TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

1. The …………….. are the parameters of the operating characteristic curve:

A] Producers risk

B] Consumers risk

C] Both (A) and (B)

D]None of these

The parameters of the operating characteristic curve include both the producers risk and the consumers risk. This means that both factors are important in determining the performance and effectiveness of the operating characteristic curve.

Explanation

The parameters of the operating characteristic curve include both the producers risk and the consumers risk. This means that both factors are important in determining the performance and effectiveness of the operating characteristic curve.

2. Probability of rejecting good lot is called as ………. risk

A] Producers

B] Consumers

C]Both (A) and (B)

D]None of these

The probability of rejecting a good lot is called producer's risk. This refers to the risk that a producer or manufacturer faces of incorrectly rejecting a lot of products that actually meet the required quality standards. It is important for producers to balance this risk with the risk of accepting a bad lot, known as consumer's risk, in order to maintain efficiency and avoid unnecessary costs.

Explanation

The probability of rejecting a good lot is called producer's risk. This refers to the risk that a producer or manufacturer faces of incorrectly rejecting a lot of products that actually meet the required quality standards. It is important for producers to balance this risk with the risk of accepting a bad lot, known as consumer's risk, in order to maintain efficiency and avoid unnecessary costs.

3. Which of the following is operating characteristic curve:

A] A Type

B] B Type

C] Both (A) and (B)

D]None of these

The operating characteristic curve is a graphical representation of the performance of a statistical test. It shows the relationship between the test's true positive rate (sensitivity) and its false positive rate (1-specificity) for different threshold values. Both Type A and Type B operating characteristic curves exist, representing different types of statistical tests. Therefore, the correct answer is C] Both (A) and (B).

Explanation

The operating characteristic curve is a graphical representation of the performance of a statistical test. It shows the relationship between the test's true positive rate (sensitivity) and its false positive rate (1-specificity) for different threshold values. Both Type A and Type B operating characteristic curves exist, representing different types of statistical tests. Therefore, the correct answer is C] Both (A) and (B).

4. Probability of accepting bad lot is called as……………risk

A] Producers

B] Consumers

C] Both (A) and (B)

D]None of these

The probability of accepting a bad lot refers to the risk faced by consumers. When consumers accept a bad lot, they are at risk of receiving products that do not meet their expectations or standards. Therefore, the correct answer is B] Consumers.

Explanation

The probability of accepting a bad lot refers to the risk faced by consumers. When consumers accept a bad lot, they are at risk of receiving products that do not meet their expectations or standards. Therefore, the correct answer is B] Consumers.

5. α is the probability of Producers risk then probability of acceptance Pa is:

A] α

B] 1-α

C]2(1-α )

D]None of these

The probability of acceptance (Pa) is equal to 1 minus the probability of Producers risk (α). This means that if the probability of Producers risk is high, the probability of acceptance will be low, and vice versa. Therefore, option B] 1-α is the correct answer.

Explanation

The probability of acceptance (Pa) is equal to 1 minus the probability of Producers risk (α). This means that if the probability of Producers risk is high, the probability of acceptance will be low, and vice versa. Therefore, option B] 1-α is the correct answer.

6. Quality means:

A]Fitness for use

B] satisfy customers requirement

C] Delight the customer

D] All

Quality means meeting the fitness for use, satisfying customer requirements, and delighting the customer. This means that a product or service should not only meet the basic requirements and be fit for its intended use, but it should also exceed customer expectations and provide a positive experience. By encompassing all these aspects, the answer option "D] All" accurately captures the comprehensive definition of quality.

Explanation

Quality means meeting the fitness for use, satisfying customer requirements, and delighting the customer. This means that a product or service should not only meet the basic requirements and be fit for its intended use, but it should also exceed customer expectations and provide a positive experience. By encompassing all these aspects, the answer option "D] All" accurately captures the comprehensive definition of quality.

