Part - 1 Qpep 100 - Quality Gurus 50q

The correct answer is B. Fishbone Diag. Ishikawa diagram is commonly referred to as a fishbone diagram because of its visual resemblance to the skeleton of a fish. It is a graphical tool used to identify and analyze the potential causes of a problem or an effect. The diagram helps to categorize the different factors that may contribute to the problem, allowing for a comprehensive analysis and identification of the root causes. Control chart, on the other hand, is a different statistical tool used for monitoring and controlling a process over time.

Poka-Yoka, also known as Mistake Proofing, refers to a concept or technique used in various industries to prevent errors or mistakes from occurring during a process. It involves implementing mechanisms or systems that make it impossible or difficult for errors to happen, thus ensuring quality and efficiency. The term "Mistake Proofing" accurately describes the purpose and function of Poka-Yoka, as it emphasizes the goal of preventing mistakes and ensuring error-free outcomes.

The correct answer is B. Customer. Quality is the value perceived by the customer, meaning that it is the customer who determines whether a product or service meets their expectations and requirements. The customer's perception of quality is based on their experience with the product or service and how well it fulfills their needs and desires. Therefore, it is essential for businesses to understand and meet customer expectations in order to deliver high-quality products and services.

The correct answer is B. Toyota Company because the phrase "Just in Production" suggests a lean manufacturing approach, which is a concept pioneered by Toyota. Toyota is known for implementing the Just-in-Time (JIT) production system, which aims to eliminate waste and improve efficiency by producing goods only when they are needed, thereby reducing inventory costs. Shewhart, on the other hand, is known for his contributions to statistical quality control, but his work is not directly related to the concept of Just-in-Time production.

Shingo is the correct answer because he is the one who introduced the concept of Poka Yoka. Poka Yoka is a Japanese term that means "mistake-proofing" or "error-proofing." It is a concept that aims to prevent errors or mistakes from occurring in a process by designing it in a way that makes it impossible or difficult to make errors. Shingo's work in the field of quality management and his contributions to the Toyota Production System made him a key figure in the development and popularization of Poka Yoka.

The correct answer is B. Quality Functions Deployment. QFD stands for Quality Functions Deployment, which is a method used in product development to ensure that customer needs and expectations are met. It involves translating customer requirements into specific technical requirements and aligning them with the company's capabilities. This approach helps in improving the quality of the product by focusing on customer satisfaction and continuous improvement.

A cause and effect diagram, also known as a fishbone diagram or an Ishikawa diagram, is a visual tool used to identify and analyze the root causes of a problem. It helps in understanding the relationship between various factors that contribute to a problem. By identifying the root problems, the cause and effect diagram allows for quality improvement from the bottom up, addressing the underlying issues rather than just treating the symptoms. Control charts, on the other hand, are used to monitor and control a process over time, but they do not specifically focus on identifying root causes.

The Kano Model is a framework used to understand and prioritize customer needs and preferences. It helps to categorize customer requirements into different levels of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. The model focuses on identifying and addressing the factors that can lead to customer satisfaction. Therefore, it is also known as the Customer Satisfaction Model.

Philip Crosby is the correct answer because he is known for his work on quality management and his concept of "Quality is Free." He emphasized the importance of meeting requirements and preventing defects rather than relying on inspections and rework. Crosby believed that quality should be built into the process from the beginning and that every individual in the organization is responsible for quality. This aligns with the statement that quality means conformance to requirements. Thomas Peters is not known for his work specifically on quality management.

The correct answer is A. Quality planning, Quality Improvement, Quality Control. This answer is correct because the Quality Trilogy refers to the three key components of quality management. Quality planning involves setting quality objectives and determining the necessary resources and processes to meet those objectives. Quality Improvement involves continuously monitoring and improving processes to enhance quality. Quality Control involves the activities and techniques used to fulfill quality requirements and ensure that the final product or service meets customer expectations.

Fitness for use refers to the ability of a product or service to meet the specific needs and requirements of the customer. Juran, a renowned quality management expert, emphasized the importance of understanding customer needs and designing products and services that meet those needs. Deming, on the other hand, focused more on statistical process control and continuous improvement. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Juran.

The statement "Quality is inversely proportional to variability" means that as the level of variability decreases, the quality of a product or process increases. This is because variability is often associated with defects or inconsistencies, which can lower the overall quality. By reducing variability, organizations can improve the consistency and reliability of their products or processes, leading to higher quality outcomes. Therefore, the statement is true.

