ISTQB Foundation Level Mock Exam-1 Quiz

This answer is correct because independent testers, being separate from the development team, have a fresh perspective and are not influenced by the biases and assumptions that developers may have. They are more likely to identify defects that developers might overlook, and their unbiased approach ensures that all aspects of the software are thoroughly tested.

In large systems, it is not feasible to run all possible tests due to time and resource constraints. Therefore, only a few tests should be selected and executed based on the level of risk associated with different functionalities or components of the system. This allows for prioritization of testing efforts and ensures that the most critical areas are thoroughly tested. Additionally, it is important to focus on executing good test cases that have been written by experienced and skilled test engineers to maximize the effectiveness of the testing process.

Regression testing is the process of retesting an already tested program after making modifications to it. The purpose of regression testing is to ensure that the changes made to the software do not introduce any new defects or uncover any existing defects. It helps in identifying any regression or unintended side effects caused by the changes in the software or its related components.

The given options represent different variations of the valid equivalence class value, which is a combination of alphabets in lower or upper case. The option "CLa01ss" is the invalid equivalence class value as it includes a numeric character "01" which is not allowed in the given form field.

LCSAJ (Linear Code Sequence and Jump) is not a black box technique because it involves analyzing the internal structure of the code. Black box testing focuses on testing the functionality of a system without considering its internal implementation details. State transition testing, syntax testing, and boundary value analysis are all examples of black box techniques as they only consider the inputs and outputs of the system under test.

The state transition diagram represents the different states that a switch can be in. The transitions between states indicate the possible changes in the switch's state. In this case, all of the given state transitions are valid except for the transition from FAULT to ON. This is because a switch cannot directly transition from a FAULT state to an ON state.

Functional system testing is a type of testing that focuses on testing the end-to-end functionality of the system as a whole. This means that the testing process aims to verify that the system, including all its components and subsystems, functions correctly and delivers the expected results. It involves testing the system's behavior and functionality in various scenarios and ensuring that it meets the specified requirements and performs the desired functions. This type of testing helps identify any issues or defects in the system's overall functionality and ensures that it meets the user's requirements.

Regression testing should be performed after the software has changed and when the environment has changed. This is because regression testing is done to ensure that the changes made to the software do not introduce new bugs or issues, and to verify that the software still functions correctly in the updated environment. Performing regression testing every week or as often as possible may not be necessary or practical, as it depends on the frequency of software changes and environment updates. The decision to perform regression testing should not be solely based on the project manager's say, as it should be based on the specific circumstances of the software and environment changes.

Test cases designed by a person from a different organization have the highest level of independence. This is because individuals from different organizations have no personal or professional bias towards the software under test. They are not influenced by the internal workings or goals of the organization that developed the software. Therefore, their test cases are more likely to be objective and unbiased, leading to a higher level of independence.

The correct answer is i,ii are true and iii,iv are false. This is because deciding how much testing is enough should take into account the level of risk, including technical and business product and project risk, as well as project constraints such as time and budget. The size of the testing team and the size of the development team are not factors that should be considered when determining the appropriate amount of testing.

The correct answer is ii, iii, and iv are correct and i is incorrect. This is because the success factors for a review include not having a predefined objective (i is incorrect), welcoming and expressing defects objectively (ii is correct), management support (iii is correct), and an emphasis on learning and process improvement (iv is correct).

The correct answer is i, ii, iii is correct and iv is incorrect. This is because the exit criteria for a testing phase typically include measures of thoroughness such as code coverage, functionality coverage, and risk coverage. It may also include estimates of defect density or reliability measures. Additionally, it may consider residual risks such as defects not fixed or lack of test coverage in certain areas. However, verifying the test environment is not typically considered as part of the exit criteria.

Impact analysis helps in determining the extent of regression testing that should be performed. It assesses the potential impact of a change or modification in a software system and analyzes its effects on other components. By understanding the impact, the testing team can prioritize and focus on the areas that are most likely to be affected, thus optimizing the regression testing effort. This analysis helps in determining the amount of regression testing required to ensure the stability and quality of the software after changes have been made.

