of the cuticle, which is the strip of skin that covers the base of the nail. It can occur due to various reasons such as excessive picking or biting of the cuticles. On the other hand, onychophagy refers to the habit of biting the nails, agnails are torn or broken cuticles, and leucoychia refers to the presence of white spots on the nails. Therefore, pterygium is the most appropriate term to describe overgrown cuticles.

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99. People in what hair color category do NOT have red/orange undertones in their hair?

Explanation

Warm brown hair does not have red/orange undertones. The term "warm" in hair color refers to shades that have more golden or yellow undertones, rather than red or orange. Therefore, people with warm brown hair do not have red/orange undertones in their hair.

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100. The most stimulating massage movement is

Explanation

Percussion is considered the most stimulating massage movement because it involves rhythmic tapping, pounding, or striking actions on the body. This technique helps to invigorate the muscles, increase blood circulation, and awaken the nervous system. The rapid and repetitive movements of percussion stimulate the nerve endings and provide a deep sense of relaxation and rejuvenation. It is commonly used in sports massage or to relieve muscle tension and soreness.

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While shampooing, protect the client's face and ears from water...
Manicuring implements must be disinfected or discarded
To be a good communicator, you also have to be
Hair is primarily composed of
In a salon, contagious disease may be spread through direct contact...
Do NOT give a permanent wave if what exists?
In order the raise a client's head so you can shampoo the back of...
Texturizing is also referred to as
Under-processing is caused by:
When retouching a client's hair with a sodium hydroxide relaxer,...
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?
Which of the following is considered a cool color?
A towel or neck strip is placed under the cape when draping a client:
Where is the first cut made when low-elevation haircutting with...
Hair's ability to absorb moisture is called
Backcombing is used to
When using hot wax, you should test the temperature by
The relaxer cream is applied near the scalp last because processing is...
Which is an INCORRECT statement about head lice?
Before lightening a client's hair, you should do all of the...
The exchange of thoughts, ideas, or feelings with someone is called
The pH scale is a unit of measurement that indicates whether a...
Which face shape looks good with almost any hairstyle?
The purpose of universal sanitation is to
You should apply waving lotion to the
Warm toned colors are made primarily of
When giving a soft-curl perm, you should take a test curl frequently...
What should you put on resistant hair before you apply permanent...
How do you determine which products to use for a facial?
A good haircut is
The most natural and attractive shape of the eyebrow is
Which statement about hair lightening is CORRECT?
Your client will most likely accept suggestions about hair color...
The technical name for the nail is
Whichh is the quickest way to lighten hair?
The primary reason to know the laws of color is so you can
What action of the cosmetologist is required by Federal Law prior to a...
The action of sodium hydroxide relaxer causes the hair to
The method of cleaning instruments that kills all microorganisms...
Processing for a waving lotion depends on the hair's
Which is the chemical symbol for hydrogen peroxide?
Another term for thermal waving is
Why is it important for today's cosmetologists to learn finger...
The Material Safety Data Sheet for a disinfectant will tell you
Sebaceous glands are NOT found in which of the following areas of the...
When blocking the hair, how big must the sections be?
When sitting in a chair, it is to
Hot oil manicures are partially effective on
Trichology is the study of
What is the cell reproducer of the nail?
When you chemically relax a client's hair with a "no...
Texturizing can
The medical term for dandruff is
The study of the structure, functions, and diseases of the muscles is...
The main active ingredient in an alkaline perm is
After rinsing the waving lotion from the hair, you should
The outermost and thinnest layer of the skin is the
Which bonds are individually very weak?
The haircut with a constant elevation of 90 degrees will result in
Proper conduct in relationships with employers, coworkers, and clients...
The hair cuticle is the
When using _____ elevation, the hair is held straight out from the...
Which of the following guidelines is true if your client has a round...
Relaxers with ammonium thioglycolate differ from relaxers with sodium...
The nail is mainly composed of
The pH of skin, hair, and scalp is in the range
Which of the following problems is due to an over-production of sebum?
When giving a soft-curl perm, apply thio until hair on all rods is...
Which statement about the use of a razor for haircutting is INCORRECT?
The occipital bone forms the back and base of the
Which finger(s) control the cutting movement of the thinning shears?
A client as a level 7 red-orange brassy looking hair.  What is...
What happens to each individual hair strand when an aniline derivative...
Nail polish should be applied
The free edge of the nail is filed in what direction?
A kneading movement used in massage is
The chemical often required in addition to the chemical relaxer is
A client requests a style with no laters, but angled toward her...
Wet hair stretches what percent of its lenggth?
The moveable attachment of the muscle is called
A projection angle of 45 degrees is considered what type of elevation?
Face powder serves all of the following functions EXCEPT to
Which layer of the skin contains the melanocytes that give skin its...
What is the pH range of a sodium hydroxide relaxer?
Which layer of the hair contains color pigment?
Why might hair need pre-lightening prior to applying a tint or toner?
On which type of hair should you use and acid-balanced perm?
In which situation must you refuse to chemically relax hair?
If a client has a nail __________, nail services must NOT be...
Grasping a single strand of hair securely in one hand and then sliding...
You should hold both the comb and shears in your dominant hand while
What is the purpose of end papers?
When thinning hair, what determines where you should start (distance...
The main active ingredient in acid-balanced waving lotions is
Which layer of the skin contains the nerve endings responsible for the...
What is the percentage of curl removed by a soft press?
What massage movement is also called the headache movement?
Overgrown cuticles are referred to as
People in what hair color category do NOT have red/orange undertones...
The most stimulating massage movement is
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