ISTQB Module4- Exam1

The valid equivalence class for the text box that accepts alphanumeric values is "Boo01k". This is because it contains a combination of alphabetic characters (Boo) and numeric characters (01k), which meets the criteria for the field. The other options, "BOOK" and "Book", do not contain any numeric characters and do not meet the requirements of the text box.

The given answer 0, 1, 99, 100 is the appropriate one using Boundary Value Analysis (BVA). BVA focuses on testing the boundaries of input values. In this case, the valid age range is between 1 to 99, so it is important to test the minimum boundary (0), the maximum boundary (99), and values just outside the boundaries (1 and 100). This helps ensure that the system handles these boundary values correctly and does not allow invalid values such as negative numbers or values outside the specified range.

The invalid equivalence class in this case is 17 because it falls outside the specified range of 18 to 25.

The candidate needs to score a minimum of 24 marks to clear the exam. The maximum score he can achieve is 40 marks. Therefore, any score between 24 and 40, inclusive, would be considered a passing score. The values 29, 30, and 31 fall within this range, so they are valid equivalence values if the student clears the exam.

The given answer "CLa01ss" is the invalid equivalence class value because it includes a numeric character "01" which is not allowed in the given form field. The form specifies that only alphabets in lower or upper case are accepted, so the presence of a numeric character makes this value invalid.

The correct answer is 0, 1, 10, 11, 50, 51, 75, 76, 100, 101. This selection of test inputs follows the boundary value analysis technique. In this technique, the test inputs are chosen at the boundaries of the input domain, as well as just inside and just outside those boundaries. In this case, the boundaries are the weight limits for each postal rate category. So, the test inputs include the values right at the boundaries (0, 10, 50, 75, 100), as well as values just inside and just outside those boundaries (1, 11, 51, 76, 101). This selection ensures that all the boundary conditions are tested.

BVA analysis provides good test cases because errors are often made during programming near the edges of the range of values. By testing these boundary values, we can uncover potential bugs or issues that may not be evident when testing other values. This helps to ensure that the software or system is robust and can handle different scenarios effectively.

Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) is a form of functional testing that focuses on testing the system at its boundaries. It involves testing the system with both minimum and maximum input values, as well as values just above and below the boundaries. This helps to identify any issues or errors that may occur at the edges of the system's functionality. Usability testing, performance testing, and security testing are all important types of testing, but they do not specifically fall under the category of functional testing.

A black box tester is not required to understand the source code. Their role is to test the system's functionality without any knowledge of the internal workings or code implementation. They focus on the inputs and outputs of the system, ensuring that it meets the specified requirements. Understanding the source code is more relevant for white box testers who have access to the internal structure of the system and can perform code-based testing.

The correct answer is "9,10,21,22" because it covers the most boundary values. The first value, 9, is less than 10 and should be rejected. The second value, 10, is between 10 and 21 and should be accepted. The third value, 21, is between 10 and 21 and should also be accepted. The fourth value, 22, is greater than or equal to 22 and should be rejected. Therefore, this answer covers all the possible boundary cases.

The given answer is the valid collection of equivalence classes because it covers all possible values within the specified range of 1 to 15. The first class "Less than 1" includes all numbers less than 1, the second class "1 through 15" includes all numbers from 1 to 15, and the third class "more than 15" includes all numbers greater than 15. This collection ensures that all possible values are accounted for and grouped accordingly.

The valid Boundary Value Analysis test case in this scenario would be £33501. This is because it falls within the range of the next £28000 after the initial tax-free amount, which is taxed at 22%. This test case helps ensure that the system accurately calculates the tax for an amount that is at the upper boundary of this tax bracket.

The test suite that checks for an invalid transition using the given diagram is S0-S1-S3-S1-S2-S1. This is because it follows the sequence of states as per the diagram, and at each transition, it moves to the next state that is connected by an arrow. However, at the transition from S2 to S1, it goes back to S1 instead of moving to S4, which is an invalid transition.

The given specification defines three different equivalence partitions for age: less than 18, between 18 and 30 inclusive, and over 30. The values 18, 29, and 30 all fall within the second partition, which means they are in the same equivalence partition. This means that they will receive a 20% discount according to the specification.

State Transition Testing is not a white box testing technique because it focuses on testing the behavior of a system based on different states and transitions between those states. It does not require knowledge of the internal structure or code of the system being tested. White box testing techniques, on the other hand, involve testing the internal structure and implementation details of the system, such as statement testing, path testing, and data flow testing.