During the Kick Off phase of a formal review, one of the activities involved is explaining the objective. This is important because it helps to set the direction and purpose of the review. By clearly stating the objective, all participants can align their efforts towards achieving the desired outcome. It also helps to ensure that everyone understands the scope and expectations of the review, which can contribute to a more focused and productive process.

Requirement Analysis is not a phase of the Fundamental Test Process. The Fundamental Test Process consists of four phases: Test Planning and Control, Test Implementation and Execution, Evaluating Exit Criteria and Reporting, and Test Closure Activities. Requirement Analysis is a separate activity that is performed before the test process begins. It involves understanding the requirements of the system under test and documenting them.

The output of the requirement analysis and specification is used as input for writing user acceptance test cases. User acceptance test cases are designed to ensure that the system meets the requirements and expectations of the end users. These test cases focus on validating the system's functionality, usability, and overall user experience. By using the requirement analysis and specification as input, the user acceptance test cases can be aligned with the intended functionality and requirements of the system.

The correct answer is i, ii, iii are correct and iv is incorrect. This means that monitoring the test progress involves considering the percentage of test case execution, the percentage of work done in test environment preparation, and defect information such as defect density, defects found and fixed. However, the size of the testing team and skills of the engineers do not directly help in monitoring the test progress.

The correct answer is Test Analysis and Design because this phase involves analyzing the requirements and system to determine the testability of the system. It includes activities such as identifying test conditions, designing test cases, and creating test data. By evaluating the testability of the requirements and system during this phase, the testing team can ensure that the system can be effectively tested and that all necessary test cases are identified and designed.

Test conditions are derived from specifications because specifications define the requirements and functionality of the system or software being tested. They provide detailed information about what the system should do and how it should behave. Test conditions are then derived from these specifications to determine what needs to be tested and what test cases need to be designed. Test conditions help ensure that all the requirements and functionality specified in the specifications are thoroughly tested to ensure the system meets the desired quality and functionality.

The correct answer is i, ii are true and iii and iv are false. This is because white box testing involves using explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested to select the test data (i) and using specific knowledge of programming code to examine outputs and assuming that the tester knows the path of logic in a unit or a program (ii). However, white box testing does not specifically check for the performance of the application (iii) or the functionality (iv).

Maintenance testing uses Impact Analysis most because it involves making changes or enhancements to an existing system. Impact Analysis helps in understanding the potential effects of these changes on the system as a whole, including its components, functionality, and performance. By analyzing the impact of changes, maintenance testing ensures that the modifications do not introduce any unintended side effects or negatively affect the system's stability and reliability. This helps in minimizing risks and ensuring that the system continues to function correctly after the maintenance activities.

The Big-bang approach is not a type of incremental testing approach because it does not involve testing individual components or modules in isolation. Instead, it involves testing the entire system as a whole, all at once. In contrast, incremental testing approaches such as top-down, bottom-up, and functional incrementation involve testing smaller portions of the system incrementally, gradually building up to test the entire system.

The major tasks of test planning include determining the scope and risks, identifying the objectives of testing, determining the test approach (including techniques, test items, coverage, and the teams involved in testing), and determining the exit criteria. Reviewing the Test Basis, such as requirements, architecture, design, and interface, is not a major task in test planning. Therefore, the correct answer is i, ii, iv are true and iii is false.

The correct answer is Equivalence partitioning, State Transition, and Use Case Testing are black box Testing Techniques. This means that these testing techniques do not require any knowledge of the internal structure or implementation of the system being tested. Equivalence partitioning involves dividing the input data into different classes or partitions to ensure that all classes are tested. State Transition testing focuses on the transitions between different states of a system. Use Case Testing involves testing the system's functionality based on different use cases or scenarios. These techniques are commonly used in black box testing to ensure thorough testing of the system's functionality from an external perspective.

Configuration Control refers to the provision and management of a controlled library containing all the configuration items. It involves maintaining the integrity and consistency of the configuration items throughout their lifecycle, ensuring that changes are properly authorized, evaluated, and implemented. Configuration Control is responsible for managing the versions, baselines, and releases of the configuration items, as well as controlling access to the configuration library.