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a globally recognized organization that sets standards for various industries. In the context of the given question, ISO is the correct answer because it focuses on the quality of a product or service. ISO standards ensure that products and services meet certain criteria and are able to satisfy the stated or implied needs of customers. Noriaki Kano, on the other hand, is a Japanese professor known for his work on customer satisfaction and the Kano model, which categorizes customer preferences into different levels of importance. However, in this question, ISO is a more appropriate answer in relation to the concept of quality.

The given quote states that quality is something that can be directly experienced without the need for intellectual abstraction. This means that quality is something that can be perceived and understood without having to analyze or think about it. The quote is attributed to Robert M. Pirsig, indicating that he is the one who made this statement.

The correct answer is B. Ishikawa. Ishikawa is a Japanese quality control expert who developed the concept of the seven basic tools of quality control. These tools are used to identify and solve quality-related problems in various industries. Singo is not associated with the development or use of the seven QC tools.

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Higher quality does not necessarily mean higher cost. While it is true that some high-quality products may be more expensive, there are also instances where high-quality products are priced competitively or even lower than lower-quality alternatives. Factors such as brand reputation, production efficiency, and economies of scale can influence the pricing of high-quality products. Therefore, it is incorrect to assume that higher quality always comes with a higher price tag.

The given statement is true. TQC, which stands for Total Quality Control, was later known as TQM, which stands for Total Quality Management. This suggests that TQC evolved into TQM, indicating that the statement is correct.

The correct answer is A because it lists four principles of quality management: conformance to requirements, zero defects, price of non-conformance, and the idea that quality is prevention and not appraisal. These principles emphasize the importance of meeting requirements, eliminating defects, understanding the cost of poor quality, and focusing on prevention rather than inspection. Option B, on the other hand, discusses different aspects of quality such as cost, productivity, work culture, and inspection, which are not directly related to the four principles mentioned in option A.

The correct answer is B. Shewhart. Shewhart is the correct answer because he is the one who developed the concept of statistical process control (SPC) and the control chart method. SPC is a quality control technique that uses statistical methods to monitor and control a process to ensure it is operating within specified limits. Shewhart's work laid the foundation for modern quality control and his control chart method is still widely used in industries today.

The correct answer is A. Juran. Juran is known for his work in the field of quality control and is the author of the "Quality Control Handbook". This book is a comprehensive guide that provides principles and techniques for managing and improving quality in organizations. Juran's contributions have had a significant impact on the field of quality control and his handbook is widely recognized as a valuable resource for professionals in the industry.

The correct answer is B. Taguchi because Genichi Taguchi is widely known for his contributions to the field of quality engineering and his concept of robustness. Taguchi's robustness concept focuses on designing products and processes that are less sensitive to variations in manufacturing and environmental conditions. This concept aims to improve the quality and reliability of products by reducing their sensitivity to factors that can affect their performance. Philip Crosby, on the other hand, is known for his concept of zero defects and his emphasis on prevention rather than detection of defects.

SMED stands for Single Minute Exchange of Die. This technique is used in manufacturing to reduce the time it takes to change over equipment or tools. The goal is to reduce the changeover time to a single digit, preferably less than 10 minutes. By implementing SMED, companies can increase productivity, reduce downtime, and improve overall efficiency in their manufacturing processes. Statistical Measurement Deployment, on the other hand, is not related to SMED and is therefore not the correct answer.

Shingo is credited with introducing the concept of SMED, which stands for Single Minute Exchange of Die. SMED is a methodology that aims to reduce the time it takes to changeover or switch between different setups in a manufacturing process. By implementing SMED techniques, companies can minimize downtime and increase productivity. Shingo's work in this area has had a significant impact on lean manufacturing and continuous improvement practices.

Armand V. Feigenbaum is credited with introducing the concept of Total Quality Management (TQM) and its 10 best practices. TQM is a management approach that focuses on continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and employee involvement. Feigenbaum's contributions to TQM include emphasizing the importance of quality at every stage of the production process, promoting a customer-oriented approach, and encouraging employee participation in quality improvement initiatives. His work has had a significant impact on the field of quality management and has helped organizations worldwide improve their processes and deliver higher levels of customer satisfaction.

