Standard Cosmetology Quiz On Hair and Scalp Properties

Hair porosity refers to the ability of the hair to absorb and retain moisture. It is an important factor in determining how well hair products and treatments will work on the hair. High porosity hair absorbs moisture quickly but also loses it easily, while low porosity hair has difficulty absorbing moisture. Understanding hair porosity helps in choosing the right products and developing a proper hair care routine.

Trichology is the scientific study of hair and its diseases and care. It involves the study of the structure, function, and growth of hair, as well as the various disorders and conditions that can affect it. Trichologists are experts in diagnosing and treating hair and scalp conditions, and they often work closely with dermatologists to provide comprehensive care for patients. Understanding trichology is important for maintaining healthy hair and addressing any issues that may arise. Trichoptilosis refers to split ends, hypertrichosis is excessive hair growth, and keratinization is the process of converting cells into keratin.

Postpartum alopecia refers to temporary hair loss that occurs after childbirth. During pregnancy, hormonal changes cause an increase in hair growth, resulting in thicker and fuller hair. However, after giving birth, hormone levels return to normal, causing hair to enter a resting phase and eventually shed. This shedding usually occurs around three to six months postpartum and can last for several months. Postpartum alopecia is a common and natural occurrence, affecting many women, and the hair usually regrows within a year.

Canities is the correct answer because it refers to the technical term for gray hair. Gray hair occurs when there is a loss of the hair's natural melanin pigment. Melanin is responsible for giving hair its color, and as it decreases, the hair becomes gray or white. Canities is the term used to describe this specific condition.

The correct answer is cortex. The cortex is the middle layer of the hair, which is composed of elongated cells that contain melanin pigment. This layer provides the hair with strength, elasticity, and color. The cortex also determines the hair's texture and porosity. The hair cuticle is the outermost layer of the hair, while hair porosity refers to the hair's ability to absorb and retain moisture. Hair texture refers to the thickness or diameter of the individual hair strands.

Human hair is composed primarily of the elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur. These elements are often referred to as the COHNS elements. Nitrogen is an essential component of proteins, which are the building blocks of hair. Sulfur is important for the formation of disulfide bonds, which give hair its strength and structure. Therefore, the presence of nitrogen and sulfur in human hair is crucial for its composition and characteristics.

The anagen phase is the phase during which new hair is produced. This is the active growth phase of the hair follicle, where the hair cells divide rapidly and the hair strand grows longer. During this phase, the hair follicle is attached to the dermal papilla and receives nourishment from it. The anagen phase can last for several years, and the length of this phase determines the length of the hair strand.

Vellus hair refers to the short, fine, unpigmented downy hair that appears on the body, except for the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. Terminal hair, on the other hand, is the thick, coarse, and pigmented hair that grows on the scalp, eyebrows, and other parts of the body. Hair texture refers to the thickness or thinness of individual hair strands, while hair density refers to the number of hair follicles per unit area of the scalp. Therefore, vellus hair is the most appropriate term to describe the given description.

A cowlick is a tuft of hair that stands straight up, often against the natural direction of hair growth. This can create a noticeable and sometimes unruly patch of hair that is difficult to style or control. Cowlicks are commonly found on the crown of the head and can vary in size and shape. They are caused by the hair follicles growing in a different direction or at a different angle than the surrounding hair.

The hair shaft refers to the portion of hair that is visible above the surface of the skin. It is the part of the hair that projects above the epidermis. The hair shaft is composed of dead cells that have been pushed up from the hair follicle. It is responsible for giving hair its length and texture.

Trichorrhexis nodosa is the correct answer because it is the technical term for knotted hair. This condition is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft. Tinea favosa is a fungal infection of the scalp, trichoptilosis is split ends of the hair, and monilethrix is a genetic condition causing hair fragility.

The correct answer is pediculosis capitis. This term refers to the infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice. Head lice are small insects that feed on blood from the scalp, causing itching and irritation. This condition is common in children and can spread easily through close contact or sharing personal items such as combs or hats. Treatment typically involves the use of medicated shampoos or lotions to kill the lice and their eggs.