The correct answer is "Statement coverage is 1 and branch coverage is 2" because there are two branches in the code: one for the condition "p+q > 100" and another for the condition "p > 50". However, there is only one statement in the code which is the print statement "Print 'pLarge'". Therefore, the statement coverage is 1 and the branch coverage is 2.

Peer reviews are also known as technical reviews because they involve a group of peers or colleagues examining a document, code, or design to identify defects, improve quality, and ensure compliance with standards. This review process is focused on technical aspects and aims to provide constructive feedback, suggestions, and recommendations for improvement. It helps in identifying errors, enhancing the overall quality of the work, and promoting collaboration and learning among team members.

The selection of a test approach should consider the context, including the risk of failure of the project, hazards to the product, and risks of product failure to humans. It should also take into account the skills and experience of the people in the proposed technique, tools, and methods, as well as the objective of the testing endeavor and the mission of the testing team. However, the size of the testing team is not a factor to consider when selecting a test approach.

The given groups of numbers (£5800, £28000, £32000) would fall into the same equivalence class because they all have an income that falls within the same tax bracket. The first £4000 of income is tax-free for all groups. The next £1500 is taxed at 10%, which is not applicable to any of the groups. The next £28000 is taxed at 22%, which is applicable to all groups. Any further amount is taxed at 40%, which is also not applicable to any of the groups. Therefore, all three groups fall into the same equivalence class based on their taxable income.

Validation is the process of checking whether the product has been built correctly according to the specified requirements. It ensures that the right product has been built. Therefore, statement ii is true. However, validation does not directly check the quality of the built product (i), as that is the purpose of verification. It also does not involve monitoring tool wastage and obsoleteness (iv). Hence, statements i, iii, and iv are false.

The best definition for testing is that it involves executing software with the intention of finding defects. This means that testing is not just about demonstrating that the program works or is defect-free, but rather about actively searching for any issues or bugs that may be present. By testing the software, developers and testers can identify and address any defects or problems before the program is released to users.

This answer states that statements ii, iii, and iv are true while statements i and v are false. This means that 100% branch coverage guarantees 100% statement coverage, 100% branch coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage, and 100% decision coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage. However, it is not true that 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage, and 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage.

The correct answer is i, ii, iii, and iv are correct. Static analysis tools are used to analyze code without executing it, and they can detect various defects in the code. These defects include variables that are never used, security vulnerabilities, programming standard violations, and uncalled functions and procedures. Therefore, all the options i, ii, iii, and iv are correct as they correctly identify the defects that can be discovered by static analysis tools.

Component testing is a type of testing that focuses on testing individual components or modules of a software system. This statement is most often true because component testing aims to identify defects or bugs in the individual components of a program that can be tested separately. By testing these components independently, it becomes easier to isolate and identify any issues or defects, making it an effective method for ensuring the quality and functionality of the software.

The correct answer is "Statement coverage is 1". This means that only one statement in the given code is covered during testing. In this case, the only statement that is covered is "Minimum Test Required for Statement Coverage". This suggests that the code has not been thoroughly tested and there may be other statements that have not been executed.

A Test Lead/Leader is responsible for various tasks in a testing project. They interact with the Test Tool Vendor to identify the best ways to utilize the test tool effectively. They also write Test Summary Reports based on the information gathered during testing. Additionally, they decide what aspects of the testing process should be automated, to what extent, and how. However, creating the Test Specifications is not a task of a Test Lead/Leader. Therefore, the correct answer is i, ii, iii is true and iv is false.

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The answer is "ii , iii are true and i is false". This means that "Test harness" and "Scaffolding" are both alternative names for "Drivers", while "Spade" is not.

The correct answer is Test Incident Report. The structure of an incident report is covered in the Standard for Software Test Documentation IEEE 829. An anomaly report is a type of incident report that documents any unexpected or abnormal behavior observed during testing. A defect report is a separate document that specifically addresses software defects or issues. Test defect report and test incident report are not recognized terms in the IEEE 829 standard.

The correct answer is "i, iii, iv are true and ii is false". This means that checking which planned deliverables have been delivered, finalizing and archiving testware, and analyzing lessons are all part of Test Closure Activities. However, defect report analysis is not a part of Test Closure Activities.