ISTQB- All Chapters Exam6

The correct answer is "All the statements are true." This means that all of the tasks listed in options I, II, IV, and V are typical tasks of a test manager. These tasks include selecting tools to support testing, deciding about the implementation of the test environment, coordinating test strategy, and acquiring test resources. Additionally, the test manager is responsible for monitoring test results.

COTS stands for Commercial Off-The-Shelf tools, which are software tools that are readily available in the market for general use. These tools can be purchased and then customized or adapted to meet specific needs or requirements of a particular organization or project. This statement is correct because it accurately describes the nature and purpose of COTS tools.

Finding the root cause of a defect is not a major responsibility of a tester. While testers are responsible for identifying and reporting bugs, writing test specifications, and producing interim test reports, finding the root cause of a defect is typically the responsibility of developers or engineers who investigate and fix the issue. Testers focus on identifying and documenting the presence of defects, rather than determining the underlying cause.

A static analysis tool is designed to analyze the source code or binary code of a program without actually executing it. It can be used to enforce coding standards by identifying violations and suggesting improvements. It can also detect dependencies in software modules by analyzing the code structure. Additionally, it can calculate the complexity of the code by measuring factors such as code size, nesting levels, and number of control flow paths. However, a static analysis tool cannot perform quantitative analysis related to tests, such as determining the number of tests passed or failed, as this requires executing the code.

During the Test analysis and design stage of the Fundamental Test Process, testers evaluate the testability of the test basis. This involves assessing whether the test basis, which includes documents like requirements and design specifications, is suitable for creating effective test cases. Testability evaluation helps identify any gaps or ambiguities in the test basis that may hinder the testing process. By conducting this evaluation early on, testers can ensure that the test basis is comprehensive and well-defined, enabling them to design effective test cases and uncover potential defects in the system under test.

Load testing is a non-functional testing technique that focuses on evaluating the system's performance under normal and peak load conditions. It is not limited to a specific phase of testing and can be performed at any test level, including system testing. Therefore, the statement "Load testing is a non-functional testing that can be performed at all test levels" is correct.

The correct answer is Stress testing, Usability testing, Portability testing and Maintainability testing. These are all non functional testing types because they focus on aspects of the system that are not related to its specific functionality. Stress testing is done to evaluate the system's performance under extreme conditions, Usability testing assesses the system's ease of use, Portability testing checks if the system can be easily transferred to different environments, and Maintainability testing examines the system's ability to be maintained and updated.

Statement coverage provides the weakest level of structural coverage because it only ensures that each statement in the code has been executed at least once. It does not guarantee that all possible paths or conditions within the statements have been tested. Other coverage criteria like decision coverage, condition coverage, and multiple condition coverage offer higher levels of structural coverage by considering different combinations of decisions and conditions in the code.

I. Debugging identifies the location of a defect in the code. This statement is correct because debugging involves finding and fixing errors or defects in the code.

II. Testing can identify the failures caused by the defects. This statement is also correct because testing helps to uncover failures or issues that may be caused by defects in the code.

Therefore, the correct answer is I, II.

Managing incidents in a spreadsheet posted on the intranet is the best option because it is a low-cost solution that can be implemented quickly. It allows for easy tracking and sharing of incident information within the company. Additionally, using a spreadsheet provides flexibility to customize the incident management process according to the company's specific needs.

The advantage of the testers being part of the support team is that they have more independence in deciding what and how to test. They are not influenced by the development team and can approach testing from a customer perspective. However, the disadvantage is that they may become isolated from the development team's knowledge. They may miss out on important information or updates that could impact their testing process.

The next step the tester should take prior to recording the deviation is to perform bug isolation to find the conditions that cause the crash. This means that the tester should try to narrow down the specific conditions or inputs that are causing the word processor to crash when opening a file from the particular set of files. By isolating the bug, the tester can provide more detailed information to the development team, which will help them in identifying and fixing the problem more effectively.

Customer A, who is a Preferred Guest Card holder and holding a silver room, is eligible for an upgrade. According to the decision table, the system should offer an upgrade to Gold Luxury for this customer. On the other hand, Customer B is a Non-Preferred Guest Card holder and holding a Platinum room, which does not meet the conditions for an upgrade. Therefore, the system should not offer any upgrade to Customer B.