7. If Q: quality P: Performance E: expectations Then the Quality can be quantified as :

A] Q = P/E

B]Q=E/P

C] Both (A) and (B)

D]None of these

The correct answer is A] Q = P/E. This equation quantifies the quality by dividing the performance (P) by the expectations (E). This suggests that quality can be measured by comparing the actual performance with the expected performance.

Explanation

The correct answer is A] Q = P/E. This equation quantifies the quality by dividing the performance (P) by the expectations (E). This suggests that quality can be measured by comparing the actual performance with the expected performance.

8. Type B operating characteristic curve is used to find probability of :

A] Acceptance of large lot

B] Acceptance of lots drawn from a continuous stream of product

C] Both (A) and (B)

D]None of these

The Type B operating characteristic curve is used to find the probability of acceptance for both large lots and lots drawn from a continuous stream of product. This curve helps in determining the likelihood of accepting or rejecting a given lot based on its quality characteristics. Therefore, option C is correct.

Explanation

The Type B operating characteristic curve is used to find the probability of acceptance for both large lots and lots drawn from a continuous stream of product. This curve helps in determining the likelihood of accepting or rejecting a given lot based on its quality characteristics. Therefore, option C is correct.

9. In single sampling inspection plan with lot size 110 and sample size 10, if producer's risk α is 0.02 then ATI =……

A] 12

B] 8

C] 108

D] 110

In single sampling inspection plan, ATI (Acceptance Test Interval) is the number of lots that can be accepted before the next inspection is required. It is calculated using the formula ATI = (1/α) - 1, where α is the producer's risk. In this case, the producer's risk α is given as 0.02. Plugging this value into the formula, we get ATI = (1/0.02) - 1 = 50 - 1 = 49. Since the lot size is 110, the number of lots that can be accepted before the next inspection is 49/110 = 0.445. Rounding it up to the nearest whole number, we get ATI = 1. Therefore, the correct answer is A] 12.

Explanation

In single sampling inspection plan, ATI (Acceptance Test Interval) is the number of lots that can be accepted before the next inspection is required. It is calculated using the formula ATI = (1/α) - 1, where α is the producer's risk. In this case, the producer's risk α is given as 0.02. Plugging this value into the formula, we get ATI = (1/0.02) - 1 = 50 - 1 = 49. Since the lot size is 110, the number of lots that can be accepted before the next inspection is 49/110 = 0.445. Rounding it up to the nearest whole number, we get ATI = 1. Therefore, the correct answer is A] 12.

10. Type A operating characteristic curve is used to compute probability of

A] isolated lot with finite size

B] isolated lot with infinite size

C] Both (A) and (B)

D]None of these

The Type A operating characteristic curve is used to compute the probability of an isolated lot with a finite size. This means that it is used to analyze the performance of a process or system that has a limited number of units or items. It helps in determining the likelihood of the lot meeting certain quality standards or specifications. This curve is specifically designed for situations where the lot size is known and finite, making it the correct answer.

Explanation

The Type A operating characteristic curve is used to compute the probability of an isolated lot with a finite size. This means that it is used to analyze the performance of a process or system that has a limited number of units or items. It helps in determining the likelihood of the lot meeting certain quality standards or specifications. This curve is specifically designed for situations where the lot size is known and finite, making it the correct answer.

11. LTPD stands for

A] lot tolerance percent defective .

B] Unsatisfactory quality level at which the Consumer accept the lot with very lowprobability.

C] Limiting quality level

D] all the above

The correct answer is D] all the above. LTPD stands for Lot Tolerance Percent Defective, which refers to the maximum acceptable percentage of defective items in a lot. It is also known as the limiting quality level, which represents the unsatisfactory quality level at which the consumer accepts the lot with a very low probability. Therefore, all the given options A, B, and C are correct explanations of LTPD.

Explanation

The correct answer is D] all the above. LTPD stands for Lot Tolerance Percent Defective, which refers to the maximum acceptable percentage of defective items in a lot. It is also known as the limiting quality level, which represents the unsatisfactory quality level at which the consumer accepts the lot with a very low probability. Therefore, all the given options A, B, and C are correct explanations of LTPD.

Total Quality Management