When disulfide bonds are broken by hydroxide chemical hair relaxers, the new bonds that are formed are called lanthionine bonds. These bonds are created as a result of the reaction between the hydroxide ions in the relaxer and the sulfur atoms in the disulfide bonds. Lanthionine bonds are weaker and more flexible than disulfide bonds, which allows the hair to be straightened and relaxed.

Trichorrhexis nodosa is the correct answer because it is the technical term for knotted hair. It is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft. Trichoptilosis refers to split ends, monilethrix is a genetic hair disorder causing beaded hair, and pityriasis is a skin condition characterized by flaking and itching.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the hair follicles. This leads to the development of small, round, smooth bald patches on the scalp. The other options, androgenic alopecia, postpartum alopecia, and alopecia universalis, do not match the description provided.

A hair stream refers to the direction in which the hair flows, which is determined by the angle at which the hair follicles are inclined. When the follicles slope in the same direction, the hair flows in that same direction, creating a hair stream. This can be observed when all the hairs on a person's head or a certain area of their head flow in a consistent direction. The other options, helix, cowlick, and whorl, do not specifically refer to the direction of hair flow and are therefore not the correct answer.

The correct answer is wave pattern. The question is asking about the shape of hair strands, which can be described as straight, wavy, curly, or extremely curly. Out of the given options, wave pattern is the most appropriate choice as it specifically refers to the shape of hair strands. The other options, such as telogen phase, hair elasticity, and hair texture, are not directly related to the shape of hair strands.

Keratinization is the process by which newly formed cells in the hair bulb mature, fill with keratin, move upward, lose their nucleus, and eventually die. This process is responsible for the formation of hair, nails, and the outer layer of the skin.

The hair bulb is the correct answer because it is the lowest part of a hair strand and is responsible for the production of new hair cells. It is a thickened, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root. The hair bulb contains the hair matrix, which is where the cells divide and differentiate to form the hair shaft. The hair bulb also contains the dermal papilla, which supplies nutrients to the growing hair follicle.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They are joined together end to end by strong, chemical peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, which then fold and interact to create the final protein structure. Therefore, the correct answer is amino acids.

Terminal hair is the correct answer because it refers to the long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of both males and females. This type of hair is different from vellus hair, which is short, fine, and unpigmented. Ringed hair and monilethrix are not relevant to the description given.

The middle layer of the hair is called the cortex. It is made up of elongated cells that contain a fibrous protein core and melanin pigment. The cortex is responsible for giving hair its strength, elasticity, and color. It also helps to protect the innermost layer of the hair, called the medulla. The catagen phase is a transitional phase in the hair growth cycle, and a cowlick is a section of hair that grows in a different direction than the rest of the hair.

Trichoptilosis is the technical term for split ends. It refers to the splitting or fraying of the hair shaft, usually caused by damage or dryness. Split ends occur when the protective outer layer of the hair cuticle becomes damaged, causing the inner layers to separate. Trichoptilosis is a common hair condition that can be prevented or minimized by regular trimming and maintaining proper hair care practices.

Tinea is the correct answer because it is the technical term for ringworm, a contagious condition caused by a fungal infection. Ringworm is not caused by a parasite, and it is characterized by itching, scales, and sometimes painful lesions.

The given statement describes the final phase in the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed. This phase is known as the telogen phase. During this phase, the hair follicles are in a resting state, and the old hair is preparing to fall out while new hair starts to grow. The telogen phase is a normal part of the hair growth cycle and typically lasts for a few months before the cycle starts again with the anagen phase.

Fragilitas crinium is the technical term for brittle hair. This condition refers to hair that is weak and easily breaks. It can be caused by various factors such as excessive heat styling, chemical treatments, and nutritional deficiencies. Fragilitas crinium can result in hair that appears dry, dull, and prone to breakage. Treatment for this condition may involve using gentle hair care products, avoiding heat styling tools, and ensuring a balanced diet with essential nutrients for hair health.