The general principles of testing include the idea that running the same test set repeatedly will not necessarily uncover new defects. This is because if the same tests are being run over and over again, they are unlikely to find any new issues that were not already identified in previous test runs. Therefore, the statement that suggests running the same test set more often to find new defects contradicts the general principles of testing.

The chart represents the relationship between time (X-axis) and count (Y-axis). Line A represents the total number of executed tests, while line B represents the number of open bugs. This indicates that the chart is showing the correlation between the time spent on testing and the number of tests executed, as well as the number of bugs that are still open.

The highest priority for the project manager should be to learn the project objectives and the existing project plan. This is important because without a clear understanding of the project objectives and the plan in place, the project manager will not be able to effectively lead and manage the project. By learning the project objectives and the existing project plan, the project manager can align their actions and decisions with the overall goals of the project and ensure that the project is on track.

The given requirement states that the additional fee of $3 is charged during the weekend, which is defined as Friday to Saturday inclusive. Therefore, Thursday is not a valid input value as it is not part of the weekend.

The factors that contribute to project risks include skill and staff shortages, problems in defining the right requirements, and contractual issues. These factors can increase the likelihood of project failure or delays. Skill and staff shortages can lead to a lack of expertise and resources needed to successfully complete the project. Problems in defining the right requirements can result in misunderstandings or misalignment between stakeholders, leading to scope creep or changes in project objectives. Contractual issues can introduce legal or financial risks that may impact the project's progress and success.

The statement "Independence of testing does NOT mean that developers should not test their own code" is true because independence in testing refers to the separation of roles and responsibilities between developers and testers. While it is important to have independent testers for unbiased and objective testing, it does not imply that developers should not perform any testing on their own code. Developers can and should perform unit testing to ensure the functionality and quality of their code before it is handed over to the testing team. This allows for early detection and resolution of issues, leading to more efficient bug finding during unit testing.

Experience based testing should be applied after systematic test methods have been used because systematic test methods provide a structured approach to testing, ensuring that all necessary test cases are covered. Once systematic test methods have been exhausted, experience based testing can be used to complement and enhance the testing process. This type of testing relies on the tester's knowledge, skills, and intuition to identify potential issues that may not have been covered by the systematic approach. By combining both systematic and experience based testing, the overall effectiveness and coverage of the testing process can be improved.

In the given question, statements I and IV are true. Statement I states that in walkthroughs, the review meeting is typically led by the author, which means that the author of the document being reviewed takes charge of the meeting. Statement IV states that management rarely participates in technical review meetings, indicating that management is usually not involved in the review process. Therefore, the correct answer is I, IV.

Based on the given conditions, the access level to the ST knowledge base is determined by certification and testing experience.

A - ST certified, 12 years of testing experience: According to the conditions, if ST certified with 5 - 10 years of testing experience, full access is allowed. Since A has 12 years of testing experience, it falls within the range of 5 - 10 years, so A would have full access. Therefore, the answer for A is unknown.

B - Not ST certified, 7 years of testing experience: According to the conditions, if not ST certified with 5 - 10 years of testing experience, limited access is allowed. Since B is not ST certified and has 7 years of testing experience, it falls within the range of 5 - 10 years, so B would have limited access. Therefore, the answer for B is limited access.

C - Not ST certified, 3 years of testing experience: According to the conditions, if not ST certified with 5 - 10 years of testing experience, limited access is allowed. Since C is not ST certified and has 3 years of testing experience, it does not fall within the range of 5 - 10 years, so C would have unknown access. Therefore, the answer for C is unknown.

Structural-based testing refers to a testing approach that focuses on the internal structure and design of the software system. It aims to test the individual components, such as functions or modules, and their interactions within the system. This type of testing can be applied at various levels, including unit testing, integration testing, and system testing. It involves analyzing the code and designing test cases to achieve a certain level of coverage, which can be stronger than decision coverage. This means that structural-based testing may include criteria such as statement coverage, branch coverage, or path coverage, which provide a more comprehensive assessment of the code's execution.

Different industries have different risks and quality requirements. This impacts the test process because managing inventories in a large hospital pharmacy involves different risks and quality requirements compared to managing libraries. Therefore, the test manager decided to review and update the test policy and procedures to ensure they align with the specific needs and challenges of the hospital pharmacy project.