The correct answer is 3, 10, 22. This answer covers all of the equivalence partitions because it includes a value less than 10 (3), a value between 10 and 21 (10), and a value greater than or equal to 22 (22). The other answer choices either do not include values from all three partitions or include values that are not within the specified ranges.

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The given code snippet includes a switch statement that checks if the PC is onStart and if "outlook" appears. To achieve statement coverage, we need to test each statement in the code at least once. Therefore, we need 1 test for statement coverage.

For branch coverage, we need to test each possible outcome of the conditional statements. In this case, there are two branches: one for when "outlook" appears and one for when it doesn't. To cover both branches, we need 2 tests for branch coverage.

The series of state transitions A,B,C provides 0-switch coverage because it includes all possible transitions between the states. The first press of the button turns the hair dryer on to Speed 1 (A), the second press transitions it to Speed 2 (B), and the third press turns it off (C). This sequence covers all three states of the hair dryer and ensures that it goes through each state at least once.

To calculate compound interest, we use the formula: A = P (1 + r/n)^(nt)

Where:

A = the future value of the investment/loan, including interest

P = the principal investment amount (the initial deposit or loan amount)  

r = the annual interest rate (as a decimal)  

n = the number of times that interest is compounded per year

t = the number of years the money is invested or borrowed for  

In this case:

P = £5000

r = 0.03 (3% as a decimal)

n = 12 (compounded monthly)

t = 2

Plugging these values into the formula:

A = £5000 (1 + 0.03/12)^(12*2) A = £5000 (1.0025)^24 A ≈ £5307.60

The LCSAJ (Linear Code Sequence and Jump) is not a black box technique. Black box testing refers to a method of testing where the internal structure, design, or implementation details of the system being tested are not known to the tester. ECP (Equivalence Class Partitioning), State Transition Testing, Syntax Testing, and BVA (Boundary Value Analysis) are all examples of black box techniques used to test software systems. However, LCSAJ involves analyzing the code structure and flow, making it a white box technique rather than a black box technique.

 Statement Testing is not a Black box testing technique. It is a White box testing technique that involves testing each line of code in a program to ensure it operates as expected. On the other hand, Usability Testing could be considered a type of Black box testing as it evaluates the system’s user interface and overall user experience without considering the internal workings of the system. So, the answer is Statement Testing.

The given inputs of 10000, 50000, and 99999 are valid equivalence classes and valid boundaries for the order numbers on the stock control system. 10000 represents the lower boundary, 50000 represents a value within the valid range, and 99999 represents the upper boundary. Therefore, these inputs cover the different possible scenarios for testing the stock control system.

The correct answer is 0, 1, capacity, capacity plus 1. This list includes the values of 0 and 1, which represent the minimum and maximum possible number of available seats respectively. It also includes the capacity of the plane, which is the maximum number of seats available. Lastly, it includes capacity plus 1, which represents a value that exceeds the maximum number of available seats. This list covers all possible scenarios and values for the number of available seats in the flight reservation system.

This answer indicates that the person making the phone call is able to talk to the Managing Director if they are available, and if not, they leave a message for the Managing Director to call them back. The CC (Control Condition) is 2 because there are two possible outcomes depending on whether the Managing Director is available or not. The SC (Simple Condition) is also 2 because there are two actions that can be taken - talking to the Managing Director or leaving a message. The BC (Boundary Condition) is 2 because there are two possible outcomes for the availability of the Managing Director.

The given pseudo code has three branches: one for x=3 and y=2, one for x=3 and y≠2, and one for x≠3. To achieve 100% statement coverage, we need to test each of these branches at least once. Therefore, a minimum of three tests are required.

The minimum number of tests needed to ensure that all the questions have been asked, all combinations have occurred, and all replies given is 3. This is because there are two questions in the scenario: the type of ticket required (single or return) and the rate (Standard or Cheap-day). Each question has two possible answers. Therefore, the total number of combinations is 2 x 2 = 4. However, one combination is already covered in the given scenario (customer wants a return ticket and Cheap-day rate), so only three additional tests are needed to cover all the remaining combinations.

The postal rates for 'light letters' are based on weight. According to the given information, the rates are 25p up to 10g, 35p up to 50g, and an additional 10p for each additional 25g up to 100g. Equivalence partitioning is a testing technique that divides the input values into groups that are expected to produce similar results. In this case, the test inputs are in grams. The selected inputs (4, 15, 65, 92, 159) cover the different equivalence partitions, including values below 10g, values between 10g and 50g, values between 50g and 100g, and values above 100g.