The correct answer is "hair follicle" because a hair follicle is a tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root. It is responsible for producing and nourishing the hair strand. The hair follicle plays a crucial role in hair growth and maintenance.

A carbuncle is a type of skin infection caused by staphylococci bacteria that results in inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue. It is similar to a furuncle, which is commonly known as a boil, but a carbuncle is larger in size. This infection can cause pain, redness, and swelling in the affected area.

Monilethrix is the correct technical term for beaded hair. This condition is characterized by hair shafts that appear beaded or have constrictions at regular intervals, giving the hair a necklace-like appearance. It is a rare genetic disorder that affects the hair follicles, causing weak and brittle hair that easily breaks or falls out. The term "ringed hair" refers to a different condition called trichorrhexis nodosa, which is characterized by nodes or knots along the hair shaft. Scutula and tinea favosa are not related to beaded hair.

The outermost layer of hair is called the hair cuticle. It is made up of a single layer of transparent, scale-like cells that resemble shingles on a roof. The hair cuticle acts as a protective barrier for the inner layers of the hair and helps to regulate moisture and prevent damage.

A hydrogen bond is a weak, physical, cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water or heat. Hydrogen bonds form between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. These bonds are important in many biological processes, as they help to stabilize the structure of molecules such as DNA and proteins.

Scutula are dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts that are characteristic of tinea favosa or tinea favus. Tinea favosa is a fungal infection of the scalp caused by the fungus Trichophyton schoenleinii. The scutula are formed by the accumulation of fungal hyphae, debris, and inflammatory cells. They can cause hair loss and leave a permanent scar if not treated promptly. Other options such as tinea, ringed hair, and proteins are not specific to tinea favosa and do not describe the characteristic crusts seen in this condition.

Malassezia is a naturally occurring fungus that is found on all human skin. However, when it grows out of control, it can lead to the development of dandruff. This fungus feeds on the oils produced by the hair follicles, causing irritation and flaking of the scalp. Therefore, malassezia is the correct answer as it explains the fungus responsible for dandruff when it grows excessively.

The hair root is the part of the hair that is located below the surface of the epidermis. It is responsible for anchoring the hair follicle in the skin and providing nourishment to the hair shaft. The hair root also contains the hair bulb, which is where the hair growth occurs.

The catagen phase is the correct answer because it is the brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle. During this phase, the hair follicle shrinks and detaches from the dermal papilla, signaling the end of the growth phase. This phase is characterized by the cessation of cell division in the hair matrix and the formation of a club hair.

Ringed hair refers to a variety of canities characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair strand. This condition causes the hair to have a striped appearance, with sections of gray and pigmented hair. Monilethrix is a hair disorder that results in beaded hair shafts, tinea favosa is a fungal infection that causes hair loss and scaly patches, and hypertrichosis refers to excessive hair growth. None of these conditions match the description of alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair, making ringed hair the correct answer.

Hair texture refers to the thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand. It can be classified as fine, medium, or coarse. Hair texture is determined by the size of the hair follicle and the shape of the hair strand. It is different from hair density, which refers to the number of hair strands per square inch of the scalp, and hair porosity, which refers to how well the hair absorbs and holds moisture. The hair shaft refers to the part of the hair that is visible above the scalp.

Pityriasis steatoides is the correct answer because it is a severe case of dandruff that is characterized by the accumulation of greasy or waxy scales with sebum. These scales stick to the scalp in crusts, which aligns with the description given in the question. Pityriasis capitis simplex refers to a milder form of dandruff, while pityriasis is a general term for various skin conditions characterized by scaling. Pediculosis capitis, on the other hand, refers to a head lice infestation and is not related to the description provided.

A salt bond refers to a weak, physical, cross-link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains. This bond is formed when the positively charged amino acid side chain attracts the negatively charged side chain of another amino acid. This type of bond is weaker compared to other types of bonds like hydrogen bonds or disulfide bonds.