The correct boundary value analysis for the given pseudo code would include testing the lower and upper boundaries of the condition. In this case, the condition is (k > 1 && k

The correct answer is (-1, 0, 12, 13, 18, 19) because these values represent the boundaries between the different age groups. For example, -1 and 0 represent the lower boundary of Group I, 12 and 13 represent the boundary between Group I and Group II, and 18 and 19 represent the boundary between Group II and Group III. By testing these boundary values, we can ensure that the software system correctly determines which welcome screen to display based on the user's age.

Test control includes identifying deviations from the plan. This activity involves monitoring the progress of testing, comparing it with the planned objectives, and identifying any variances or deviations. It helps to ensure that the testing activities are on track and any issues or deviations are addressed in a timely manner. Test control also involves making necessary adjustments to the testing process to keep it aligned with the project goals and objectives.

The given program has two IF-ELSE statements. In order to achieve 100% statement coverage, we need to test both paths of each IF-ELSE statement, which requires a minimum of 2 test cases. Similarly, in order to achieve 100% branch coverage, we need to test both branches of each IF-ELSE statement, which also requires a minimum of 2 test cases. Therefore, the correct answer is 2 test cases for statement coverage and 2 test cases for branch coverage.

Monitoring the test progress involves tracking the completion of various tasks related to testing. One important aspect of testing is the preparation of the test environment. The percentage of work done in test environment preparation can provide insights into how much progress has been made in setting up the necessary infrastructure and resources for testing. This metric helps in assessing the readiness of the test environment and can indicate if any delays or issues are impacting the overall progress of testing.

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Open-ended sessions are not a key characteristic of an inspection. Inspections typically involve structured and focused sessions where specific items or criteria are examined. Open-ended sessions, on the other hand, allow for a more free-flowing discussion without a specific agenda or goal. Therefore, open-ended sessions do not align with the purpose and nature of an inspection.

Acceptance testing is the last level of testing performed prior to system release. The customers or system users are often responsible for the acceptance testing. The main goal of acceptance testing is to build confidence in the system, not to find defects. However, testing of disaster recovery and backup/restore is usually NOT part of acceptance testing as it falls under a different type of testing called recovery testing.

The given equivalence partitioning is correct because it divides the input values into four partitions based on their ranges. The first partition is for values less than 0, which should result in an error message. The second partition is for values between 0 and 20, which should return the exact factorial number. The third partition is for values between 20 and 200, which should approximate the factorial number. The fourth partition is for values greater than 200, which should result in an error message. Therefore, the equivalence partitioning n200 correctly represents the different ranges of input values and their corresponding actions.

The correct answer is I, II, III. This is because in testing based on use cases, it is important to identify possible sequences of interactions between the system and the actor (A), as well as identify the equivalence classes for each input data element (B). Additionally, it is necessary to consider which of the normal and alternative flows should be covered in the test cases (C). These three steps are essential in ensuring comprehensive and effective testing based on use cases.

The manager's responsibilities in a formal review include deciding on the execution of reviews, determining if the review objectives have been met, and allocating time for the review. However, planning the review is not one of the manager's responsibilities. This task is typically assigned to a project manager or a designated team member who is responsible for creating a detailed plan outlining the objectives, scope, timeline, and resources required for the review. The manager's role is to oversee and ensure that the review is executed according to the plan.

The correct answer is that test case execution effort is independent of the number of test environments. This means that the effort required to execute test cases does not change based on the number of test environments available. The number of test environments may affect other aspects of testing, such as setup and configuration, but it does not directly impact the effort required to execute the test cases themselves.

Functional testing is a type of testing that focuses on the efficient interactions among different parts of the system. It aims to ensure that the system functions correctly and meets the specified requirements. This type of testing is dynamic in nature, meaning it involves executing the system and observing its behavior. It is different from structural testing, which is based on the program structure of the test object, and from static testing, which involves comparing the test and requirements specifications of the test object.

Choosing a test technique is important because it allows testers to match the way they test to the content of the product under test. This helps ensure that the testing approach is appropriate for the specific product being tested, increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the testing process. Additionally, considering the time constraints that typically accompany a test project is crucial in order to optimize the use of available resources and meet project deadlines.

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Re-writing a code segment in which a lot of bugs were found (I) can increase the overall quality of the software as it allows for the identification and fixing of bugs, improving the functionality and stability of the code. When a test case fails and defects are logged (II), it indicates that there are issues in the software that need to be addressed, leading to improvements in the quality. Therefore, selecting options I and II would likely increase the overall quality of the software.