The program fragment consists of two conditional statements. The first if-else statement has two possible paths: one where Condition 1 is true and statement 1 is executed, and another where Condition 1 is false and statement 2 is executed. The second if statement has two possible paths as well: one where Condition 2 is true and statement 3 is executed, and another where Condition 2 is false and no statement is executed. Since the conditions are independent, we can multiply the number of paths for each condition to get the total number of test cases. Therefore, 2 test cases are necessary to cover all possible sequences of statements.

The given code snippet compares the values of variables A and B. If they are equal, it prints "they are the same", otherwise it prints "they are different". The answer CC = 2, SC = 2, BC = 2 suggests that both variables A and B have the same value.

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If CC = 2, SC = 2, and BC = 2, it means that the condition "If my train ticket is a cheap-day return" is false, so the person does not have a cheap-day return ticket. Therefore, they should catch any train and buy a coffee to enjoy the journey.

The candidate needs to score a minimum of 24 marks to clear the exam and get distinction. The maximum score that he can achieve is 40 marks. Therefore, any score above or equal to 24 and below or equal to 40 is considered valid. Among the given options, only 34, 37, and 39 fall within this range, making them the valid equivalence values if the student clears the exam.

A test design technique refers to a systematic approach or method used to select test cases from a given set of possibilities. It helps in identifying the most relevant and effective test cases that can provide maximum coverage and uncover potential defects in the software. This technique involves various strategies, such as boundary value analysis, equivalence partitioning, and decision table testing, to ensure that the test cases chosen are comprehensive and representative of the system under test.

The code first checks if p is equal to q. If it is, then it executes the block of code within the first set of curly braces. Within this block, the value of variable s is incremented by 1. Then, it checks if variable a is less than the value of variable S (note that S is not defined in the code snippet). If this condition is true, it assigns the value 10 to variable t.

If the condition (p = q) is false, it checks if p is greater than q. If this condition is true, it assigns the value 5 to variable t.

Without knowing the values of p, q, S, and a, we cannot determine the exact value of t. However, we can analyze the possible scenarios:

If p is equal to q and a is less than S, then t will be assigned the value 10.

If p is equal to q and a is not less than S, then t will remain unchanged (it will retain its previous value).

If p is greater than q, then t will be assigned the value 5.

Since we cannot determine the values of S and a from the given code snippet, we cannot definitively determine the value of t. Therefore, the correct answer is: None of the above.

The correct answer is CC = 3, SC = 3, BC = 3. This answer suggests that the condition "If enough money is inserted" is satisfied, meaning that the user has inserted enough money to select a drink. Therefore, the user can select a drink and wait for it to be dispensed.

The given code snippet contains two statements and three branches. The first statement is an if statement that checks if the sum of P and Q is greater than 100. If it is true, it prints "Large". The second statement is an if statement that checks if P is greater than 50. If it is true, it prints "P Large".

To achieve statement coverage, at least one test is needed to execute both statements. This is because statement coverage requires executing every individual statement at least once.

To achieve branch coverage, two tests are needed. This is because branch coverage requires executing every possible branch at least once. In this case, there are three branches: one from the first if statement (true or false), one from the second if statement (true or false), and the default branch if none of the conditions are met.

Therefore, the correct answer is 1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage.

The given code snippet contains an if-else statement. The first condition checks if A is greater than B. If it is true, then C is assigned the value of A minus B, and ESEC is assigned the value of A plus B. If the condition is false, the code skips the if block and moves to the next line. The next line reads the value of D. If C is equal to D, then it prints "Error".

To achieve statement coverage, we need to test all the statements in the code. In this case, there are 2 statements that need to be tested, which are the assignment statements for C and ESEC.

For branch coverage, we need to test all the possible branches in the code. In this case, there are 2 branches, one for the true condition of the if statement and one for the false condition.

Therefore, we need 2 tests for statement coverage and 2 tests for branch coverage.

The question requires 8 test cases to cover all possible scenarios. The conditions state that C1 requires attendance above 80%, C2 requires an average of 10 or above in 3 internal tests, C3 requires an average of 15 or above in 2 internal tests, and C4 requires a score of more than 35 in the external examination. The actions are to determine whether the student passed or failed. Therefore, we need to test all combinations of these conditions to cover all possible outcomes, resulting in 8 test cases.

The answer SC = 2 and DC = 3 is correct because the given instructions state that if there is a program of interest on television, then the television should be switched on and the program should be watched. If there is no program of interest, then the newspaper should be continued to be read. If there is a crossword in the newspaper, then the crossword should be completed. Therefore, in this scenario, the person will switch on the television and watch the program if there is one, and if there is no program, they will continue reading the newspaper and complete the crossword if there is one.