ISTQB Foundation Level --practice Exam Paper 1

Reviews and inspections can be considered part of testing because they help detect faults and improve the quality of the software. Reviews and inspections involve examining the software documentation, code, or other artifacts to identify defects, inconsistencies, and areas for improvement. This proactive approach helps in identifying potential issues early in the development process, reducing the likelihood of defects reaching the testing phase. By detecting faults and improving quality, reviews and inspections contribute to the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the testing process.

Re-testing involves running a test again to ensure that the previously identified faults or issues have been fixed. On the other hand, regression testing focuses on identifying any unexpected side effects or new faults that may have been introduced as a result of fixing the original faults. Therefore, the correct answer states that re-testing involves running a test again, while regression testing is performed to look for unexpected side effects.

As the product moves towards live use, the cost of fixing a fault increases. This is because any issues or faults identified during the testing phase or after the product is deployed can have a significant impact on the user experience and may require more resources, time, and effort to fix. Additionally, fixing faults during live use may also involve potential downtime or disruption for the users, which can further increase the cost. Therefore, it is crucial to address and resolve any faults as early as possible in the development process to minimize the associated costs.

Recovery testing is not part of performance testing. Performance testing focuses on measuring response time, transaction rates, simulating many users, and generating many transactions to evaluate the system's performance under different loads. Recovery testing, on the other hand, is a type of testing that checks how well a system can recover from failures or crashes and restore its functionality. While important, recovery testing is not directly related to measuring performance metrics.

When expected results are specified in advance, it becomes easier to determine whether the system or component being tested is functioning correctly. By defining the expected results beforehand, testers have a clear benchmark to compare the actual results against. This helps in identifying any discrepancies or errors in the system or component being tested. Therefore, specifying expected results in advance is considered the most useful approach in testing as it provides a clear framework for evaluating the performance and functionality of the system or component.

Developers typically use static analysis (i) to identify potential code issues, and dynamic analysis (iv) to analyze the behavior of the code during runtime. They also use test data preparation (vi) to create and manipulate test data. On the other hand, an independent test team typically performs performance testing (ii) to assess the system's performance, test management (iii) to plan and organize testing activities, and test running (v) to execute tests. They also use test data preparation (vi) to create and manipulate test data.

The Test Plan document of the Test Documentation Standard includes various components such as test items (i.e. software versions), what is not to be tested, test environments, and schedules and deadlines. However, quality plans are not typically included in the Test Plan document. Quality plans are separate documents that outline the quality objectives, metrics, and processes to ensure the overall quality of the software being tested.

Inspection is a formal review process that involves comparing documents with predecessor documents. It is led by a trained leader and can be performed by managers on management documents. However, inspection requires the presence of written documents to compare and review. Therefore, the statement "inspection is appropriate even when there are no written documents" is not true.

Error guessing is best used after more formal techniques have been applied because formal techniques such as requirement analysis, specification review, and code inspection help in identifying and documenting potential errors. Once these formal techniques have been applied, error guessing can be used as an additional approach to uncover any remaining errors that may have been missed. This technique relies on the tester's intuition, experience, and creativity to anticipate potential errors and design test cases accordingly. It is not limited to inexperienced testers or end users and can be used by anyone involved in the testing process.

Acceptance testing is a type of testing that focuses on ensuring that the system meets the business requirements and objectives. It involves testing the system from a business perspective to determine if it meets the needs and expectations of the stakeholders. This type of testing is performed to gain confidence that the system is acceptable and ready for deployment. It is not specifically aimed at finding faults or testing with other systems, but rather verifying that the system aligns with the business goals and objectives. An independent test team may conduct acceptance testing, but the main focus is on testing from a business perspective.

A typical commercial test execution tool is designed to automate the testing process by replaying inputs according to a programmed script, comparing expected outcomes with actual outcomes, recording test inputs, and reading test values from a data file. However, generating expected outputs is not a function typically performed by such tools. This task is usually the responsibility of the tester or developer who defines the expected results based on the requirements or specifications of the system being tested.

The correct answer is s = 4 and 5, t = 3, u = 2, v = 1. This is because the characteristics or review processes mentioned in the question match with the given values. The process led by a trained moderator or leader (v) matches with characteristic 4. The process with no management participation (u) matches with characteristic 3. The process led by the author (s) matches with characteristic 1. The process with entry and exit criteria (s = 5) matches with characteristic 5. Finally, the process with no documentation (t) matches with characteristic 2.

Top-down integration testing is a type of testing that focuses on testing the integration of higher-level modules first before moving down to lower-level modules. It ensures that the overall system functions correctly by checking the interactions between major components. This type of testing is indeed a part of system testing. Therefore, the correct answer is top-down integration testing.

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Test managers should not re-allocate resources to meet original plans. This is because the test manager's role is to ensure that the testing process is carried out effectively and efficiently, not to make decisions about resource allocation. Resource allocation is typically the responsibility of project managers or higher-level management. Test managers should focus on reporting deviations from the project plan, signing off the system for release, raising incidents on faults, and providing information for risk analysis and quality improvement.

BS7925-1 is the correct answer because it is a standard that provides definitions of testing terms. ISO/IEC 12207 is a standard for software life cycle processes, not specifically for testing terms. BS7925-2 is a standard for software component testing, not for defining testing terms. ANSI/IEEE 829 is a standard for software test documentation, not for defining testing terms. ANSI/IEEE 729 is not a recognized standard in the field of software testing.

A configuration management tool is a tool that supports traceability, recording of incidents, and scheduling of tests. It helps in managing and controlling the configuration of software and hardware systems throughout their lifecycle. It allows for tracking changes, maintaining version control, and ensuring consistency and integrity of the system. This tool is essential for managing and organizing the various components and configurations of a system, making it the correct answer in this context.

The statement "black box design techniques all have an associated measurement technique" is false. Black box design techniques focus on testing the functionality of a component without considering its internal structure. These techniques do not necessarily require measurement techniques to assess the quality or effectiveness of the tests. Measurement techniques are more commonly associated with white box design techniques, which involve testing the internal structure and logic of a component.

Code reviews would be the best way to find unreachable code. During a code review, developers can carefully analyze the code and identify any sections that are not being executed. This can include dead code, unreachable branches, or unused variables. Code reviews allow for a thorough examination of the codebase, ensuring that all parts of the code are necessary and functional. While other tools like static analysis tools or coverage tools can also help in identifying unreachable code, code reviews provide a human perspective and can catch issues that automated tools might miss.

The actual and expected outcomes need not be included in a test incident report. A test incident report is used to document any unexpected behavior or faults encountered during testing. It typically includes information such as how to reproduce the fault, test environment details, severity, and priority. However, the actual and expected outcomes are usually documented in the test case or test script itself and are not necessary to be repeated in the incident report.

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