Organizational Behaviour Chapter 9

knowledge = information

Also called social networking.

The given explanation suggests that the correct answer is gender communication. This is because the passage describes subtle distinctions between men and women in their communication practices, such as differences in talk styles, advice-giving, use of indirect requests, and sensitivity to nonverbal cues. These differences highlight the importance of understanding gender communication patterns and how they can impact interpersonal interactions.

Nonverbal communication refers to the transmission of messages without the use of words. It includes facial gestures, actions, voice intonation, physical distance, and even silence. Nonverbal communication is less rule-bound than verbal communication and is usually automatic and unconscious. It plays a crucial role in conveying emotions, attitudes, and intentions. Therefore, the given answer "nonverbal communication" accurately describes the characteristics and importance of communication through nonverbal cues.

Email is the preferred medium for coordinating work because it increases communication volume and reduces face-to-face and telephone communication. However, it is a poor medium for expressing emotions, lacks politeness and respect, and is not suitable for ambiguous, complex, and novel situations. Additionally, email can contribute to information overload.

Emotional contagion refers to the automatic process of sharing another person's emotions by mimicking their facial expressions and nonverbal behavior. This process serves three purposes: providing continuous feedback to the sender, allowing the receiver to understand the emotional meaning behind the behavior, and enabling the sharing of the same emotions felt by the individuals involved.

Media richness refers to the ability of a communication medium to convey a wide range of information and support multiple communication channels. It includes factors such as the volume and variety of information that can be transmitted, the ability to convey emotions and nonverbal cues, and the presence of social distractions. In this context, the correct answer of media richness aligns with the description provided, as it encompasses the data-carrying capacity and the various aspects mentioned.

MBWA
Communication in Hierachies: Direct Communication with Top Management

The given correct answer is "communication". Communication is the process of transmitting and understanding information between two or more people. It involves encoding and decoding messages to ensure that the sender's intended meaning is conveyed. Communication is also essential for clarifying expectations, coordinating work, and achieving organizational objectives more efficiently and effectively.

The efficiency and effectiveness of the communication process is influenced by factors such as whether both parties have similar codebooks, which are tools used to convey information, and whether they have similar mental models about the context of information. Familiarity with the message topic and the proficiency of the sender and receiver with the communication channel are also important factors. The concept of encoding and decoding refers to the process of converting information into a format that can be transmitted and then interpreting that information upon receipt. This process plays a crucial role in effective communication.

The given correct answer is "communication barriers". Communication barriers refer to obstacles or challenges that hinder effective communication between the sender and receiver. These barriers can arise due to various factors such as filtering, language issues (jargon and ambiguity), and information overload. These barriers can distort the message being conveyed and lead to miscommunication or misunderstanding between the parties involved.

The given passage describes a communication network that is unstructured and informal, based on social relationships rather than formal organizational structures. This network is known as the grapevine. It transmits information quickly in all directions within an organization, following a cluster chain pattern. It is more active among employees who have similar backgrounds and can easily communicate with each other. The grapevine also transmits some degree of truth. The passage mentions that email has become the main medium for this type of communication, and social networks have extended gossip to a global scale.

The given answer, "communication in hierarchies," is the most appropriate explanation for the provided information. The description mentions workspace design that clusters teams and encourages casual communication, replacing traditional offices with open space arrangements, e-zines, blogs, and wiki for sharing news and opinions, and direct communication with top management. All of these elements indicate a structured communication system within an organization, where communication flows through different levels of hierarchy.

Cross-cultural communication refers to the challenges and difficulties that arise when people from different cultural backgrounds attempt to communicate with each other. This can include verbal problems such as language barriers, differences in voice intonations, and difficulties in understanding silence or conversational overlaps. Additionally, nonverbal problems such as gestures having different interpretations can also create barriers in cross-cultural communication. Therefore, the given answer of "cross-cultural communication" accurately describes the various communication problems that can occur when individuals from different cultures try to communicate with each other.