Edward Deming is the correct answer because he is known for his work in quality management and continuous improvement. He emphasized the importance of meeting and exceeding customer expectations as a way to improve business performance. Deming believed that by focusing on customer needs and continuously improving processes, organizations can achieve long-term success. Juran, on the other hand, is also a quality management expert but is more known for his work on quality planning and control.

The given statement suggests that quality improvements can be achieved by simplifying design, manufacturing layout, process, and procedure. This aligns with the ideas of Thomas Peters, who is known for his work on business management and quality improvement. Peters emphasizes the importance of simplifying processes and procedures to enhance quality and efficiency. Pareto, on the other hand, is known for the 80/20 principle, which focuses on identifying and prioritizing the most significant factors for improvement. However, the given statement does not mention Pareto's principle, making option B the correct answer.

Deming is the correct answer because he emphasized the importance of creating a culture of trust and eliminating fear in the workplace. He believed that fear hinders employee engagement and creativity, and that trust is essential for effective teamwork and continuous improvement. Deming's philosophy focuses on empowering employees and creating an environment where they feel safe to voice their ideas and concerns without fear of retribution. Shingo, on the other hand, is known for his work on improving manufacturing processes and developing the concept of "zero defects."

Shingo is the correct answer because he is known for his work on improving manufacturing processes, particularly through the concept of "single-minute exchange of dies" (SMED). This concept focuses on reducing changeover time in machines, materials, processes, and skills from minutes to seconds. Juran, on the other hand, is known for his contributions to quality management and continuous improvement, but not specifically for reducing changeover time.

Armand V. Feigenbaum is the correct answer because he is the one who defined quality as "the way of running business origination." Shewhart, on the other hand, is known for his contributions to statistical quality control and the development of the Shewhart cycle, which later became the basis for the PDCA cycle. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Armand V. Feigenbaum.

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Deming believed that management should take responsibility for improving processes rather than blaming and pressuring individuals. He emphasized the importance of understanding and improving the system as a whole, rather than focusing solely on individual performance. Deming's approach promotes a collaborative and supportive environment, where management works with employees to identify and address issues in the process, leading to overall improvement and success.

Philip Crosby is known as the "Fun Uncle of quality" because he was a quality management expert who believed in making the process of quality improvement enjoyable and engaging. He emphasized the importance of creating a positive and fun work environment to motivate employees and encourage their active participation in quality initiatives. Crosby's approach to quality management focused on prevention rather than detection of defects, and he promoted the concept of "zero defects" as a goal for organizations to strive for. His ideas and methods have had a significant impact on the field of quality management.

Deming's statement suggests that the majority of reasons for failure to meet customer expectations or needs are due to variations or deficiencies in the process rather than the fault of the employee. This implies that the responsibility for meeting customer expectations lies more with improving and optimizing the processes rather than blaming individual employees. Deming believed in the importance of continuous improvement and reducing variation in processes to achieve better outcomes.

Taguchi's approach to quality focuses on minimizing the loss to society caused by non-quality products. He emphasizes the importance of reducing variation and improving the overall quality of products, which ultimately leads to lower costs and higher customer satisfaction. In contrast, Philip Crosby's approach to quality is centered around the concept of zero defects, where the goal is to prevent defects from occurring in the first place. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Taguchi.

The correct answer is B. Philiphs. The statement "Quality is free" is associated with Philiphs, not Taguchi. Philiphs is known for his work in the field of quality management and his belief that investing in quality can lead to cost savings in the long run. This concept suggests that by focusing on improving quality, organizations can reduce the costs associated with defects, rework, and customer dissatisfaction.

Deming believed that higher quality leads to higher production because when a company focuses on improving the quality of its products or services, it reduces errors, defects, and waste. This leads to increased efficiency and productivity in the production process. By implementing quality improvement techniques, such as statistical process control and continuous improvement, Deming argued that companies can achieve higher levels of productivity and ultimately, higher profits. Juran, on the other hand, focused more on the importance of quality planning and management, rather than directly linking quality to production.

Shewhart is often referred to as the "Grandfather of TQM" because he is credited with developing the statistical process control (SPC) method, which is a key component of Total Quality Management (TQM). Shewhart's work laid the foundation for the principles and practices of TQM, emphasizing the importance of statistical analysis and control in improving quality and reducing variability in processes. His contributions revolutionized the field of quality management and set the stage for the development of TQM as a comprehensive approach to quality improvement in organizations.

PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) was actually introduced by Walter A. Shewhart and popularized by Deming. Shewhart developed the concept while working at Bell Laboratories in the 1920s, and Deming later expanded on it and incorporated it into his quality management teachings. Therefore, the correct answer is B. False.

The given statement suggests that businesses should not solely focus on the price tag when awarding contracts, but instead prioritize long-term relationships built on loyalty and trust. This aligns with the principles of W. Edwards Deming, who emphasized the importance of quality and continuous improvement in business processes. Deming believed that a focus on price alone often leads to short-term thinking and neglect of other important factors that contribute to overall success. By prioritizing loyalty and trust, businesses can foster stronger relationships with their partners and suppliers, leading to better outcomes in the long run.

The correct answer is A. Peters. MBWA stands for "Management by Walking Around," a concept introduced by Tom Peters. This concept emphasizes the importance of managers being actively present and engaged with their employees, rather than sitting in their offices. By walking around and interacting with employees, managers can gain valuable insights, build relationships, and stay connected with the pulse of the organization. Tom Peters popularized this concept in his book "In Search of Excellence" and it has since become a widely adopted management practice.

Armand V. Feigenbaum is considered the "Father of TQM" because he played a significant role in developing and popularizing the concept of Total Quality Management (TQM). Feigenbaum introduced the idea of TQM in his book "Total Quality Control" in 1951, which outlined the principles and practices for achieving quality excellence in organizations. He emphasized the importance of customer satisfaction, continuous improvement, and employee involvement in achieving high-quality products and services. Feigenbaum's contributions to TQM have had a lasting impact on quality management practices worldwide.

MBWA stands for Management by Walking Around, a management technique that emphasizes the importance of being physically present and actively engaging with employees and customers. The three concepts mentioned in option A - Innovation, People, and Customer - align with the principles of MBWA. By being present and interacting with employees and customers, managers can foster innovation, understand the needs and perspectives of their people, and prioritize customer satisfaction. This approach helps to build strong relationships, promote collaboration, and drive continuous improvement within the organization.

Juran is known for his emphasis on the project by project approach to quality improvement. This approach involves focusing on individual projects and making improvements to achieve quality goals. Juran believed that quality improvement should be a continuous process and that each project should be treated as an opportunity to learn and improve. This approach differs from Deming's philosophy, which emphasizes the importance of systemic change and a focus on overall process improvement. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Juran.

This answer is correct because it accurately identifies the components of system or profound knowledge. Optimization refers to continuously improving processes, variation refers to understanding and managing variability, knowledge refers to the understanding of the system and its processes, and physiology refers to understanding the human factors and psychology involved in the system. These components are essential for achieving a deep understanding of a system and making effective improvements.

The correct answer is B. "Out of Crisis". This book, written by W. Edwards Deming, introduced his famous 14 points on quality management. These points are a set of guidelines for organizations to improve their quality and productivity. The book discusses Deming's philosophy and principles for achieving success in business by focusing on quality improvement.

MBWA stands for Managing by Walking About. This term refers to a management style where managers actively engage with their employees by physically being present in the workplace and interacting with them on a regular basis. By walking around and observing the work environment, managers can gain firsthand knowledge of the operations, build relationships with employees, and address any concerns or issues that may arise. This approach promotes open communication, fosters teamwork, and allows managers to stay informed and involved in the day-to-day activities of the organization.

The correct answer is B. Shewhart. Shewhart, also known as Walter A. Shewhart, was an American physicist and statistician who is considered the father of statistical quality control. He developed the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle, which is a systematic method for problem-solving and continuous improvement. This cycle is widely used in various industries to achieve quality improvement and process optimization. Deming, on the other hand, is known for his contributions to the development of total quality management (TQM) and the Deming cycle, which is a variation of the PDSA cycle.

Quality can be inspected is a false statement. Quality cannot be inspected directly as it is a subjective measure that depends on various factors and can vary from person to person. However, the products or services that are produced can be inspected for their adherence to certain quality standards or specifications. Inspecting the products or services can give an indication of their quality, but it does not provide a complete assessment of the overall quality.

"Zero Quality Control" is a concept introduced by Shigeo Shingo, a Japanese industrial engineer and consultant. Shingo believed that quality control should be integrated into the production process itself, rather than relying on inspections and rework after the fact. This approach aims to prevent defects from occurring in the first place, rather than simply identifying and fixing them later. Shingo's philosophy emphasizes the importance of mistake-proofing and continuous improvement to achieve zero defects. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Shingo.